Chindits (original) (raw)

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チンディット(Chindits)は、第二次世界大戦(太平洋戦争)のビルマの戦いにおいて、1943年 - 1944年中にビルマやインドで活動したイギリス領インドの特殊部隊である。彼らはオード・ウィンゲートが新しく開発したを戦術に反映させるために作られた部隊である。ウィンゲート旅団とも呼ばれる チンディットは日本側前線の背後深くへ長駆浸透して、日本軍の部隊や施設、通信線を攻撃するよう創設された、その作戦では、極めて困難な地形で長期間にわたり行動すること、そして補給を満足に受けられない諸部隊がしばしばマラリアや赤痢などの疫病によって弱体化していたことが特筆される。 その非常に高い死傷率や軍事的価値と成果に異論があり、長く議論の対象になっている。

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dbo:abstract Die Chindits waren eine Spezialeinheit aus britischen und indischen Truppen, die während des Zweiten Weltkriegs im Rahmen des Pazifikkriegs in Burma operierte. Offiziell waren die Bezeichnungen für die Einheit 77. Indische Infanteriebrigade (1943) und 3. Indische Infanteriedivision (1944). Ihre Hauptaufgabe bestand in der Ausführung weiträumiger Umgehungsoperationen hinter den japanischen Linien. Die meisten Soldaten der Chindits waren aus Einheiten der britischen sowie aus Gurkha-Einheiten der britisch-indischen Armee abkommandiert worden. Einheimische Burmesen dienten als Kundschafter und einige US-amerikanische Soldaten unterstützten die Chindits bei den Nachschublieferungen über Land oder aus der Luft. (de) The Chindits, officially as Long Range Penetration Groups, were special operations units of the British and Indian armies which saw action in 1943–1944 during the Burma Campaign of World War II. The British Army Brigadier Orde Wingate formed the Chindits for raiding operations against the Imperial Japanese Army, especially long-range penetration, attacking Japanese troops, facilities and lines of communication deep behind Japanese lines. Their operations featured long marches through extremely difficult terrain, undertaken by underfed troops often weakened by diseases such as malaria and dysentery. Controversy persists over the extremely high casualty-rate and the debatable military value of the achievements of the Chindits. (en) Les Chindits sont une force militaire de l'Armée du Royaume-Uni, active durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale sous les appellations officielles de 77th Indian Infantry Brigade (en 1943) et de Indian 3rd Infantry Division (en 1944). Ils étaient formés et conduits par le général Orde Charles Wingate. Les Chindits opéraient loin derrière la ligne de front durant la campagne de Birmanie, pour semer le désordre et inspirer un sentiment d’insécurité auprès des forces japonaises qui circulaient de la Chine à l'Inde sur le continent. Les Chindits dépendaient totalement du ravitaillement par parachutage. Il y a eu deux expéditions de Chindits en Birmanie, la première était en février de 1943 avec l’opération Longcloth composée d’une force de 3 000 hommes qui ont marché dans la jungle sur 1 600 km durant toute la campagne. La deuxième expédition était l’opération Thursday au mois de mars 1944 qui était à une échelle plus grande encore. C’était la deuxième plus grande opération aéroportée d’invasion de la guerre effectuée par 20 000 troupiers britanniques et ceux du Commonwealth avec le soutien du Air Commando de Philip Cochran de l’USAAF. Peu de semaines après le lancement de cette opération, Wingate a été tué dans l’accident de son avion de service. La procédure des Chindits différait de celle des commandos britanniques qui opéraient par petits groupes et dont la plus grosse opération fut le raid sur Saint-Nazaire. Les Chindits, eux, pratiquaient l'assaut à grande échelle. (fr) Chindit, secara resmi dikenal sebagai Kelompok Penerobosan Jarak Jauh, adalah unit dari angkatan darat Britania dan India, yang terlibat aksi pada tahun 1943–1944, selama Kampanye Burma dalam Perang Dunia II. Kreasi dari Brigadir Angkatan Darat Britania, Chindit dibentuk untuk operasi terhadap Angkatan Darat Kekaisaran Jepang, khususnya : menyerang pasukan, fasilitas, dan Jepang, jauh di belakang garis Jepang. Operasi mereka ditandai dengan pawai yang berkepanjangan melalui medan yang sangat sulit, oleh pasukan yang kurang makan yang sering diperlemah oleh penyakit seperti malaria dan disentri. Terdapat kontroversi mengenai tingkat korban sangat tinggi dan nilai militer yang diragukan dari pencapaian para Chindit. (in) チンディット(Chindits)は、第二次世界大戦(太平洋戦争)のビルマの戦いにおいて、1943年 - 1944年中にビルマやインドで活動したイギリス領インドの特殊部隊である。