Harold Laski (original) (raw)
Harold Joseph Laski (30 de junio de 1893, en Mánchester - 24 de marzo de 1950, en Londres) fue un teórico marxista, politólogo, economista, escritor y conferencista inglés de origen judío. Es considerado, junto con el también británico, John Stuart Mill, uno de los pocos teóricos de la teoría del Estado en el mundo anglosajón.
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| dbo:abstract | Harold Joseph Laski (30. června 1893 Manchester – 24. března 1950 Londýn) byl anglický politolog, ekonom a politik židovského původu. V letech 1945–1946 byl předsedou (Chair of National Executive Committee) Britské labouristické strany. Kolem roku 1930 přešel na marxistické pozice a zdůrazňoval nutnost dělnické revoluce, což vyvolalo silnou opozici uvnitř Labour party. Tato situace se opakovala poté, co se stal předsedou strany a postavil se proti němu umírněný lídr strany (což není post totožný s předsednickým) Clement Attlee, který nakonec získal i post premiéra a nikdy Laskiho nepozval do vládního kabinetu. Byl jedním z nejvlivnějších britských reprezentantů marxismu v meziválečných letech, který inspiroval zvláště zahraniční studenty v Londýně, z nichž mnozí se později stali vůdci nově nezávislých národů v Asii a Africe ve druhé polovině 20. století (k jeho studentům patřil například Džaváharlál Néhrú). Byl také znám jako zastánce sionismu a podporoval vznik židovského státu. Byl váženým akademikem, v letech 1926–1950 byl profesorem na London School of Economics. (cs) هارولد جوزيف لاسكي (بالإنجليزية: Harold Laski) (ولد في 30 يونيو عام 1893 وتوفي في 24 مارس عام 1950) كان منظرًا سياسيًا أمريكيًا واقتصاديًا. كان نشطاً في السياسة وعمل رئيسًا لحزب العمال البريطاني خلال الفترة بين عامي 1945 و1946 وكان أستاذًا في كلية لندن للاقتصاد بين عامي 1926 و1950. كان أول من شجع على التعددية، مؤكدا على أهمية المجتمعات الطوعية المحلية مثل نقابات العمال. بعد عام 1930 تحول إلى الماركسية، مع تأكيده على الصراع الطبقي والحاجة إلى ثورة العمال التي ألمح إلى أنها قد تكون عنيفة. أغضب موقف لاسكي قادة حزب العمال الذين وعدوا بتحول ديمقراطي سلمي. تعرض موقف لاسكي من الديمقراطية للمزيد من الهجوم من جانب ونستون تشرشل في الانتخابات العامة عام 1945، واضطر حزب العمال إلى التنصل من لاسكي، الذي كان رئيس الحزب. كان لاسكي واحدا من أكثر المتحدثين المثقفين نفوذا للماركسية في سنوات ما بين الحربين العالميتين. كان تعليمه بشكل خاص مصدر إلهام كبير للطلاب، الذين أصبحوا في وقت لاحق قادة لدول مستقلة في كل من آسيا وأفريقيا. ربما كان المفكر الأبرز في حزب العمال، خاصة بالنسبة لمن انتموا إلى اليسار المتشدد الذين شاركوه ثقته وآماله في الاتحاد السوفييتي تحت زعامة جوزيف ستالين. ولد لاسكي لعائلة يهودية، وكان مؤيدًا للصهيونية وداعمًا لتشكيل دولة لليهود. (ar) Harold Joseph Laski (30 de junio de 1893, en Mánchester - 24 de marzo de 1950, en Londres) fue un teórico marxista, politólogo, economista, escritor y conferencista inglés de origen judío. Es considerado, junto con el también británico, John Stuart Mill, uno de los pocos teóricos de la teoría del Estado en el mundo anglosajón. (es) Harold Joseph Laski (* 30. Juni 1893 in Manchester; † 24. März 1950 in London) war ein britischer Politikwissenschaftler, Ökonom, Autor und Dozent. (de) Harold Joseph Laski (Manchester, Ingalaterra, 1893ko ekainaren 30a - Londres, Ingalaterra, 1950eko martxoaren 24a) britainiar