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Una ciutat-prefectura (en xinès: 地级市, pinyin: dìjí shì, literalment 'ciutat a nivell de prefectura'), de vegades traduït gairebé directament com a «ciutat a nivell de prefectura» o «municipi a nivell de prefectura», és una divisió administrativa de la República Popular de la Xina que se situa al segon nivell de l'estructura político-administrativa: Per sota del nivell provincial i per sobre del nivell de comtat. És la divisió més freqüent d'aquest segon nivell, amb 283 ciutats-prefectura l'any 2005, que també inclou les , i . Una ciutat-prefectura sol ser un centre urbà envoltat d'una àmplia zona rural en la qual hi ha també més ciutats, localitats i pobles, la qual cosa en occident sol considerar-se l'àrea metropolitana o aglomeració urbana. Són moltes les ciutats que tenen el mateix nom que la ciutat-prefectura en la qual estan. (ca) Městská prefektura (čínsky v českém přepisu ti-ťi-š’, pchin-jinem dìjíshì, znaky 地级市) je správní jednotka v Čínské lidové republice. V systému členění Čínské lidové republiky patří mezi správní jednotky druhé (neboli prefekturní) úrovně, vedle prefektur, autonomních krajů a ajmagů. Mezi těmito celky je nejrozšířenější, k 31. prosinci 2005 bylo z 333 celků druhé úrovně městských prefektur 283. Hlavy městských prefektur mají všeobecně postavení odpovídající vedoucímu divize (司长) ministerstva. V městské prefektury byly transformovány prefektury s počtem nezemědělského obyvatelstva přes 250 tisíc, průmyslovou produkcí přes 2 miliardy jüanů a terciárním sektorem silnějším než primární a přispívajícím nejméně 35 % k místnímu HDP. Městské prefektury se člení na okresy, městské obvody a městské okresy, případně autonomní okresy. Městská prefektura je typicky tvořená centrální městskou oblastí (původní sídelní město prefektury) a okolními regiony tvořenými menšími městy, vesnicemi a krajinou. Pro centrální městskou zónu je používán název městská oblast (š’-čchü, shìqū, 市区) První městská prefektura byla zřízena 5. listopadu 1983. V následujících dvou desetiletích městské prefektury nahradily většinu čínských prefektur. Většina provincií Čínské lidové republiky se skládá téměř výhradně z městských prefektur. Pouze Jün-nan, Kuej-čou, Čching-chaj a autonomní oblasti Sin-ťiang a Tibet mají více než tři podřízené celky, které nejsou městskými prefekturami. Patnáct největších městských prefektur obdrželo status subprovinčního města, který jim dává větší pravomoci. (cs) Eine bezirksfreie Stadt (chinesisch 地級市 / 地级市, Pinyin dìjíshì) ist eine Verwaltungseinheit in der Volksrepublik China unterhalb der Provinzebene. Gegenwärtig gibt es in der VR China 293 bezirksfreie Städte (Stand 16. Februar 2019). Das Verwaltungsgebiet einer bezirksfreien Stadt umfasst in der Regel sowohl das eigentliche Stadtgebiet als auch die umliegende Großregion, also weiträumige ländliche Gebiete. Deswegen setzen sich bezirksfreie Städte aus Stadtbezirken, kreisfreien Städten und Kreisen (in der Inneren Mongolei auch Banner) zusammen. Ein derartiges Verwaltungsgebiet hat nicht selten eine Größe und Bevölkerungszahl eines deutschen Bundeslandes: So umfasst das Verwaltungsgebiet der Stadt Changchun mit sechs Stadtbezirken, drei kreisfreien Städten und einem Kreis insgesamt 7,12 Millionen Einwohner auf einer Fläche von 20.565 km², das Bundesland Hessen zum Vergleich 6,07 Millionen Einwohner auf einer Fläche von 21.115 km². (de) Prefektura mailako hiria (txinera sinplifikatuz: 地级市, pinyineraz: dìjí shì), Txinako Herri Errepublikako banaketa administratiboetako bat da, probintziaren azpitik, eta konderri edo barrutiaren gainetik dagoena. Literalki "eskualde mailako hiri" esan nahi. Prefektura