彼らはオード・ウィンゲートが新しく開発したを戦術に反映させるために作られた部隊である。ウィンゲート旅団とも呼ばれる チンディットは日本側前線の背後深くへ長駆浸透して、日本軍の部隊や施設、通信線を攻撃するよう創設された、その作戦では、極めて困難な地形で長期間にわたり行動すること、そして補給を満足に受けられない諸部隊がしばしばマラリアや赤痢などの疫病によって弱体化していたことが特筆される。 その非常に高い死傷率や軍事的価値と成果に異論があり、長く議論の対象になっている。 (ja) I Chindits ( ufficialmente 3rd Indian Infantry Division) furono un'unità di forze speciali dell'British Indian Army delle forze armate britanniche nell'India britannica. Fu attiva in Birmania e India nel 1943-1944 durante la Campagna della Birmania nel corso della Seconda guerra mondiale. Furono costituiti per porre in pratica la tattica di guerriglia e di penetrazione a lungo raggio innovativamente sviluppata da Orde Charles Wingate. I Chindits erano addestrati a operare dietro le linee giapponesi e le loro operazioni erano contraddistinte da prolungate marce attraverso terreni estremamente difficili, eseguite da truppe nutrite in modo inadeguato, indebolite da malattie quali la malaria e la dissenteria. La valutazione tecnica della forza è sempre stata controversa, sia per l'elevatissimo tasso di perdite umane, sia per la controversa efficacia militare dei risultati da essa conseguiti. (it) Os Chindits (oficialmente, em 1943, Brigada de Infantaria 77 Índico e, em 1944, 3 ª Divisão de Infantaria indiana) foram uma "força especial" da Índia britânica que serviu na Birmânia (atual Myanmar) e na Índia, em 1943 e 1944, durante a Campanha da Birmânia na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Eram treinados como grupos de penetração de longo alcance para operar profundamente atrás das linhas japonesas. As operações foram marcadas por marchas prolongadas em terreno extremamente difícil, com tropas subnutridas, enfraquecidas por doenças como a malária e disenteria. Os Chindits foram fruto da criatividade do comandante do exército britânico Orde Wingate na Segunda Guerra Mundial. A contínua controvérsia sobre a força tem-se centrado em torno da taxa de acidentes extremamente elevada que sofreu e o discutível valor militar de suas realizações. (pt) Chindits eller Chinditerna är ett smeknamn för de brittiska styrkor, främst '77th Indian Infantry Brigade' och 'Indian 3rd Infantry Division', som mellan 1942 och 1945 stred bakom japanernas linjer på Burmafronten under andra världskriget. Chindits bildades på mycket kort tid med avsikten att störa de japanska styrkornas underhållslinjer i Burma. Förbandets grundare, Orde Wingate, hade 1940–1941 stridit i Östafrika med fjärrpatruller som stört italienska trupper genom anfall bakom fiendens linjer. Wingate förflyttades därefter till Burma där han övertygade den brittiska militärledningen om att försöka bryta de japanska framgångarna i Burma genom att upprätta särskilda fjärrpatruller som kunde störa de japanska underhållslinjerna. Chindits stridshandlingar kom framförallt att röra sig om två längre operationer, Operation Longcloth 1943 och Operation Thursday 1944. Namnet Chindits är lånat från ett mytologiskt djur kallat Chinthé alt. Chinthay som härrör ur folksägner från trakten av Myanmar. Eftersom förbanden stred bakom fiendens linjer under långa tidsperioder, då hygienen ofta blev lidande, hade många av soldaterna lång skäggstubb när de kom tillbaks – skäggstubb eller skägg kom därför att bli ett karaktärsdrag för Chindit-förbanden i medierapporteringen. (sv) Czindici (pol. duchy dżungli, ang. Chindits) – specjalna formacja powstała z żołnierzy brytyjskich i hinduskich przeznaczone do działań rajdowych na terenach okupowanych przez przeciwnika, działających w czasie II wojny światowej w ramach wojny na Pacyfiku w Birmie w głębi terenów zajętych przez Japończyków. 