politikaria izan zen. (eu) Harold Joseph Laski (30 June 1893 – 24 March 1950) was an English political theorist and economist. He was active in politics and served as the chairman of the British Labour Party from 1945 to 1946 and was a professor at the London School of Economics from 1926 to 1950. He first promoted pluralism by emphasising the importance of local voluntary communities such as trade unions. After 1930, he began to emphasize the need for a workers' revolution, which he hinted might be violent. Laski's position angered Labour leaders who promised a nonviolent democratic transformation. Laski's position on democracy threatening violence came under further attack from Prime Minister Winston Churchill in the 1945 general election, and the Labour Party had to disavow Laski, its own chairman. Laski was one of Britain's most influential intellectual spokesmen for Marxism in the interwar years. In particular, his teaching greatly inspired students, some of whom later became leaders of the newly independent nations in Asia and Africa. He was perhaps the most prominent intellectual in the Labour Party, especially for those on the hard left who shared his trust and hope in Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union. However, he was distrusted by the moderate Labour politicians, who were in charge such as Prime Minister Clement Attlee, and he was never given a major government position or a peerage. Born to a Jewish family, Laski was also a supporter of Zionism and supported the creation of a Jewish state. (en) Harold Joseph Laski (Manchester, 30 juin 1893 – Londres, 24 mars 1950) est un théoricien politique anglais qui fut président du Parti travailliste britannique de 1945 à 1946 et l'un des professeurs les plus célèbres de la London School of Economics, où il enseigna de 1926 à sa mort. Il fut l'un des intellectuels les plus influents de son parti, notamment pour ses membres qui ont pu partager ses espérances en Staline. Il fut néanmoins désavoué par les chefs politiques de son parti dont Clement Attlee et n'eut pas de position au sein d'un gouvernement travailliste. Sa pensée révéla une tension entre libéralisme et socialisme et le rendit pessimiste pour le futur de la démocratie. (fr) Harold Joseph Laski (lahir, 30 Juni 1893 di Manchester, Inggris - meninggal, 24 Maret 1950 di London) adalah seorang ahli teori politik Inggris, ekonom, penulis, dan juga seorang dosen. Ia juga merupakan anggota terkemuka dari Partai Buruh Inggris yang beralih ke Marxisme, dalam usahanya untuk menafsirkan "krisis demokrasi" di Inggris selama ekonomi tidak stabil pada tahun 1930-an. Laski menempuh pendidikannya di New College, Oxford. Setelah lulus dari New College, Laski mengajar di Universitas McGill pada tahun 1914 sampai 1916, setelah itu Ia mengajar di Universitas Harvard pada tahun 1916 sampai 1920. Kemudian pada tahun 1920, Ia bergabung dengan fakultas dari London School of Economics dan pada tahun 1926 menjadi profesor ilmu politik di sana, posisi yang dipegangnya selama sisa hidupnya. Laski juga merupakan seorang politikus, pada tahun 1922 sampai 1936 Ia merupakan anggota dari komite eksekutif dari Fabian Society, kemudian pada tahun 1936 Laski menjadi anggota komite eksekutif Partai dan menjadi ketua partai pada 1945-1946. Ia juga memegang berbagai jabatan resmi dan setengah resmi pemerintah. Namun, Ia terkenal karena buku-bukunya atau karya-karyanya tentang ilmu politik dan pidato-pidatonya di Inggris dan Amerika Serikat pada tren politik, sosial, dan ekonomi. Secara politis, Laski pindah dari keyakinan awal pluralisme antistatist dengan keyakinan bahwa negara harus memimpin dalam reformasi sosialis. (in) ハロルド・ジョセフ・ラスキ（Harold Joseph Laski、1893年6月30日 - 1950年3月24日）は、多元的国家論を唱えた英国の政治学者。