mailako hiria, egitura administratibo bakarra osatzen duen gunea da, normalean hirigune bat ("hiria" mendebaldeko ohiko definizioaren arabera) eta inguruan dauden nekazal guneek osatzen dute. Hirigunea barrutietan banatzen da eta nekazal guneak konderrietan. Prefektura mailako hiririk handienak 100 kilometroko zabalera izan dezakete, erdigunetik, kanpoaldeko mugetaraino, Euskal Herriko foru lurraldeek baino gehiago. (eu) Una ciudad-prefectura o ciudad-región (en chino, 地级市; pinyin, dìjí shì; literalmente, ‘ciudad a nivel de región’), a veces traducido casi directamente como «ciudad de nivel de prefectura» o «municipio a nivel de prefectura», es una división administrativa de la República Popular China que se sitúa, en la estructura político-administrativa, por debajo del nivel provincial y por encima del nivel de condado. Es la división más frecuente a este nivel, con 283 en el año 2005. Una ciudad-prefectura suele ser un centro urbano rodeado de una amplia zona rural en la que hay también más ciudades, localidades y pueblos, lo que en occidente suele considerarse el área metropolitana o aglomeración urbana. Son muchas las ciudades que tienen el mismo nombre que la ciudad-prefectura en la que están. (es) Les villes-préfectures (chinois simplifié : 地级市 ; chinois traditionnel : 地級市 ; pinyin : dìjíshì) sont une division administrative en République populaire de Chine. Elles sont situées au niveau immédiatement inférieur à la province ou à la région autonome. À ce niveau, c'est la division la plus fréquente ; on en dénombre 283. Les villes-préfectures correspondent le plus souvent à un centre urbain entouré de zones rurales. De nombreuses provinces ne contiennent que des villes-préfectures. Le niveau de découpage suivant correspond aux districts, qui se nomment bannières en Mongolie-Intérieure. 15 villes-préfectures disposent d'une plus grande autonomie vis-à-vis de la province, bien qu'inférieure à celle des municipalités : ce sont les villes sous-provinciales. (fr) A prefecture-level city (Chinese: 地级市; pinyin: Dìjíshì) or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. During the Republican era, many of China's prefectural cities were designated as counties as the country's second level division below a province. From 1949 to 1983, the official term was a province-administrated city (Chinese: 省辖市). Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative structure (alongside prefectures, leagues and autonomous prefectures). Administrative chiefs (mayors) of prefectural level cities generally have the same rank as a division chief (Chinese: 司长) of a national ministry. Since the 1980s, most former prefectures have been renamed into prefectural level cities. A prefectural level city is a "city" (Chinese: 市; pinyin: shì) and "prefecture" (Chinese: 地区; pinyin: dìqū) that have been merged into one consolidated and unified jurisdiction. As such it is simultaneously a city, which is a municipal entry with subordinate districts, and a prefecture with subordinate county-level cities and counties which is an administrative division of a province. A prefectural level city is often not a "city" in the usual sense of the term (i.e., a large continuous urban settlement), but instead an administrative unit comprising, typically, a main central urban area (the core city, city as in the usual sense, usually with the same name as the prefectural level city) surrounded by rural areas, which together are divided into districts, and some surrounding counties or county-level cities governed by the prefecture-level city on behalf of the province, which all have their own urban areas surrounded by their own rural areas. The urban areas of the