Larry Kramer (original) (raw)
Laurence David „Larry“ Kramer (* 25. Juni 1935 in Bridgeport, Connecticut; † 27. Mai 2020 in New York City) war ein US-amerikanischer Autor, Dramatiker und LGBT-Aktivist. Bekannt wurde er vor allem durch den kontrovers diskutierten Roman Faggots (1978), in dem er das schwule Leben in New York beschrieb, sowie durch das die Auswirkungen der AIDS-Krise thematisierende Theaterstück The Normal Heart.
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| dbo:abstract | لاري كرامر (بالإنجليزية: Larry Kramer) (و. 1935 م) هو كاتبٌ مسرحي، ومؤلف، ومنتج أفلام، ومدافع عن الصحة العامة، وناشط في مجال حقوق مجتمع الميم. بدأ مسيرته المهنية بكتابة السيناريوهات عندما عمل لصالح كولومبيا بيكشرز، الذي قاده إلى لندن حيث عمل مع ينوايند آرتستس. كتب هنالك النص السينمائي لفيلم عام 1969 نساء عاشقات (1969) وحصل على ترشيح لجائزة الأوسكار لعمله. قدَّم أسلوبًا مثيرًا للجدل وماجبهيًا في روايته المثليين (1978)، والتي حصلت على مراجعات مختلطة واستنكارات مشددة من عناصر في مجتمع المثليين لتصوير كرامر لما وصفه بأنه علاقات مثلية سطحية، وفاسقة في سبعينيات القرن العشرين. شهد كرامر انتشار المرض الذي عُرف لاحقًا متلازمة نقص المناعة المكتسبة (ايدز) بين أصدقائه عام 1980. شارك في تأسيس منظمة أزمة صحة الرجال المثليين (جي إم أتش سي)، التي أصبحت ثالث أكبر منظمة خاصة تساعد الناس الذين يعانون من الأيدز في العالم. أُصيب كرامر بالإحباط بسبب الشلل البيروقراطي ولامبالاة الرجال المثليين بأزمة الأيدز، وأراد القيام بنشاطات أكثر من الخدمات الاجتماعية التي وفرتها جي إم أتش سي. عبر عن إحباطه بكتابة مسرحية بعنوان القلب الاعتيادي، أُنتجت في المسرحي العام في مدينة نيويورك عام 1985. استمر نشاطه السياسي بتأسيس تحالف الأيدز لإطلاق القوة (آكت أب) عام 1987، وهي منظمة احتجاجية ذات عمل مباشر ومؤثرة تهدف إلى الحصول على المزيد من العمل العام لمكافحة أزمة الإيدز. يُنسب الفضل على نطاق واسع إلى آكت أب لتغيير سياسية الصحة العامة وتفهم الناس الذين يعيشون مصابين بالإيدز، ورفع الوعي بخصوص الأمراض المرتبطة بالأتش آي فّي والأيدز. وصل كرامر إلى نهائيات جائزة بولتزير عن مسرحيته مصيري (1992)، وهو حاصل على جائزة أوبي لمرتين. (ar) Laurence David „Larry“ Kramer (* 25. Juni 1935 in Bridgeport, Connecticut; † 27. Mai 2020 in New York City) war ein US-amerikanischer Autor, Dramatiker und LGBT-Aktivist. Bekannt wurde er vor allem durch den kontrovers diskutierten Roman Faggots (1978), in dem er das schwule Leben in New York beschrieb, sowie durch das die Auswirkungen der AIDS-Krise thematisierende Theaterstück The Normal Heart. (de) Larry Kramer (Bridgeport, Connecticut, 25 de junio de 1935 - Manhattan, Nueva York, 27 de mayo de 2020) fue un escritor, productor de cine y activista gay estadounidense. Comenzó su carrera reescribiendo guiones para Columbia Pictures, lo que le llevó a Londres, donde trabajó para United Artists. En Londres escribió el guion para la película Mujeres enamoradas (1969), por el que consiguió una nominación al Óscar. Kramer introdujo un estilo polémico y beligerante en su novela de 1978 (Maricones). El libro generó críticas desiguales, pero una enfática denuncia desde elementos de la comunidad gay por su retrato parcial de las relaciones homosexuales en la década de 1970 como superficiales y promiscuas. Kramer fue testigo directo de la aparición y avance de la enfermedad que más tarde se denominaría síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA) entre sus amigos a inicios de la década de 1980. Fue cofundador de Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC), que se ha convertido en una de las mayores organizaciones privadas del mundo que ayuda a personas con sida. Kramer, cada vez más frustrado con la parálisis burocrática y la apatía de los hombres homosexuales frente a la crisis del sida en los Estados Unidos, pensó en llevar su activismo más allá de los servicios sociales que ofrecía el GMHC. Expresó esa frustración escribiendo la obra de teatro The Normal Heart, estrenada en el en Nueva York en 1985. Su activismo político continuó con la fundación de AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) en 1987, una influyente organización de protesta por acción directa, que tenía como objetivo sensibilizar la atención del público para luchar contra la crisis del sida. ACT UP ha contribuido decisivamente al cambio de la política sanitaria y la percepción de las enfermos de sida en Estados Unidos, además de generar una gran conciencia entorno al VIH y las enfermedades relacionadas con el sida. Kramer fue finalista del Premio Pulitzer por su obra de teatro The Destiny of Me (1992) y recibió en dos ocasiones el Premio Obie. Kramer residió en Manhattan y Connecticut. (es) Laurence David Kramer (June 25, 1935 – May 27, 2020) was an American playwright, author, film producer, public health advocate, and gay rights activist. He began his career rewriting scripts while working for Columbia Pictures, which led him to London, where he worked with United Artists. There he wrote the screenplay for the film Women in Love (1969) and received an Academy Award nomination for his work. In 1978, Kramer introduced a controversial and confrontational style in his novel Faggots, which earned mixed reviews and emphatic denunciations from elements within the gay community for Kramer's portrayal of what he characterized as shallow, promiscuous gay relationships in the 1970s. Kramer witnessed the spread of the disease later known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) among his friends in 1980. He co-founded the Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC), which has become the world's largest private organization assisting people living with AIDS. Kramer grew frustrated with bureaucratic paralysis and the apathy of gay men to the AIDS crisis, and wished to engage in further action than the social services GMHC provided. He expressed his frustration by writing a play titled The Normal Heart, produced at The Public Theater in New York City in 1985. His political activism continued with the founding of the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) in 1987, an influential direct action protest organization with the aim of gaining more public action to fight the AIDS crisis. ACT UP has been widely credited with changing public health policy and the perception of people living with AIDS, and with raising awareness of HIV and AIDS-related diseases. Kramer was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for his play The Destiny of Me (1992), and he was a two-time recipient of the Obie Award. (en) Laurence David Kramer (25 Juni 1935 – 27 Mei 2020) adalah seorang pembuat sandiwara, pengarang, produser film, advokat kesehatan masyarakat dan aktivis hak LGBT asal Amerika Serikat. Ia memulai karirnya dengan menulis ulang naskah-naskah saat berkarya untuk Columbia Pictures, yang membuatnya didatangkan ke London, dimana ia berkarya dengan United Artists. (in) Larry Kramer est un écrivain et scénariste américain né le 25 juin 1935 à Bridgeport (Connecticut) et mort le 27 mai 2020 à Manhattan (New York). Il s'est particulièrement fait remarquer en tant que militant pour les droits des homosexuels et contre le sida. (fr) Larry Kramer (Bridgeport, 25 giugno 1935 – New York, 27 maggio 2020) è stato un drammaturgo, saggista e attivista statunitense. (it) 로렌스 데이비드 크레이머(Laurence David Kramer, 1935년 6월 25일 ~ 2020년 5월 27일), 또는 래리 크레이머(Larry Kramer)는 미국의 극작가, 작가, 영화 제작가, 공중 보건 옹호가이자 LGBT 인권 운동가였다. 그는 컬럼비아 픽쳐스에서 일하면서 대본을 검토하는 일을 시작했으며, 이후 런던으로 가서 유나이티드 아티스츠에서 일했다. 이곳에서 크레이머는 영화 《사랑하는 여인들》의 각본을 썼고 아카데미 각색상 후보에 올랐다. 크레이머는 친구들 사이에서 후천성면역결핍증후군이라는 질병이 확산되는 것을 보았고, 1980년에 GMHC(Gay Men's Health Crisis, 남성 동성애자 건강 위기 지원센터)를 공동 설립했다. 크레이머는 에이즈 위기에 대한 정치인들과 게이들의 무관심에 좌절했고 GMHC가 제공하는 사회 서비스보다 더 많은 조직이 조치에 참여하기를 원해 호전적으로 대응했다. 그러나 크레이머는 다른 이사회에게 비판을 받은 후 GMHC에서 쫓겨났고, 그는 이후 이 좌절감을 1985년 뉴욕 국립극장에서 제작된 연극 《노멀 하트》(The Normal Heart)를 통해 표현했다. 