4 batalion z 10 regimentu gurkhijskiego był trzonem tzw. oddziałów chinditów, gdzie walczył m.in. w bitwie pod Imphalem.Podobną jednostkę Oddział Wydzielony 5307 znany jako Maruderzy Merrilla utworzyli Amerykanie. Oficjalną nazwą jednostki czinditów była 77 Hinduska Brygada Piechoty (1943) i 3 Hinduska Dywizja Piechoty (1944). Ich nazwa pochodzi od figur lwów strzegących świątynie w języku birmańskim. Stał się on też znakiem formacji. Powstało sześć brygad, w tym jedna 3. Brygada Zachodnioafrykańska „Thunder” złożona z Nigeryjczyków. Grupy były poddane bardzo trudnym, forsownym ćwiczeniom w dżungli w porze monsunowej. Uczono ich tajników przeżycia w dżungli, przekraczania rzek, obsługi zwierząt jucznych i walki w dżungli. Ich dowódcą został generał brygady Orde Wingate, który w tym czasie sporządził dokładne mapy północnej Birmy. Brygada była dzielona na kolumny marszowe składające się z ok. 300–400 żołnierzy. Każdej kolumnie obok Brytyjczyków i hindusów towarzyszyli strzelcy birmańscy. W lutym 1943 czindici przedostali się na głębokie tyły wojsk japońskich, a następnie dokonując dywersji wysadzając linie kolejowe, niszcząc kolumny transportowe wycofywali się w kierunku terenów pod kontrolą brytyjską. Nie brali jeńców. Własnych rannych pozostawiali w dżungli z manierką wody, karabinem z kilkoma nabojami i granatem. Czasami dobijano własnych ciężko rannych, żeby uchronić ich przed torturami po dostaniu się w ręce wroga. (pl)
dbo:activeYearsEndYear 1945-01-01 (xsd:gYear)
dbo:activeYearsStartYear 1942-01-01 (xsd:gYear)
dbo:battle dbr:Burma_Campaign
dbo:country dbr:British_Raj
dbo:garrison dbr:Jhansi
dbo:identificationSymbol 200px
dbo:militaryBranch dbr:Army_of_India
dbo:militaryUnitSize 9,000 to 12,000
dbo:motto 9 Gorkha ho ki hoina
dbo:notableCommander dbr:Orde_Wingate dbr:Walter_David_Alexander_Lentaigne
dbo:role Close-quarters combat Direct action Forward observer Jungle warfare Raiding Special operations Special reconnaissance Urban warfare Long-range penetration
dbo:thumbnail wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Chindit_column,_Operation_Longcloth.jpg?width=300
dbo:type dbr:Special_forces
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dbp:battles Burma Campaign of World War II (en)
dbp:branch dbr:Army_of_India
dbp:caption A Chindit column crosses a river in Burma; men suffering from dysentery often went naked. (en)
dbp:country British India (en)
dbp:date 2010-12-04 (xsd:date)
dbp:dates 1942 (xsd:integer)
dbp:decorations Four members awarded the Victoria Cross (en)
dbp:garrison Jhansi, India (en)
dbp:identificationSymbol 200 (xsd:integer)
dbp:identificationSymbolLabel Formation sign of the Chindits (en)
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dbp:motto 9 (xsd:integer)
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dbp:unitName Chindits (en)
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rdfs:comment チンディット(Chindits)は、第二次世界大戦(太平洋戦争)のビルマの戦いにおいて、1943年 - 1944年中にビルマやインドで活動したイギリス領インドの特殊部隊である。彼らはオード・ウィンゲートが新しく開発したを戦術に反映させるために作られた部隊である。ウィンゲート旅団とも呼ばれる チンディットは日本側前線の背後深くへ長駆浸透して、日本軍の部隊や施設、通信線を攻撃するよう創設された、その作戦では、極めて困難な地形で長期間にわたり行動すること、そして補給を満足に受けられない諸部隊がしばしばマラリアや赤痢などの疫病によって弱体化していたことが特筆される。 その非常に高い死傷率や軍事的価値と成果に異論があり、長く議論の対象になっている。 (ja) The Chindits, officially as Long Range Penetration Groups, were special operations units of the British and Indian armies which saw action in 1943–1944 during the Burma Campaign of World War II. The British Army Brigadier Orde Wingate formed the Chindits for raiding operations against the Imperial Japanese Army, especially long-range penetration, attacking Japanese troops, facilities and lines of communication deep behind Japanese lines. (en) Die Chindits waren eine Spezialeinheit aus britischen und indischen Truppen, die während des Zweiten Weltkriegs im Rahmen des Pazifikkriegs in Burma operierte. Offiziell waren die Bezeichnungen für die Einheit 77. Indische Infanteriebrigade (1943) und 3. Indische Infanteriedivision (1944). Ihre Hauptaufgabe bestand in der Ausführung weiträumiger Umgehungsoperationen hinter den japanischen Linien. (de) Les Chindits sont une force militaire de l'Armée du Royaume-Uni, active durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale sous les appellations officielles de 77th Indian Infantry Brigade (en 1943) et de Indian 3rd Infantry Division (en 1944). La procédure des Chindits différait de celle des commandos britanniques qui opéraient par petits groupes et dont la plus grosse opération fut le raid sur Saint-Nazaire. Les Chindits, eux, pratiquaient l'assaut à grande échelle. (fr) Chindit, secara resmi dikenal sebagai Kelompok Penerobosan Jarak Jauh, adalah unit dari angkatan darat Britania dan India, yang terlibat aksi pada tahun 1943–1944, selama Kampanye Burma dalam Perang Dunia II. Kreasi dari Brigadir Angkatan Darat Britania, Chindit dibentuk untuk operasi terhadap Angkatan Darat Kekaisaran Jepang, khususnya : menyerang pasukan, fasilitas, dan Jepang, jauh di belakang garis Jepang. (in) I Chindits ( ufficialmente 3rd Indian Infantry Division) furono un'unità di forze speciali dell'British Indian Army delle forze armate britanniche nell'India britannica. Fu attiva in Birmania e India nel 1943-1944 durante la Campagna della Birmania nel corso della Seconda guerra mondiale. Furono costituiti per porre in pratica la tattica di guerriglia e di penetrazione a lungo raggio innovativamente sviluppata da Orde Charles Wingate. I Chindits erano addestrati a operare dietro le linee giapponesi e le loro operazioni erano contraddistinte da prolungate marce attraverso terreni estremamente difficili, eseguite da truppe nutrite in modo inadeguato, indebolite da malattie quali la malaria e la dissenteria. (it) Czindici (pol. duchy dżungli, ang. Chindits) – specjalna formacja powstała z żołnierzy brytyjskich i hinduskich przeznaczone do działań rajdowych na terenach okupowanych przez przeciwnika, działających w czasie II wojny światowej w ramach wojny na Pacyfiku w Birmie w głębi terenów zajętych przez Japończyków. 4 batalion z 10 regimentu gurkhijskiego był trzonem tzw. oddziałów chinditów, gdzie walczył m.in. w bitwie pod Imphalem.Podobną jednostkę Oddział Wydzielony 5307 znany jako Maruderzy Merrilla utworzyli Amerykanie. (pl) Os Chindits (oficialmente, em 1943, Brigada de Infantaria 77 Índico e, em 1944, 3 ª Divisão de Infantaria indiana) foram uma "força especial" da Índia britânica que serviu na Birmânia (atual Myanmar) e na Índia, em 1943 e 1944, durante a Campanha da Birmânia na Segunda Guerra Mundial. A contínua controvérsia sobre a força tem-se centrado em torno da taxa de acidentes extremamente elevada que sofreu e o discutível valor militar de suas realizações. (pt) Chindits eller Chinditerna är ett smeknamn för de brittiska styrkor, främst '77th Indian Infantry Brigade' och 'Indian 3rd Infantry Division', som mellan 1942 och 1945 stred bakom japanernas linjer på Burmafronten under andra världskriget. Chindits stridshandlingar kom framförallt att röra sig om två längre operationer, Operation Longcloth 1943 och Operation Thursday 1944. (sv)
rdfs:label Chindits (en) Chindits (de) Chindit (in) Chindits (it) Chindits (fr) チンディット (ja) Czindici (pl) Chindits (pt) Chindits (sv)
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foaf:name Chindits (Long Range Penetration Groups) (en)
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