surrounding counties are usually smaller than the core urban area, and towns also form small urban areas scattered in the rural. The larger prefectural level cities span over 100 kilometres (62 mi). Prefectural level cities nearly always contain multiple counties, county level cities, and other such sub-divisions. This results from the fact that the formerly predominant prefectures, which prefectural level cities have mostly replaced, were themselves large administrative units containing cities, smaller towns, and rural areas. To distinguish a prefectural level city from its actual urban area (city in the strict sense), the term shìqū (市区; "urban area"), is used. The first prefectural level cities were created on 5 November 1983. Over the following two decades, prefectural level cities have come to replace the vast majority of Chinese prefectures; the process is still ongoing. Most provinces are composed entirely or nearly entirely of prefectural level cities. Of the 22 provinces and five autonomous regions of the PRC, only nine provinces (Yunnan, Guizhou, Qinghai, Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Gansu, Jilin, Hubei, and Hunan) and three autonomous regions (Xinjiang, Tibet, and Inner Mongolia) have at least one or more second level or prefectural level divisions that are not prefectural level cities. In the case of the disputed Taiwan, it has six prefectural level cities, but these are governed separately by the Republic of China as their special municipalities. Criteria that a prefecture must meet to become a prefectural level city: * An urban centre with a non-rural population over 250,000 * gross output of value of industry of 200,000,000 RMB (US$32 million) * the output of the tertiary sector supersedes that of the primary sector, contributing over 35% of the GDP Fifteen large prefectural level cities have been granted the status of sub-provincial city, which gives them much greater autonomy. Shijiazhuang, Suzhou, and Zhengzhou are the largest prefectural level cities with populations approaching or exceeding some sub-provincial cities. A sub-prefecture-level city is a county-level city with powers approaching those of prefectural level cities. (en) Sebuah munisipalitas setingkat prefektur (Hanzi: 地级市), kota setingkat prefektur atau kota tingkat prefektural adalah salah satu pembagian administratif Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT), dengan tingkatan di bawah provinsi dan di atas sebuah kabupaten dalam struktur administrasi wilayah Tiongkok. Kota setingkat prefektur membentuk tingkatan kedua dari struktur pembagian administratif Tiongkok (bersama prefektur, , dan prefektur otonom). (in) 지급시(중국어: 地级市, 병음: dìjí shì)는 중화인민공화국의 행정 구역 단위로, 지구, 자치주, 맹과 함께 2급 행정 단위에 속한다. 성과 현 사이의 행정 구역으로, 1983년 11월 5일 지급시 제도가 도입되었다. (ko) 地級市（ちきゅうし）は、中華人民共和国の地方行政単位。地区、自治州、盟とともに二級行政単位を構成する。省クラスの行政単位と県クラスの行政単位の中間にある地区クラスの行政単位である。地方によっては「区級市」と呼ぶこともある。 1983年11月5日に制度化され、地区から地級市への改編が行われた。地級市はその内部に都市部の何倍もの面積を有す農村部を内包しており、厳密な意味での市とは定義を異にする。地級市は地区の後身であり、下部に市轄区、県、自治県、旗、自治旗、特区を管轄し、また県級市を代理管轄している。 これまでの地方行政区画再編成の結果、雲南省、貴州省、青海省や新疆ウイグル自治区、内モンゴル自治区以外の地域では地級市の比重が増加傾向にある。 今現在、中国は293個の地級市がある。 (ja) La città-prefettura (地級市T, 地级市S, dìjíshìP) è una suddivisione amministrativa della Repubblica Popolare Cinese. Si colloca al livello immediatamente inferiore alla provincia o alla regione autonoma: è la suddivisione più frequente e se ne contano 283. Le città-prefettura corrispondono più spesso a un centro urbano circondato da zone rurali. Numerose province contengono solo città-prefettura. Il livello di ripartizione successivo corrisponde alle contee, chiamate bandiere nella Mongolia Interna. Ci sono 15 città-prefettura che dispongono di una maggiore autonomia nei confronti della provincia, anche se inferiore a quella delle municipalità: sono le città sub-provinciali. (it) Een stadsprefectuur is een bestuurlijke vorm in de volksrepubliek China. Het betreft een stad of gemeente die op hetzelfde bestuurlijke niveau staat als een prefectuur, liga of autonome prefectuur en ligt dus een bestuurslaag lager dan een provincie. Sinds de jaren tachtig hebben stadsprefecturen de eerder genoemde bestuurlijke vorm van prefectuur bijna volledig vervangen. Een stadsprefectuur is geen stad in de striktste zin van het woord, maar een bestuurlijk gebied dat gewoonlijk zowel een stedelijke kern omvat (een stad in de striktste zin van het woord) als omliggend platteland of minder stedelijk gebied (vaak vele malen groter dan de centrale, bebouwde kern). Stadsprefecturen omvatten bijna altijd meerdere arrondissementen, stadsdistricten en andere gelijksoortige bestuurlijke onderdelen. Dit is het resultaat van het feit dat de vroegere, dominante prefecturen, die vandaag de dag bijna allemaal zijn vervangen door stadsprefecturen, op zichzelf al grote bestuurlijke eenheden waren, die meerdere steden, kleine dorpen en landelijke gebieden omvatten. Om een stadsprefectuur als geheel te onderscheiden van haar eigenlijke stedelijke gebied, wordt in China de term 市区 shìqū ("stedelijk gebied") gebruikt. De eerste stadsprefecturen werden gecreëerd op 5 november 1983. In de daaropvolgende decennia hebben stadsprefecturen het grootste deel van de voormalige, traditionele prefecturen vervangen; een proces dat nog steeds gaande is. De meeste Chinese provincies bestaan geheel of bijna geheel uit stadsprefecturen. Van de 22 provincies en 5 autonome regio's hebben slechts 3 provincies (Yunnan, Guizhou, Qinghai) en 2 autonome regio's (Sinkiang, Tibet) meer dan drie bestuurlijke divisies van het twee na hoogste niveau die geen stadsprefecturen zijn. De criteria waaraan een traditionele prefectuur moet voldoen om een stadsprefectuur te worden zijn: * Een stedelijk centrum met een niet-landelijke bevolking van 250.000 inwoners of meer * De industrie heeft een bruto product van 200.000.000 RMB * De opbrengsten van de tertiaire sector (dienstverlening) overstijgen die van de primaire sector (landbouw) en zijn meer dan 35% van het bbp 15 grote stadsprefecturen hebben de status van sub-provinciale stad, hetgeen deze steden grotere autonomie geeft. (nl) Uma cidade-prefeitura (chinês: 地级市, pinyin: dìjí shì, lit. ‘cidade com nível de prefeitura’) ou município com nível de prefeitura é uma divisão administrativa da China, classificada abaixo de uma província e acima de um condado na estrutura administrativa chinesa. As cidades-prefeitura dão forma ao segundo nível da estrutura administrativa (ao lado das prefeituras, das ligas e das prefeituras autônomas). Desde os anos 1980, a maior parte das antigas prefeituras foram rebatizadas cidades-prefeitura. (pt) Город окружного значения, городской округ, город-округ (кит. упр. 地级市, палл. дицзиши, англ. Prefecture-level city) — административная единица окружного уровня в Китае. Они не являются городами в привычном смысле слова, поскольку, как правило, помимо собственно городской зоны, включают обширные сельские и/или горные территории, а также многочисленные другие населённые пункты. Таким образом данные единицы примерно соответствуют российским городским округам, но в отличие от последних, юридически являются единым целым со своим административным центром, который никак не выделяется в их составе. Города окружного значения входят в состав провинций. Главный город в их составе обычно делится на районы (市辖区 шисяцюй, или просто 区 цюй), а остальная (преимущественно сельская) часть округа на уезды и города уездного значения. (ru) 地级市是中华人民共和国的地级行政区的一种，属于第二級行政区划，指受其行政中心所在城市所管辖的全部地区，相当于西方国家的都市区。