労働党の幹部でもあった。 (ja) 해롤드 조셉 라스키(Harold Joseph Laski, 1893년 6월 30일 ~ 1950년 3월 24일)는 영국의 정치 이론가 이자 경제학자이다. 1945년부터 1946년까지 영국 노동당 의장을 지냈고 1926년부터 1950년까지 런던 정경대 교수를 지냈다. 그는 먼저 노동조합과 같은 지역의 자발적 공동체의 중요성을 강조함으로써 다원주의를 장려했다. 1930년 이후, 그는 노동자 혁명의 필요성을 강조하기 시작했는데, 이는 폭력적일 수 있음을 암시했다. 그의 입장은 비폭력적인 민주주의적 변화를 약속한 노동당 지도자들을 화나게 했다. 폭력을 위협하는 민주주의에 대한 라스키의 입장은 1945년 총선에서 수상 윈스턴 처칠의 추가 공격을 받았고 노동당은 자신의 의장인 라스키를 거부해야 했다. 라스키는 전후 몇 년 동안 마르크스주의에 대한 영국의 가장 영향력 있는 지식인 대변인 중 한 명이었다. 특히 그의 에게 큰 영감을 주었고, 그 중 일부는 나중에 아시아와 아프리카에서 새로 독립한 국가의 지도자가 되었다. 그는 아마도 노동당, 특히 이오시프 스탈린의 소비에트 연방에 대한 신뢰와 희망을 공유한 극좌파에게 있어 가장 저명한 지식인이었을 것이다. 그러나 그는 노동당의 온건한 정치인들로부터 불신을 받았다. 수상 클레멘트 애틀리와 같이 주요 정부 직위나 동료를 받은 적이 없다. 유태인 가정에서 태어난 라스키는 시온주의의 지지자이자 유태인 국가 건설을 지지했다. (ko) Harold Joseph Laski (Manchester, 1893 – Londra, 1950) è stato un politico e politologo inglese docente alla London University, ed esponente del Partito Laburista inglese. (it) Harold Joseph Laski (ur. 30 czerwca 1893 w Manchesterze, zm. 24 marca 1950 w Londynie) – brytyjski politolog, ekonomista, profesor London School of Economics, sekretarz w latach 1945-1946 brytyjskiej Partii Pracy. Po ukończeniu Manchester Grammar School i New College na Uniwersytecie Oksfordzkim w latach 1922-1936 był członkiem komitetu wykonawczego socjalistycznego Towarzystwa Fabiańskiego, a w 1936 został członkiem Komitetu Wykonawczego Partii Pracy. Skromnie określał się jako „płodny publicysta i dziennikarz”. W 1926 r. został mianowany profesorem nauk politycznych w London School of Economics. Jedną z jego najważniejszych książek jest Reflections on the Revolution of Our Time (która jest dedykowana Edwardowi R. Murrowowi znanemu z filmu Good Night and Good Luck). Był także aktywny w amerykańskich kręgach uniwersyteckich. Jego nadzwyczajna 19-letnia przyjaźń z sędzią Sądu Najwyższego Oliverem Wendell Holmesem, rozpoczęta gdy Laski miał 23 a Holmes 75 lat, ukazana jest w 2 tomach korespondencji, opublikowanych w 1953 r. (pl) Гарольд Джозеф Ласкі (англ. Harold Joseph Laski; 30 червня 1893, Манчестер — 24 березня 1950, Лондон) — британський вчений-політолог та політичний теоретик, економіст, викладач, науковий письменник. (uk) Harold Joseph Laski, född 30 juni 1893 i Manchester, död 24 mars 1950 i London, var en brittisk statsvetare och politiker. (sv) Harold Joseph Laski (30 de junho de 1893, Manchester, Inglaterra — 24 de março de 1950, Londres), conhecido como Harold Laski, foi um cientista político e importante líder do Partido Trabalhista Britânico. (pt) Гарольд Джозеф Ласки (англ. Harold Joseph Laski, 30 июня 1893, Манчестер — 24 марта 1950, Лондон) — британский учёный-политолог и политический теоретик, экономист, преподаватель, научный писатель. (ru) 哈罗德·约瑟夫·拉斯基（英語：Harold Joseph Laski，1893年6月30日－1950年3月24日）是英国政治理论家、经济学家。1945-1946年任英国工党主席。1926-1950年任伦敦政治经济学院教授。