Prehistory of Australia (original) (raw)
Tugtar réamhstair na hAstráile ar an tréimhse idir teacht na gcéad daoine (rud a tharla 40,000 bliain ó shin nó os a chionn)agus teacht na nEorpach i dtús an 17ú haois.
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| dbo:abstract | عصور ما قبل التاريخ في أستراليا هي الفترة الممتدة بين أول استيطان بشري في القارة الأسترالية واستعمار أستراليا عام 1788، والذي يمثل بداية التوثيق المتسق لتاريخ أستراليا. تتفاوت تقديرات هذه الفترة، وتشير معظم الأدلة إلى أنها تعود إلى ما بين 50,000 و65,000 عام. يُشار إلى هذه الحقبة بأنها قبل التاريخ وليست تاريخية لأنه لم يكن هناك وثائق مكتوبة متسقة عن الأحداث البشرية قبل عام 1788. وتندرج هذه الفترة بأكملها في العصر الحجري، لأنه لم تُطور أي تقنية معدنية خلالها. اعتُقد عمومًا أن أستراليا، على عكس غينيا الجديدة، لم تمر بفترة العصر الحجري الحديث، إذ استمر نمط حياة الصيد وجمع الثمار حتى وصول الأوروبيين. يمكن الطعن في هذا الرأي على أساس تعريف الزراعة، ولكن يظل مفهوم «العصر الحجري الحديث» نادر الاستخدام وغير مفيد جدًا عند مناقشة عصور ما قبل التاريخ الأسترالي. (ar) La prehistoria de Australia es el periodo que se sitúa entre el primer asentamiento humano en el continente australiano y la llegada de los europeos a Australia en 1606, que puede tomarse como el inicio de la reciente historia de Australia. Se estima usualmente que la prehistoria se extiende desde hace 50.000 a 70.000 años, sin embargo, la evidencia paleontológica y genética poblacional sostiene que se remonta a los 45-50.000 años. Este periodo es una cuestión prehistórica antes que histórica porque no hay registros escritos en papel de las actividades humanas anteriores a este contacto con los europeos. (es) Tugtar réamhstair na hAstráile ar an tréimhse idir teacht na gcéad daoine (rud a tharla 40,000 bliain ó shin nó os a chionn)agus teacht na nEorpach i dtús an 17ú haois. (ga) The prehistory of Australia is the period between the first human habitation of the Australian continent and the colonisation of Australia in 1788, which marks the start of consistent written documentation of Australia. This period has been variously estimated, with most evidence suggesting that it goes back between 50,000 and 65,000 years. This era is referred as prehistory rather than history because knowledge of this time period does not derive from written documentation. However, some argue that Indigenous oral histories should be accorded an equal status. A hunter-gatherer lifestyle was dominant until the arrival of Europeans, although there is evidence of land management by practices such as cultural burning, and in some areas, agriculture, fish farming, and permanent settlements. (en) La préhistoire de l'Australie est la période comprise entre l’arrivée des premiers groupes humains sur le continent, il y a entre 50 000 et 70 000 ans, et l’arrivée des premiers explorateurs européens en 1606, qui marque le début de l’histoire de l'Australie. Il est question de préhistoire plutôt que d’histoire dans la mesure où aucune trace écrite n’est disponible concernant les évènements humains advenus durant cette période. (fr) De prehistorie van Australië is de periode tussen de eerste menselijke bewoning van het Australische continent en de kolonisatie van Australië in 1788, die het begin markeerde van een consistente schriftelijke documentatie. Omdat er geen technologieën om metaal te bewerken zijn ontwikkeld, valt de hele periode in het stenen tijdperk. In tegenstelling tot Nieuw-Guinea wordt in het algemeen aangenomen dat Australië geen neolithische periode heeft gehad, met een levensstijl van jagers en verzamelaars tot de komst van de Europeanen, hoewel er bewijs is van landbeheer door praktijken zoals culturele verbranding en in sommige gebieden landbouw, visserij en permanente nederzettingen. (nl) La preistoria dell'Australia è il periodo che intercorre tra l'arrivo dei primi esseri umani sull'isola e il 1788, quando l'avvio della sua colonizzazione portò alla produzione di consistente documentazione scritta. Sono state formulate diverse ipotesi in merito alla datazione dell'inizio di questo periodo, la maggior parte delle quali indica che abbia preso il via tra i 65 000 e i 50 000 anni fa. Quest'epoca è considerata preistorica stante l'assenza di documenti scritti al riguardo dell'attività umana; in mancanza dello sviluppo della lavorazione dei metalli, l'intero periodo rientra nella fase evolutiva definita età della pietra. Si considera che in Australia – a differenza ad esempio