自1983年开始，在国家行政机构区划统计上作为行政区划术语固定下来，取代之前的省辖市之称。至1986年，“地级市”达到166个，占地级行政区的51％，取代“地区”和“盟”成为“地级行政区”的主体。截至2019年1月，地级市数量稳定下来，在总计333个地级行政区中，其中仅有7个地区、3个盟，地级市达到293个，占88％。 * 地级市的相当于地区、自治州、盟。大部分地级市一般管辖所有形式的县级行政区，包括市辖区、县、自治县、旗和自治旗，同时还代管县级市。全国也有4個無下辖县、直管乡级行政区的俗称“直筒子市”的地级市。 * 按照《中华人民共和国宪法》第三十条对于行政区域的划分，只有直辖市和较大的市的区划能分为区、县；县和自治县的区划能分为乡、镇。因此地级市管区县或乡镇存在违宪的法律争议。宪法中“市”只有“较大的市”、“设区的市”和“不设区的市”这三种，并没有“地级市”、“县级市”等另外的说明，那只是按常识引申出来的名称。 (zh) Міський округ (також місто-округ, місто окружного рівня, місто-префектура; кит. спр. 地级市, піньїнь: dìjíshì, акад. діцзіши, англ. Prefecture-level city) — адміністративна одиниця окружного рівня в Китаї. Міські округи не є «містами» в звичному сенсі слова, оскільки крім власне міської зони вони включають великі сільські території, тому назва «міський округ» є більш коректною. Міські округи входять до складу провінцій. Власне центральне місто зазвичай ділиться на райони (市辖区 шисяцюй, або просто 区 цюй), а решта (переважно сільська) частина округу на повіти і міські повіти. (uk) |
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地区 (en) 地级市 (en) 市 (en) |
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thi-kip-sṳ: (en) |
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dei6 kap1 si5 (en) |
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Regional-level city (en) |
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dìqū (en) shì (en) Dìjíshì (en) |
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地级市 (en) 司长 (en) |
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地級市 (en) |
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ས་ཁུལ་རིམ་པ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། (en) |
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Prefecture-level city (en) Prefectural-level city (en) |
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ۋىلايەت دەرىجىلىك شەھەر (en) |
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Wilayet Derijilik Sheher (en) |
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Una ciudad-prefectura o ciudad-región (en chino, 地级市; pinyin, dìjí shì; literalmente, ‘ciudad a nivel de región’), a veces traducido casi directamente como «ciudad de nivel de prefectura» o «municipio a nivel de prefectura», es una división administrativa de la República Popular China que se sitúa, en la estructura político-administrativa, por debajo del nivel provincial y por encima del nivel de condado. Es la división más frecuente a este nivel, con 283 en el año 2005. Una ciudad-prefectura suele ser un centro urbano rodeado de una amplia zona rural en la que hay también más ciudades, localidades y pueblos, lo que en occidente suele considerarse el área metropolitana o aglomeración urbana. Son muchas las ciudades que tienen el mismo nombre que la ciudad-prefectura en la que están. (es) Sebuah munisipalitas setingkat prefektur (Hanzi: 地级市), kota setingkat prefektur atau kota tingkat prefektural adalah salah satu pembagian administratif Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT), dengan tingkatan di bawah provinsi dan di atas sebuah kabupaten dalam struktur administrasi wilayah Tiongkok. Kota setingkat prefektur membentuk tingkatan kedua dari struktur pembagian administratif Tiongkok (bersama prefektur, , dan prefektur otonom). (in) 지급시(중국어: 地级市, 병음: dìjí shì)는 중화인민공화국의 행정 구역 단위로, 지구, 자치주, 맹과 함께 2급 행정 단위에 속한다. 성과 현 사이의 행정 구역으로, 1983년 11월 5일 지급시 제도가 도입되었다. (ko) 地級市（ちきゅうし）は、中華人民共和国の地方行政単位。地区、自治州、盟とともに二級行政単位を構成する。省クラスの行政単位と県クラスの行政単位の中間にある地区クラスの行政単位である。地方によっては「区級市」と呼ぶこともある。 1983年11月5日に制度化され、地区から地級市への改編が行われた。地級市はその内部に都市部の何倍もの面積を有す農村部を内包しており、厳密な意味での市とは定義を異にする。