Cinema of the Soviet Union (original) (raw)
- تضم سينما الاتحاد السوفيتي أفلامًا أنتجتها الجمهوريات المكونة للاتحاد السوفيتي والتي تعكس عناصر من ثقافتهم ولغتهم وتاريخهم قبل الاتحاد السوفيتي، على الرغم من أنها كانت تنظمها الحكومة المركزية في موسكو. الأكثر غزارة في أفلامهم الجمهورية، بعد جمهورية روسيا الاتحادية الاشتراكية السوفياتية، كانت أرمينيا وأذربيجان وجورجيا وأوكرانيا، وبدرجة أقل، ليتوانيا وبيلاروسيا ومولدافيا. في الوقت نفسه، كانت صناعة السينما في البلاد، والتي تم تأميمها بالكامل طوال معظم تاريخ البلاد، تسترشد بالفلسفات والقوانين التي طرحها الحزب الشيوعي السوفيتي الاحتكاري الذي قدم وجهة نظر جديدة للسينما، الواقعية الاشتراكية، والتي كانت مختلفة عن قبل أو بعد وجود الاتحاد السوفيتي. (ar)
- El cinema rus i soviètic va ser durant molt de temps un dels més importants del cinema europeu. Ha conegut una important crisi durant els anys 1990 i compta, des de mitjans dels anys 2000, de nou entre les cinematografies europees més prolífiques. La frase de Lenin, «el cinema és per a nosaltres, de tots els arts, el més important», va fer la volta al món. La pel·lícula d'Eisenstein El cuirassat Potemkin (1925), que posa en imatges la Revolució russa de 1905, figura sempre al primer rang del panteó dels historiadors del cinema. El cinema soviètic ha donat lloc a diverses interpretacions que s'han enfocat, o sobre el cinema com a obra d'art, el cinema com a propaganda o el cinema com a objecte d'espectacle. La fama mundial del cinema mut soviètic revolucionari ha emmascarat tanmateix l'existència, sota el règim tsarista, d'un ric cinema rus, avui descobert per les filmoteques. (ca)
- The cinema of the Soviet Union includes films produced by the constituent republics of the Soviet Union reflecting elements of their pre-Soviet culture, language and history, albeit they were all regulated by the central government in Moscow. Most prolific in their republican films, after the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, were Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, and, to a lesser degree, Lithuania, Belarus and Moldavia. At the same time, the nation's film industry, which was fully nationalized throughout most of the country's history, was guided by philosophies and laws propounded by the monopoly Soviet Communist Party which introduced a new view on the cinema, socialist realism, which was different from the one before or after the existence of the Soviet Union. (en)
- Sobietar zinema SESBen egindako zinema da, hizkuntza nagusia errusiera izanik. Lanik esanguratsuenak Armeniar SES, Errusiar SESF, Georgiar SES eta Ukrainar SESetan egin zen eta, maila txikiago batean, Bielorrusiar SES, Lituaniar SES eta Moldaviar SESetan. (eu)
- El cine soviético comprende el arte del cine y películas creativas realizadas entre 1922 y 1991 en la Unión Soviética. También, en sentido estricto, es el nombre que suele darse a la corriente vanguardista integrada por artistas como Serguéi Eisenstein, Lev Kuleshov, Vsévolod Pudovkin y Dziga Vértov. (es)
- Le cinéma russe et soviétique fut pendant longtemps l'un des plus importants du cinéma européen. Il a connu une importante crise durant les années 1990 et compte, depuis le milieu des années 2000, de nouveau parmi les cinématographies européennes les plus prolifiques. La phrase de Lénine, « le cinéma est pour nous, de tous les arts, le plus important », a fait le tour du monde. Le film d'Eisenstein, le Cuirassé Potemkine (réalisé en 1925) et qui met en images la révolution russe de 1905, figure toujours au premier rang du panthéon des historiens du cinéma. Le cinéma soviétique a donné lieu à diverses interprétations qui se sont focalisées soit sur « le cinéma comme œuvre d'art », « le cinéma comme propagande » ou « le cinéma comme objet de spectacle ». La célébrité mondiale du cinéma muet soviétique révolutionnaire a cependant masqué l'existence, sous le régime tsariste, d'un riche cinéma russe, aujourd'hui redécouvert par les cinémathèques. (fr)