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Harold Joseph Laski (30 de junio de 1893, en Mánchester - 24 de marzo de 1950, en Londres) fue un teórico marxista, politólogo, economista, escritor y conferencista inglés de origen judío. Es considerado, junto con el también británico, John Stuart Mill, uno de los pocos teóricos de la teoría del Estado en el mundo anglosajón. (es) Harold Joseph Laski (* 30. Juni 1893 in Manchester; † 24. März 1950 in London) war ein britischer Politikwissenschaftler, Ökonom, Autor und Dozent. (de) Harold Joseph Laski (Manchester, Ingalaterra, 1893ko ekainaren 30a - Londres, Ingalaterra, 1950eko martxoaren 24a) britainiar politikaria izan zen. (eu) Harold Joseph Laski (Manchester, 30 juin 1893 – Londres, 24 mars 1950) est un théoricien politique anglais qui fut président du Parti travailliste britannique de 1945 à 1946 et l'un des professeurs les plus célèbres de la London School of Economics, où il enseigna de 1926 à sa mort. Il fut l'un des intellectuels les plus influents de son parti, notamment pour ses membres qui ont pu partager ses espérances en Staline. Il fut néanmoins désavoué par les chefs politiques de son parti dont Clement Attlee et n'eut pas de position au sein d'un gouvernement travailliste. Sa pensée révéla une tension entre libéralisme et socialisme et le rendit pessimiste pour le futur de la démocratie. (fr) ハロルド・ジョセフ・ラスキ（Harold Joseph Laski、1893年6月30日 - 1950年3月24日）は、多元的国家論を唱えた英国の政治学者。労働党の幹部でもあった。 (ja) Harold Joseph Laski (Manchester, 1893 – Londra, 1950) è stato un politico e politologo inglese docente alla London University, ed esponente del Partito Laburista inglese. (it) Гарольд Джозеф Ласкі (англ. Harold Joseph Laski; 30 червня 1893, Манчестер — 24 березня 1950, Лондон) — британський вчений-політолог та політичний теоретик, економіст, викладач, науковий письменник. (uk) Harold Joseph Laski, född 30 juni 1893 i Manchester, död 24 mars 1950 i London, var en brittisk statsvetare och politiker. (sv) Harold Joseph Laski (30 de junho de 1893, Manchester, Inglaterra — 24 de março de 1950, Londres), conhecido como Harold Laski, foi um cientista político e importante líder do Partido Trabalhista Britânico. (pt) Гарольд Джозеф Ласки (англ. Harold Joseph Laski, 30 июня 1893, Манчестер — 24 марта 1950, Лондон) — британский учёный-политолог и политический теоретик, экономист, преподаватель, научный писатель. (ru) 哈罗德·约瑟夫·拉斯基（英語：Harold Joseph Laski，1893年6月30日－1950年3月24日）是英国政治理论家、经济学家。1945-1946年任英国工党主席。1926-1950年任伦敦政治经济学院教授。 (zh) هارولد جوزيف لاسكي (بالإنجليزية: Harold Laski) (ولد في 30 يونيو عام 1893 وتوفي في 24 مارس عام 1950) كان منظرًا سياسيًا أمريكيًا واقتصاديًا. كان نشطاً في السياسة وعمل رئيسًا لحزب العمال البريطاني خلال الفترة بين عامي 1945 و1946 وكان أستاذًا في كلية لندن للاقتصاد بين عامي 1926 و1950. كان أول من شجع على التعددية، مؤكدا على أهمية المجتمعات الطوعية المحلية مثل نقابات العمال. بعد عام 1930 تحول إلى الماركسية، مع تأكيده على الصراع الطبقي والحاجة إلى ثورة العمال التي ألمح إلى أنها قد تكون عنيفة. أغضب موقف لاسكي قادة حزب العمال الذين وعدوا بتحول ديمقراطي سلمي. تعرض موقف لاسكي من الديمقراطية للمزيد من الهجوم من جانب ونستون تشرشل في الانتخابات العامة عام 1945، واضطر حزب العمال إلى التنصل من لاسكي، الذي كان رئيس الحزب. (ar) Harold Joseph Laski (30. června 1893 