크레이머는 1987년에 액트 업(AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power, ACT UP)을 설립하여 공중 보건 정책과 에이즈 환자의 사회적 인식을 변화시키고 HIV와 에이즈 관련 질병을 알리는 데 널리 기여했다고 평가받았으며, 크레이머는 그의 작품 《The Destiny of Me》으로 오비상을 두 번 수상했다. 이후 그는 2020년 5월 27일에 84세에 폐렴으로 인해 세상을 떠났다. (ko) Laurence David "Larry" Kramer (Bridgeport, Connecticut, 25 juni 1935 – Manhattan (New York), 27 mei 2020) was een Amerikaans (toneel)schrijver en homoactivist. Hij werd genomineerd voor een Academy Award voor het scenario van de film Women in Love, was finalist voor een Pulitzer-prijs en ontving tweemaal een . Als antwoord op de aids-crisis richtte hij op, de grootste organisatie van haar soort op de wereld. Hij schreef The Normal Heart, het eerste serieuze artistieke onderzoek naar de aids-crisis. Hij richtte later op, een protestorganisatie die staat voor het veranderen van het volksgezondheidbeleid en de openbare van hiv en aids. Zelf leed hij sinds eind jaren tachtig aan hiv. Kramer trouwde in 2013 met David Webster. Kramer overleed in 2020 aan een longontsteking. (nl) Ла́рри Кра́мер (англ. Larry Kramer; 25 июня 1935[…], Бриджпорт, Коннектикут — 27 мая 2020, Нью-Йорк, Нью-Йорк) — американский драматург, сценарист и активист. Крамер начинал свою карьеру работником студии Columbia Pictures, вскоре после чего был нанят для работы над сценарием экранизации романа Д. Г. Лоуренса «Влюблённые женщины», принёсшим ему номинации на премии «Оскар», BAFTA и Гильдии сценаристов США. В последующие годы Крамер добился широкой известности благодаря роману «Гомики» (1978), получившем в своё время негативные отклики среди ЛГБТ-сообщества, однако ставшим одним из самых продаваемых и влиятельных романов на гей-тематику. В начале 1980-х годов Крамер стал известен как СПИД-активист и, на фоне разраставшейся эпидемии ВИЧ/СПИДа, соосновал организацию «Кризис здоровья у гомосексуалов». Спустя некоторое время он, однако, был вытеснен из совета организации ввиду несогласия других членов с его методами активизма. ВИЧ-эпидемия нашла отражение в пьесе Крамера «Обыкновенное сердце», на основе которой он позже написал сценарий для одноимённого фильма. В 1987 году Крамер выступил одним из сооснователей политической группы ACT UP. 27 мая 2020 года Крамер скончался в результате пневмонии. Ему было 84 года. (ru) Laurence David Kramer, född i Bridgeport 25 juni 1935, död i New York 27 maj 2020, känd som Larry Kramer, var en amerikansk dramatiker, roman- och manusförfattare samt en tongivande hiv- och hbtq-aktivist från och med 1980-talet, då han bland annat var med och grundade organisationen ACT UP. (sv) Larry Kramer (Bridgeport, 25 de junho de 1935 - Nova Iorque, 27 de maio de 2020) foi um dramaturgo, autor, produtor de cinema, advogado de saúde pública e ativista de direitos LGBT. Começou sua carreira reescrevendo scripts enquanto trabalhava na Columbia Pictures, que o levou a Londres, onde trabalhou com a United Artists. Lá, ele escreveu o roteiro do filme de 1969 Women in Love (1969) e ganhou uma indicação ao Oscar por seu trabalho. Kramer introduziu um estilo controverso e de confronto em seu romance (1978), que ganhou críticas mistas e denúncias enfáticas de elementos dentro da comunidade gay pela interpretação de Kramer do que ele caracterizou como relacionamentos homossexuais superficiais e promíscuos na década de 1970. Kramer testemunhou a propagação da doença mais tarde conhecida como Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS) entre seus amigos em 1980. Co-fundou a (GMHC), que se tornou a maior organização privada do mundo, ajudando pessoas que vivem com AIDS. Kramer ficou frustrado com a paralisia burocrática e a apatia dos gays pela crise da Aids e desejou se engajar em mais ações do que os serviços sociais fornecidos pelo GMHC. Ele expressou sua frustração ao escrever uma peça intitulada The Normal Heart, produzida no em Nova Iorque em 1985. Seu ativismo político continuou com a fundação da AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) em 1987, uma influente organização de protesto de ação direta com o objetivo de obter mais ações públicas para combater a crise da aids. O ACT UP foi amplamente creditada pela mudança nas políticas de saúde pública e pela percepção das pessoas que vivem com AIDS, além de aumentar a conscientização sobre o HIV e as doenças relacionadas à AIDS. Kramer foi finalista do Prêmio Pulitzer por sua peça (1992), e recebeu duas vezes o . (pt) |