- 소비에트 연방 영화는 러시아어 영화가 주를 이루기는 하지만 러시아의 영화와 다르다. 소비에트 연방을 이루는 공화국들이 소비에트 이전의 문화, 언어, 역사를 가져왔다. 영화에 가장 눈에 띄는 기여를 한 나라는 러시아 소비에트 연방 사회주의 공화국, 아르메니아 소비에트 사회주의 공화국, 우크라이나 소비에트 사회주의 공화국등이다. 유럽 영화사에서 가장 중요한 부분 중 하나였다. 레닌은 '영화가 우리에게 있어서 모든 예술 중 가장 중요하다'고 말한 바 있다. 특히 러시아 혁명 (1905년)을 그린 에이젠스타인의 전함 포템킨은 영화 전문가들 사이에서 역사 상 최고의 영화로 꼽혀왔다. (ko)
- ソビエト連邦の映画には、ソビエト連邦を構成する共和国によって製作された映画が含まれている。それらすべてはモスクワ中央政府によって統制されていたが、ソビエト以前の文化、言語、歴史的要素の要素を反映している。ロシア・ソビエト連邦社会主義共和国に続き、共和国の映画製作においてアルメニア、アゼルバイジャン、ジョージア、ウクライナが最も多作であり、次いでリトアニア、ベラルーシ、モルダヴィアも、それほど多くはないが映画を製作した。同時に、国の映画産業はソビエト連邦の歴史のほとんどの間を通じて完全に国営化されたものであり、映画に対する新たな理念である社会主義リアリズムを導入した独占的なソビエト共産党によって提唱された哲学と法律によって主導されており、ソビエト連邦ができる前または崩壊した後とでは異なる状況で映画が製作された。 (ja)
- Kinematografia radziecka (kinematografia sowiecka) – ogół produkcji i dystrybucji filmowej na obszarze Związku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich, istniejącego w latach 1922–1991. (pl)
- Кинемато́граф СССР — киноискусство и киноиндустрия в СССР. (ru)
- När bolsjevikerna tog makten i Sovjetunionen ansåg man att filmen var det mest genomslagskraftiga kommunikationsmedlet. Filmindustrin förstatligades därför i augusti 1919, och Nadezjda Konstantinovna Krupskaja sattes att styra densamma. Sergej Eisensteins stumfilm Pansarkryssaren Potemkin från 1925 är förmodligen den mest kända av de tidiga filmerna. År 1919 lät sovjetledaren Vladimir Lenin etablera världens första filminstitut, VGIK. Under NEP-politikens tid var filmen i Sovjetunionen mer marknadsinriktad, och även utländskt sponsorkapital blev tillåtet. Filmproduktionen var reglerad med som centralt ansvarig myndighet med mycket starkt inflytande och Sovexportfilm som exporterade och importerade filmer. Michail Kalatozovs film Och tranorna flyga belönades med guldpalmen på Filmfestivalen i Cannes 1958. Solaris (på ryska: Солярис, 1972) av Andrej Tarkovskij återspeglade dåtidens framtidstro inom rymdfärder och människans psykologiska gränser. Filmen vann Grand Prix Spécial du Jury och FIPRESCI-priset på filmfestivalen i Cannes. Michail Gorbatjovs tillträde och följande reformer innebar omfattande liberalisering av Sovjetunionens filmer. Regissörer fick en friare roll, och filmer om verklighetsflykt började spelas in. Sovjetunionens fall 1991 innebar stora förändringar för filmen. En utbredd uppfattning är att upplösningen satte stopp för rysk kvalitetsfilm, då filmindustrin blev mer inriktad på kommersiell gångbarhet än konstnärlighet. (sv)
- Кінемато́граф СРСР — кіномистецтво і кіноіндустрія в СРСР. (uk)
- https://russianfilmhub.com/
- https://ifap.ru/library/book625.pdf
- https://www.net-film.ru/en/
- http://learn-russian.language101.com/lesson/%3Fid=58289882
- http://www.russischerfilm.net/
- http://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Cuw1vHuxITYC&lpg=PA763&pg=PA763
- https://russianfilmhub.com/tag/movies-from-soviet-union/
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- تضم سينما الاتحاد السوفيتي أفلامًا أنتجتها الجمهوريات المكونة للاتحاد السوفيتي والتي تعكس عناصر من ثقافتهم ولغتهم وتاريخهم قبل الاتحاد السوفيتي، على الرغم من أنها كانت تنظمها الحكومة المركزية في موسكو. الأكثر غزارة في أفلامهم الجمهورية، بعد جمهورية روسيا الاتحادية الاشتراكية السوفياتية، كانت أرمينيا وأذربيجان وجورجيا وأوكرانيا، وبدرجة أقل، ليتوانيا وبيلاروسيا ومولدافيا. في الوقت نفسه، كانت صناعة السينما في البلاد، والتي تم تأميمها بالكامل طوال معظم تاريخ البلاد، تسترشد بالفلسفات والقوانين التي طرحها الحزب الشيوعي السوفيتي الاحتكاري الذي قدم وجهة نظر جديدة للسينما، الواقعية الاشتراكية، والتي كانت مختلفة عن قبل أو بعد وجود الاتحاد السوفيتي. (ar)