地級市は地区の後身であり、下部に市轄区、県、自治県、旗、自治旗、特区を管轄し、また県級市を代理管轄している。 これまでの地方行政区画再編成の結果、雲南省、貴州省、青海省や新疆ウイグル自治区、内モンゴル自治区以外の地域では地級市の比重が増加傾向にある。 今現在、中国は293個の地級市がある。 (ja) Uma cidade-prefeitura (chinês: 地级市, pinyin: dìjí shì, lit. ‘cidade com nível de prefeitura’) ou município com nível de prefeitura é uma divisão administrativa da China, classificada abaixo de uma província e acima de um condado na estrutura administrativa chinesa. As cidades-prefeitura dão forma ao segundo nível da estrutura administrativa (ao lado das prefeituras, das ligas e das prefeituras autônomas). Desde os anos 1980, a maior parte das antigas prefeituras foram rebatizadas cidades-prefeitura. (pt) 地级市是中华人民共和国的地级行政区的一种，属于第二級行政区划，指受其行政中心所在城市所管辖的全部地区，相当于西方国家的都市区。自1983年开始，在国家行政机构区划统计上作为行政区划术语固定下来，取代之前的省辖市之称。至1986年，“地级市”达到166个，占地级行政区的51％，取代“地区”和“盟”成为“地级行政区”的主体。截至2019年1月，地级市数量稳定下来，在总计333个地级行政区中，其中仅有7个地区、3个盟，地级市达到293个，占88％。 * 地级市的相当于地区、自治州、盟。大部分地级市一般管辖所有形式的县级行政区，包括市辖区、县、自治县、旗和自治旗，同时还代管县级市。全国也有4個無下辖县、直管乡级行政区的俗称“直筒子市”的地级市。 * 按照《中华人民共和国宪法》第三十条对于行政区域的划分，只有直辖市和较大的市的区划能分为区、县；县和自治县的区划能分为乡、镇。因此地级市管区县或乡镇存在违宪的法律争议。宪法中“市”只有“较大的市”、“设区的市”和“不设区的市”这三种，并没有“地级市”、“县级市”等另外的说明，那只是按常识引申出来的名称。 (zh) Міський округ (також місто-округ, місто окружного рівня, місто-префектура; кит. спр. 地级市, піньїнь: dìjíshì, акад. діцзіши, англ. Prefecture-level city) — адміністративна одиниця окружного рівня в Китаї. Міські округи не є «містами» в звичному сенсі слова, оскільки крім власне міської зони вони включають великі сільські території, тому назва «міський округ» є більш коректною. Міські округи входять до складу провінцій. Власне центральне місто зазвичай ділиться на райони (市辖区 шисяцюй, або просто 区 цюй), а решта (переважно сільська) частина округу на повіти і міські повіти. (uk) Una ciutat-prefectura (en xinès: 地级市, pinyin: dìjí shì, literalment 'ciutat a nivell de prefectura'), de vegades traduït gairebé directament com a «ciutat a nivell de prefectura» o «municipi a nivell de prefectura», és una divisió administrativa de la República Popular de la Xina que se situa al segon nivell de l'estructura político-administrativa: Per sota del nivell provincial i per sobre del nivell de comtat. És la divisió més freqüent d'aquest segon nivell, amb 283 ciutats-prefectura l'any 2005, que també inclou les , i . Una ciutat-prefectura sol ser un centre urbà envoltat d'una àmplia zona rural en la qual hi ha també més ciutats, localitats i pobles, la qual cosa en occident sol considerar-se l'àrea metropolitana o aglomeració urbana. Són moltes les ciutats que tenen el mateix nom (ca) Městská prefektura (čínsky v českém přepisu ti-ťi-š’, pchin-jinem dìjíshì, znaky 地级市) je správní jednotka v Čínské lidové republice. V systému členění Čínské lidové republiky patří mezi správní jednotky druhé (neboli prefekturní) úrovně, vedle prefektur, autonomních krajů a ajmagů. Mezi těmito celky je nejrozšířenější, k 31. prosinci 2005 bylo z 333 celků druhé úrovně městských prefektur 283. Hlavy městských prefektur mají všeobecně postavení odpovídající vedoucímu divize (司长) ministerstva. (cs) Eine bezirksfreie Stadt (chinesisch 地級市 / 地级市, Pinyin dìjíshì) ist eine Verwaltungseinheit in der Volksrepublik China unterhalb der Provinzebene. Gegenwärtig gibt es in der VR China 293 bezirksfreie Städte (Stand 16. Februar 2019). Das Verwaltungsgebiet einer bezirksfreien Stadt umfasst in der Regel sowohl das eigentliche Stadtgebiet als auch die umliegende Großregion, also weiträumige ländliche Gebiete. Deswegen setzen sich bezirksfreie Städte aus Stadtbezirken, kreisfreien Städten und Kreisen (in der Inneren Mongolei auch Banner) zusammen. (de) Prefektura mailako hiria (txinera sinplifikatuz: 地级市, pinyineraz: dìjí shì), Txinako Herri Errepublikako banaketa