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| dbo:relative | dbr:Arthur_Kramer |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Larry_Kramer_2010_Photo_-_David_Shankbone.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://web.archive.org/web/20060221073017/http:/williamapercy.com/pub-Outing.htm https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/11/resources/1759 https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-507-pc2t43jx3h%23at_2382.850372_s https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/a-vivid-1983-reminder-of-initial-aids-scare-264433219509 |
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| dbp:date | June 2021 (en) |
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| dbp:education | Yale University (en) |
| dbp:name | Larry Kramer (en) |
| dbp:occupation | (en) playwright (en) Screenwriter (en) essayist (en) novelist (en) |
| dbp:reason | blogs are not ideal sources (en) |
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| dbp:spouse | 2013 (xsd:integer) (en) David Webster (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Laurence David „Larry“ Kramer (* 25. Juni 1935 in Bridgeport, Connecticut; † 27. Mai 2020 in New York City) war ein US-amerikanischer Autor, Dramatiker und LGBT-Aktivist. Bekannt wurde er vor allem durch den kontrovers diskutierten Roman Faggots (1978), in dem er das schwule Leben in New York beschrieb, sowie durch das die Auswirkungen der AIDS-Krise thematisierende Theaterstück The Normal Heart. (de) Laurence David Kramer (25 Juni 1935 – 27 Mei 2020) adalah seorang pembuat sandiwara, pengarang, produser film, advokat kesehatan masyarakat dan aktivis hak LGBT asal Amerika Serikat. Ia memulai karirnya dengan menulis ulang naskah-naskah saat berkarya untuk Columbia Pictures, yang membuatnya didatangkan ke London, dimana ia berkarya dengan United Artists. (in) Larry Kramer est un écrivain et scénariste américain né le 25 juin 1935 à Bridgeport (Connecticut) et mort le 27 mai 2020 à Manhattan (New York). Il s'est particulièrement fait remarquer en tant que militant pour les droits des homosexuels et contre le sida. (fr) Larry Kramer (Bridgeport, 25 giugno 1935 – New York, 27 maggio 2020) è stato un drammaturgo, saggista e attivista statunitense. (it) Laurence David Kramer, född i Bridgeport 25 juni 1935, död i New York 27 maj 2020, känd som Larry Kramer, var en amerikansk dramatiker, roman- och manusförfattare samt en tongivande hiv- och hbtq-aktivist från och med 1980-talet, då han bland annat var med och grundade organisationen ACT UP. (sv) لاري كرامر (بالإنجليزية: Larry Kramer) (و. 1935 م) هو كاتبٌ مسرحي، ومؤلف، ومنتج أفلام، ومدافع عن الصحة العامة، وناشط في مجال حقوق مجتمع الميم. بدأ مسيرته المهنية بكتابة السيناريوهات عندما عمل لصالح كولومبيا بيكشرز، الذي قاده إلى لندن حيث عمل مع ينوايند آرتستس. كتب هنالك النص السينمائي لفيلم عام 1969 نساء عاشقات (1969) وحصل على ترشيح لجائزة الأوسكار لعمله. قدَّم أسلوبًا مثيرًا للجدل وماجبهيًا في روايته المثليين (1978)، والتي حصلت على مراجعات مختلطة واستنكارات مشددة من عناصر في مجتمع المثليين لتصوير كرامر لما وصفه بأنه علاقات مثلية سطحية، وفاسقة في سبعينيات القرن العشرين. (ar) Laurence David Kramer (June 25, 1935 – May 27, 2020) was an American playwright, author, film producer, public health advocate, and gay rights activist. He began his career rewriting scripts while working for Columbia Pictures, which led him to London, where he worked with United Artists. There he wrote the screenplay for the film Women in Love (1969) and