- The cinema of the Soviet Union includes films produced by the constituent republics of the Soviet Union reflecting elements of their pre-Soviet culture, language and history, albeit they were all regulated by the central government in Moscow. Most prolific in their republican films, after the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, were Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, and, to a lesser degree, Lithuania, Belarus and Moldavia. At the same time, the nation's film industry, which was fully nationalized throughout most of the country's history, was guided by philosophies and laws propounded by the monopoly Soviet Communist Party which introduced a new view on the cinema, socialist realism, which was different from the one before or after the existence of the Soviet Union. (en)
- Sobietar zinema SESBen egindako zinema da, hizkuntza nagusia errusiera izanik. Lanik esanguratsuenak Armeniar SES, Errusiar SESF, Georgiar SES eta Ukrainar SESetan egin zen eta, maila txikiago batean, Bielorrusiar SES, Lituaniar SES eta Moldaviar SESetan. (eu)
- El cine soviético comprende el arte del cine y películas creativas realizadas entre 1922 y 1991 en la Unión Soviética. También, en sentido estricto, es el nombre que suele darse a la corriente vanguardista integrada por artistas como Serguéi Eisenstein, Lev Kuleshov, Vsévolod Pudovkin y Dziga Vértov. (es)
- 소비에트 연방 영화는 러시아어 영화가 주를 이루기는 하지만 러시아의 영화와 다르다. 소비에트 연방을 이루는 공화국들이 소비에트 이전의 문화, 언어, 역사를 가져왔다. 영화에 가장 눈에 띄는 기여를 한 나라는 러시아 소비에트 연방 사회주의 공화국, 아르메니아 소비에트 사회주의 공화국, 우크라이나 소비에트 사회주의 공화국등이다. 유럽 영화사에서 가장 중요한 부분 중 하나였다. 레닌은 '영화가 우리에게 있어서 모든 예술 중 가장 중요하다'고 말한 바 있다. 특히 러시아 혁명 (1905년)을 그린 에이젠스타인의 전함 포템킨은 영화 전문가들 사이에서 역사 상 최고의 영화로 꼽혀왔다. (ko)
- ソビエト連邦の映画には、ソビエト連邦を構成する共和国によって製作された映画が含まれている。それらすべてはモスクワ中央政府によって統制されていたが、ソビエト以前の文化、言語、歴史的要素の要素を反映している。ロシア・ソビエト連邦社会主義共和国に続き、共和国の映画製作においてアルメニア、アゼルバイジャン、ジョージア、ウクライナが最も多作であり、次いでリトアニア、ベラルーシ、モルダヴィアも、それほど多くはないが映画を製作した。同時に、国の映画産業はソビエト連邦の歴史のほとんどの間を通じて完全に国営化されたものであり、映画に対する新たな理念である社会主義リアリズムを導入した独占的なソビエト共産党によって提唱された哲学と法律によって主導されており、ソビエト連邦ができる前または崩壊した後とでは異なる状況で映画が製作された。 (ja)
- Kinematografia radziecka (kinematografia sowiecka) – ogół produkcji i dystrybucji filmowej na obszarze Związku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich, istniejącego w latach 1922–1991. (pl)
- Кинемато́граф СССР — киноискусство и киноиндустрия в СССР. (ru)
- Кінемато́граф СРСР — кіномистецтво і кіноіндустрія в СРСР. (uk)
- El cinema rus i soviètic va ser durant molt de temps un dels més importants del cinema europeu. Ha conegut una important crisi durant els anys 1990 i compta, des de mitjans dels anys 2000, de nou entre les cinematografies europees més prolífiques. La frase de Lenin, «el cinema és per a nosaltres, de tots els arts, el més important», va fer la volta al món. La pel·lícula d'Eisenstein El cuirassat Potemkin (1925), que posa en imatges la Revolució russa de 1905, figura sempre al primer rang del panteó dels historiadors del cinema. (ca)
- Le cinéma russe et soviétique fut pendant longtemps l'un des plus importants du cinéma européen. Il a connu une importante crise durant les années 1990 et compte, depuis le milieu des années 2000, de nouveau parmi les cinématographies européennes les plus prolifiques. La phrase de Lénine, « le cinéma est pour nous, de tous les arts, le plus important », a fait le tour du monde. Le film d'Eisenstein, le Cuirassé Potemkine (réalisé en 1925) et qui met en images la révolution russe de 1905, figure toujours au premier rang du panthéon des historiens du cinéma. (fr)
- När bolsjevikerna tog makten i Sovjetunionen ansåg man att filmen var det mest genomslagskraftiga kommunikationsmedlet. Filmindustrin förstatligades därför i augusti 1919, och Nadezjda Konstantinovna Krupskaja sattes att styra densamma. Sergej Eisensteins stumfilm Pansarkryssaren Potemkin från 1925 är förmodligen den mest kända av de tidiga filmerna. År 1919 lät sovjetledaren Vladimir Lenin etablera världens första filminstitut, VGIK. Under NEP-politikens tid var filmen i Sovjetunionen mer marknadsinriktad, och även utländskt sponsorkapital blev tillåtet. (sv)
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