administratiboetako bat da, probintziaren azpitik, eta konderri edo barrutiaren gainetik dagoena. Literalki "eskualde mailako hiri" esan nahi. Prefektura mailako hiria, egitura administratibo bakarra osatzen duen gunea da, normalean hirigune bat ("hiria" mendebaldeko ohiko definizioaren arabera) eta inguruan dauden nekazal guneek osatzen dute. Hirigunea barrutietan banatzen da eta nekazal guneak konderrietan. (eu) A prefecture-level city (Chinese: 地级市; pinyin: Dìjíshì) or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. The first prefectural level cities were created on 5 November 1983. Over the following two decades, prefectural level cities have come to replace the vast majority of Chinese prefectures; the process is still ongoing. Criteria that a prefecture must meet to become a prefectural level city: (en) Les villes-préfectures (chinois simplifié : 地级市 ; chinois traditionnel : 地級市 ; pinyin : dìjíshì) sont une division administrative en République populaire de Chine. Elles sont situées au niveau immédiatement inférieur à la province ou à la région autonome. À ce niveau, c'est la division la plus fréquente ; on en dénombre 283. Les villes-préfectures correspondent le plus souvent à un centre urbain entouré de zones rurales. De nombreuses provinces ne contiennent que des villes-préfectures. Le niveau de découpage suivant correspond aux districts, qui se nomment bannières en Mongolie-Intérieure. (fr) La città-prefettura (地級市T, 地级市S, dìjíshìP) è una suddivisione amministrativa della Repubblica Popolare Cinese. Si colloca al livello immediatamente inferiore alla provincia o alla regione autonoma: è la suddivisione più frequente e se ne contano 283. Le città-prefettura corrispondono più spesso a un centro urbano circondato da zone rurali. Numerose province contengono solo città-prefettura. Il livello di ripartizione successivo corrisponde alle contee, chiamate bandiere nella Mongolia Interna. (it) Een stadsprefectuur is een bestuurlijke vorm in de volksrepubliek China. Het betreft een stad of gemeente die op hetzelfde bestuurlijke niveau staat als een prefectuur, liga of autonome prefectuur en ligt dus een bestuurslaag lager dan een provincie. Sinds de jaren tachtig hebben stadsprefecturen de eerder genoemde bestuurlijke vorm van prefectuur bijna volledig vervangen. De criteria waaraan een traditionele prefectuur moet voldoen om een stadsprefectuur te worden zijn: 15 grote stadsprefecturen hebben de status van sub-provinciale stad, hetgeen deze steden grotere autonomie geeft. (nl) Город окружного значения, городской округ, город-округ (кит. упр. 地级市, палл. дицзиши, англ. Prefecture-level city) — административная единица окружного уровня в Китае. Они не являются городами в привычном смысле слова, поскольку, как правило, помимо собственно городской зоны, включают обширные сельские и/или горные территории, а также многочисленные другие населённые пункты. Таким образом данные единицы примерно соответствуют российским городским округам, но в отличие от последних, юридически являются единым целым со своим административным центром, который никак не выделяется в их составе. (ru) |
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Prefecture-level city (en) Ciutat-prefectura (ca) Městská prefektura (cs) Bezirksfreie Stadt (de) Prefektura mailako hiri (eu) Ciudad-prefectura de la República Popular China (es) Kota setingkat prefektur (in) Ville-préfecture (fr) Città-prefettura (it) 지급시 (ko) 地級市 (ja) Stadsprefectuur (nl) Cidade-prefeitura (pt) Город окружного значения (КНР) (ru) 地级市 (zh) Міський округ (КНР) (uk) |
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| is foaf:primaryTopic of |
wikipedia-en:Prefecture-level_city |