received an Academy Award nomination for his work. Kramer was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for his play The Destiny of Me (1992), and he was a two-time recipient of the Obie Award. (en) Larry Kramer (Bridgeport, Connecticut, 25 de junio de 1935 - Manhattan, Nueva York, 27 de mayo de 2020) fue un escritor, productor de cine y activista gay estadounidense. Comenzó su carrera reescribiendo guiones para Columbia Pictures, lo que le llevó a Londres, donde trabajó para United Artists. En Londres escribió el guion para la película Mujeres enamoradas (1969), por el que consiguió una nominación al Óscar. Kramer introdujo un estilo polémico y beligerante en su novela de 1978 (Maricones). El libro generó críticas desiguales, pero una enfática denuncia desde elementos de la comunidad gay por su retrato parcial de las relaciones homosexuales en la década de 1970 como superficiales y promiscuas. (es) 로렌스 데이비드 크레이머(Laurence David Kramer, 1935년 6월 25일 ~ 2020년 5월 27일), 또는 래리 크레이머(Larry Kramer)는 미국의 극작가, 작가, 영화 제작가, 공중 보건 옹호가이자 LGBT 인권 운동가였다. 그는 컬럼비아 픽쳐스에서 일하면서 대본을 검토하는 일을 시작했으며, 이후 런던으로 가서 유나이티드 아티스츠에서 일했다. 이곳에서 크레이머는 영화 《사랑하는 여인들》의 각본을 썼고 아카데미 각색상 후보에 올랐다. 크레이머는 친구들 사이에서 후천성면역결핍증후군이라는 질병이 확산되는 것을 보았고, 1980년에 GMHC(Gay Men's Health Crisis, 남성 동성애자 건강 위기 지원센터)를 공동 설립했다. 크레이머는 에이즈 위기에 대한 정치인들과 게이들의 무관심에 좌절했고 GMHC가 제공하는 사회 서비스보다 더 많은 조직이 조치에 참여하기를 원해 호전적으로 대응했다. 그러나 크레이머는 다른 이사회에게 비판을 받은 후 GMHC에서 쫓겨났고, 그는 이후 이 좌절감을 1985년 뉴욕 국립극장에서 제작된 연극 《노멀 하트》(The Normal Heart)를 통해 표현했다. (ko) Laurence David "Larry" Kramer (Bridgeport, Connecticut, 25 juni 1935 – Manhattan (New York), 27 mei 2020) was een Amerikaans (toneel)schrijver en homoactivist. Hij werd genomineerd voor een Academy Award voor het scenario van de film Women in Love, was finalist voor een Pulitzer-prijs en ontving tweemaal een . Als antwoord op de aids-crisis richtte hij op, de grootste organisatie van haar soort op de wereld. Hij schreef The Normal Heart, het eerste serieuze artistieke onderzoek naar de aids-crisis. Hij richtte later op, een protestorganisatie die staat voor het veranderen van het volksgezondheidbeleid en de openbare van hiv en aids. Zelf leed hij sinds eind jaren tachtig aan hiv. (nl) Larry Kramer (Bridgeport, 25 de junho de 1935 - Nova Iorque, 27 de maio de 2020) foi um dramaturgo, autor, produtor de cinema, advogado de saúde pública e ativista de direitos LGBT. Começou sua carreira reescrevendo scripts enquanto trabalhava na Columbia Pictures, que o levou a Londres, onde trabalhou com a United Artists. Lá, ele escreveu o roteiro do filme de 1969 Women in Love (1969) e ganhou uma indicação ao Oscar por seu trabalho. Kramer introduziu um estilo controverso e de confronto em seu romance (1978), que ganhou críticas mistas e denúncias enfáticas de elementos dentro da comunidade gay pela interpretação de Kramer do que ele caracterizou como relacionamentos homossexuais superficiais e promíscuos na década de 1970. (pt) Ла́рри Кра́мер (англ. Larry Kramer; 25 июня 1935[…], Бриджпорт, Коннектикут — 27 мая 2020, Нью-Йорк, Нью-Йорк) — американский драматург, сценарист и активист. Крамер начинал свою карьеру работником студии Columbia Pictures, вскоре после чего был нанят для работы над сценарием экранизации романа Д. Г. Лоуренса «Влюблённые женщины», принёсшим ему номинации на премии «Оскар», BAFTA и Гильдии сценаристов США. В последующие годы Крамер добился широкой известности благодаря роману «Гомики» (1978), получившем в своё время негативные отклики среди ЛГБТ-сообщества, однако ставшим одним из самых продаваемых и влиятельных романов на гей-тематику. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Larry Kramer (en) لاري كرامر (ar) Larry Kramer (de) Larry Kramer (es) Larry Kramer (in) Larry Kramer (fr) Larry Kramer (it) 래리 크레이머 (ko) Larry Kramer (nl) Larry Kramer (pt) Крамер, Ларри (ru) Larry Kramer (sv) 拉里·克莱默 (zh) |
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