Manchester – 24. března 1950 Londýn) byl anglický politolog, ekonom a politik židovského původu. V letech 1945–1946 byl předsedou (Chair of National Executive Committee) Britské labouristické strany. Kolem roku 1930 přešel na marxistické pozice a zdůrazňoval nutnost dělnické revoluce, což vyvolalo silnou opozici uvnitř Labour party. Tato situace se opakovala poté, co se stal předsedou strany a postavil se proti němu umírněný lídr strany (což není post totožný s předsednickým) Clement Attlee, který nakonec získal i post premiéra a nikdy Laskiho nepozval do vládního kabinetu. Byl jedním z nejvlivnějších britských reprezentantů marxismu v meziválečných letech, který inspiroval zvláště zahraniční studenty v Londýně, z nichž mnozí se později stali vůdci nově (cs) Harold Joseph Laski (30 June 1893 – 24 March 1950) was an English political theorist and economist. He was active in politics and served as the chairman of the British Labour Party from 1945 to 1946 and was a professor at the London School of Economics from 1926 to 1950. He first promoted pluralism by emphasising the importance of local voluntary communities such as trade unions. After 1930, he began to emphasize the need for a workers' revolution, which he hinted might be violent. Laski's position angered Labour leaders who promised a nonviolent democratic transformation. Laski's position on democracy threatening violence came under further attack from Prime Minister Winston Churchill in the 1945 general election, and the Labour Party had to disavow Laski, its own chairman. (en) Harold Joseph Laski (lahir, 30 Juni 1893 di Manchester, Inggris - meninggal, 24 Maret 1950 di London) adalah seorang ahli teori politik Inggris, ekonom, penulis, dan juga seorang dosen. Ia juga merupakan anggota terkemuka dari Partai Buruh Inggris yang beralih ke Marxisme, dalam usahanya untuk menafsirkan "krisis demokrasi" di Inggris selama ekonomi tidak stabil pada tahun 1930-an. (in) 해롤드 조셉 라스키(Harold Joseph Laski, 1893년 6월 30일 ~ 1950년 3월 24일)는 영국의 정치 이론가 이자 경제학자이다. 1945년부터 1946년까지 영국 노동당 의장을 지냈고 1926년부터 1950년까지 런던 정경대 교수를 지냈다. 그는 먼저 노동조합과 같은 지역의 자발적 공동체의 중요성을 강조함으로써 다원주의를 장려했다. 1930년 이후, 그는 노동자 혁명의 필요성을 강조하기 시작했는데, 이는 폭력적일 수 있음을 암시했다. 그의 입장은 비폭력적인 민주주의적 변화를 약속한 노동당 지도자들을 화나게 했다. 폭력을 위협하는 민주주의에 대한 라스키의 입장은 1945년 총선에서 수상 윈스턴 처칠의 추가 공격을 받았고 노동당은 자신의 의장인 라스키를 거부해야 했다. 유태인 가정에서 태어난 라스키는 시온주의의 지지자이자 유태인 국가 건설을 지지했다. (ko) Harold Joseph Laski (ur. 30 czerwca 1893 w Manchesterze, zm. 24 marca 1950 w Londynie) – brytyjski politolog, ekonomista, profesor London School of Economics, sekretarz w latach 1945-1946 brytyjskiej Partii Pracy. Po ukończeniu Manchester Grammar School i New College na Uniwersytecie Oksfordzkim w latach 1922-1936 był członkiem komitetu wykonawczego socjalistycznego Towarzystwa Fabiańskiego, a w 1936 został członkiem Komitetu Wykonawczego Partii Pracy. Skromnie określał się jako „płodny publicysta i dziennikarz”. (pl) |
| rdfs:label | هارولد لاسكي (ar) Harold Laski (cs) Harold Laski (de) Harold Laski (en) Harold Laski (es) Harold Laski (eu) Harold Joseph Laski (in) Harold Laski (fr) Harold Laski (it) ハロルド・ラスキ (ja) 해롤드 라스키 (ko) Harold Laski (pl) Harold Laski (pt) Ласки, Гарольд (ru) Harold Laski (sv) 哈罗德·拉斯基 (zh) Гарольд Ласкі (uk) |
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