che in Nuova Guinea – non vi sia stato un periodo neolitico e, sebbene via siano tracce di insediamenti permanenti e di pratiche quali l'agricoltura, l'itticoltura ed il fuoco prescritto, il sistema di alimentazione tipico dei cacciatori-raccoglitori sia perdurato fino all'arrivo degli Europei. (it) Доісторична доба Австралії — доба, що розпочалася після прибуття в Австралію перших людей і до їхньої першої зустрічі з європейцями в 1606 р., коли починається письмова історія Австралії. За різними оцінками, праісторія Австралії тривала від 40 до 70 тисяч років. (uk) Доисторическая эпоха Австралии — временной отрезок с момента прибытия в Австралию первых людей и до их первой встречи с европейцами в 1606 году, когда начинается письменная история Австралии. По различным оценкам, праистория Австралии продолжалась от 40 до 70 тысяч лет. (ru) |
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| dbp:caption | Aboriginal rock painting from Kakadu National Park (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Tugtar réamhstair na hAstráile ar an tréimhse idir teacht na gcéad daoine (rud a tharla 40,000 bliain ó shin nó os a chionn)agus teacht na nEorpach i dtús an 17ú haois. (ga) La préhistoire de l'Australie est la période comprise entre l’arrivée des premiers groupes humains sur le continent, il y a entre 50 000 et 70 000 ans, et l’arrivée des premiers explorateurs européens en 1606, qui marque le début de l’histoire de l'Australie. Il est question de préhistoire plutôt que d’histoire dans la mesure où aucune trace écrite n’est disponible concernant les évènements humains advenus durant cette période. (fr) Доісторична доба Австралії — доба, що розпочалася після прибуття в Австралію перших людей і до їхньої першої зустрічі з європейцями в 1606 р., коли починається письмова історія Австралії. За різними оцінками, праісторія Австралії тривала від 40 до 70 тисяч років. (uk) Доисторическая эпоха Австралии — временной отрезок с момента прибытия в Австралию первых людей и до их первой встречи с европейцами в 1606 году, когда начинается письменная история Австралии. По различным оценкам, праистория Австралии продолжалась от 40 до 70 тысяч лет. (ru) عصور ما قبل التاريخ في أستراليا هي الفترة الممتدة بين أول استيطان بشري في القارة الأسترالية واستعمار أستراليا عام 1788، والذي يمثل بداية التوثيق المتسق لتاريخ أستراليا. تتفاوت تقديرات هذه الفترة، وتشير معظم الأدلة إلى أنها تعود إلى ما بين 50,000 و65,000 عام. (ar) La prehistoria de Australia es el periodo que se sitúa entre el primer asentamiento humano en el continente australiano y la llegada de los europeos a Australia en 1606, que puede tomarse como el inicio de la reciente historia de Australia. Se estima usualmente que la prehistoria se extiende desde hace 50.000 a 70.000 años, sin embargo, la evidencia paleontológica y genética poblacional sostiene que se remonta a los 45-50.000 años. (es) The prehistory of Australia is the period between the first human habitation of the Australian continent and the colonisation of Australia in 1788, which marks the start of consistent written documentation of Australia. This period has been variously estimated, with most evidence suggesting that it goes back between 50,000 and 65,000 years. This era is referred as prehistory rather than history because knowledge of this time period does not derive from written documentation. However, some argue that Indigenous oral histories should be accorded an equal status. (en) La preistoria dell'Australia è il periodo che intercorre tra l'arrivo dei primi esseri umani sull'isola e il 1788, quando l'avvio della sua colonizzazione portò alla produzione di consistente documentazione scritta. Sono state formulate diverse ipotesi in merito alla datazione dell'inizio di questo periodo, la maggior parte delle quali indica che abbia preso il via tra i 65 000 e i 50 000 anni fa. (it) De prehistorie van Australië is de periode tussen de eerste menselijke bewoning van het Australische continent en de kolonisatie van Australië in 1788, die het begin markeerde van een consistente schriftelijke documentatie. (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Prehistory of Australia (en) أستراليا ما قبل التاريخ (ar) Prehistoria de Australia (es) Réamhstair na hAstráile (ga) Preistoria dell'Australia (it) Préhistoire de l'Australie (fr) Prehistorie van Australië (nl) Доисторическая Австралия (ru) Доісторична Австралія (uk) |
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