Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom (original) (raw)
Il Regno Restaurato di Hanthawaddy fu uno Stato indipendente che dominò la Bassa Birmania e parti della Birmania settentrionale dal 1740 al 1757. Venne fondato nel 1740 grazie alla vittoriosa lotta per l'indipendenza del popolo mon, che costituiva la maggioranza etnica della Bassa Birmania.
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| dbo:abstract | The Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom (Burmese: ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်သစ်), also known as the Neo-Ramanic State (Burmese: ရာမညနိုင်ငံသစ်) was the kingdom that ruled Lower Burma and parts of Upper Burma from 1740 to 1757. The kingdom grew out of a rebellion by the Mon led population of Pegu, who then rallied the other Mon as well as Delta Bama and Karens of Lower Burma, against the Toungoo Dynasty of Ava in Upper Burma. The rebellion succeeded in expelling Toungoo loyalists and restored the Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy ruled Lower Burma from 1287 to 1539. The restored Hanthawady kingdom also claim heritage to Bayinaung's early Toungoo Empire whose capital was based in Pegu and guaranteed the loyalty of the non-Mon population of Lower Burma. Supported by the French, the upstart kingdom quickly carved out a space for itself in Lower Burma, and continued its push northward. In March 1752, its forces captured Ava, and ended the 266-year-old Toungoo dynasty. A new dynasty called Konbaung led by King Alaungpaya rose in Upper Burma to challenge the southern forces, and went on to conquer all of Upper Burma by December 1753. After Hanthawaddy's invasion of Upper Burma failed in 1754, the kingdom came unglued. Its leadership in self-defleating measures killed off the Toungoo royal family, and persecuted loyal ethnic Burmans in the south, both of which only strengthened Alaungpaya's hand. In 1755, Alaungpaya invaded Lower Burma. Konbaung forces captured the Irrawaddy delta in May 1755, the French defended port of Thanlyin in July 1756, and finally the capital Pegu in May 1757. The fall of Restored Hanthawaddy was the beginning of the end of Mon people's centuries-old dominance of Lower Burma. Konbaung armies' reprisals forced thousands of Mons to flee to Siam. By the early 19th century, assimilation, inter-marriage, and mass migration of Burman families from the north had reduced the Mon population to a small minority. (en) Il Regno Restaurato di Hanthawaddy fu uno Stato indipendente che dominò la Bassa Birmania e parti della Birmania settentrionale dal 1740 al 1757. Venne fondato nel 1740 grazie alla vittoriosa lotta per l'indipendenza del popolo mon, che costituiva la maggioranza etnica della Bassa Birmania. (it) Odrodzone Królestwo Hanthawaddy (birm. ဟံသာဝတီ ပဲခူး တိုင်းပြည်) – królestwo władające terenem Dolnej Birmy i częścią obszaru Górnej Birmy od roku 1740 do 1757. Powstało w konsekwencji buntu Monów, którzy w tym okresie stanowili większość ludności Dolnej Birmy, przeciwko birmańskiemu z Ava w Górnej Birmie. Skutkiem rebelii było odrodzenie upadłego mońskiego Królestwa Hanthawaddy, które władało obszarem Dolnej Birmy od roku 1287 do 1539. Wspierane przez Francuzów, nowo powstałe królestwo szybko wykroiło dla siebie przestrzeń w Dolnej Birmie i kontynuowało ekspansję w kierunku północy. W kwietniu 1752 r. jego armia zdobyła Ava kończąc w ten sposób żywot liczącej 266 lat dynastii Toungoo. Wyzwaniem dla sił z południa stało się założenie w Górnej Birmie przez Alaungpayę nowej dynastii zwanej Konbaung i rozpoczęcie przez nią w grudniu 1753 r. podboju Górnej Birmy. Po tym, gdy dokonany przez Hanthawaddy najazd na Górną Birmę zakończył się w roku 1754 porażką, królestwo zaczęło się rozpadać. Jego przywódca wykonał samobójcze kroki mordując królewską rodzinę Toungoo i prześladując rodowitych Birmańczyków na południu, co tylko wzmocniło Alaungpayę. W 1755 r. Alaungpaya najechał Dolną Birmę. Siły Konbaung zajęły w maju 1755 r. deltę Irawadi, w lipcu 1756 r. broniony przez Francuzów port Thanlyin i w końcu, w maju 1757 r. stolicę królestwa – Pegu. Upadek Odrodzonego Królestwa Hanthawaddy był początkiem końca trwającej od wieków dominacji Monów w dolnej Birmie. Akcje odwetowe armii Konbaung zmusiły tysiące Monów do ucieczki do . Do początku XIX w. asymilacja, mieszane małżeństwa i masowa migracja birmańskich rodzin z północy spowodowały spadek liczebności populacji Monów do rozmiarów niewielkiej mniejszości. (pl) O Reino Restaurado de Hanthawaddy (birmanês: ဟံသာဝတီ ပဲခူး တိုင်းပြည်) foi o reino que governou a Baixa Birmânia e partes da Alta Birmânia de 1740 a 1757. O reino surgiu a partir de uma rebelião do povo mon, que constituía na maioria étnica da Baixa Birmânia, contra os birmaneses da dinastia Taungû de Ava da Alta Birmânia. A rebelião conseguiu restaurar a depreciada língua mon falada no , que governou a Baixa Birmânia de 1287 a 1539. Apoiado pelos franceses, o repentino reino rapidamente conquistou um espaço para si na Baixa Birmânia, e continuou sua expansão em direção ao norte. Em abril de 1752, as suas forças capturaram Ava, e encerrou com os 266 anos da dinastia Taungû. A nova dinastia chamada Konbaung liderada pelo rei Alaungpaya surgiu na Alta Birmânia para enfrentar as forças do sul, e passou a conquistar toda a Alta Birmânia até dezembro de 1753. Após a invasão de Hanthawaddy na Alta Birmânia ter fracassado em 1754, o reino se desestruturou. Sua liderança tomou medidas autodestrutivas ao mandar assassinar a família real Taungû, e perseguir a população de etnia birmanesa no sul, sendo que ambas só fortaleceram ainda mais o desejo de vitória de Alaungpaya. Em 1755, Alaungpaya invadiu a Baixa Birmânia. As forças Konbaung capturaram a região do delta do rio Irauádi em maio de 1755, o porto defendido pelos franceses em Thanlyin, em julho de 1756, e finalmente a capital Pegu em maio de 1757. A queda do Reino Restaurado de Hanthawaddy foi o começo do fim da dominação secular do povo mon na Baixa Birmânia. Os exércitos de represálias da dinastia Konbaung forçaram milhares de mons a fugir para o Sião. No início do século XIX, a assimilação, o inter-casamento, e a migração em massa de famílias birmanesas do norte havia reduzido a população mon a uma pequena minoria. (pt) Возрожденноё Хантавади (бирм. ဟံသာဝတီ ပဲခူး တိုင်းပြည်) — государство, существовавшее в Мьянме в середине XVIII века. (ru) 後勃固王朝（緬甸語：ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်），又譯後白古王朝，即復興漢達瓦底王國，是18世紀中葉短暫存在的一個孟族政權，其統治地域位於下緬甸以及上緬甸的部份地區。 復興漢達瓦底王國是由孟族叛亂者於1740年建立的，其首都位於勃固，宣稱是對勃固王朝（漢達瓦底王國）的延續。這個國家曾於1751年入侵上緬甸。1752年，新興的緬甸貢榜王朝發起對該國的戰爭，最後在1757年消滅了這個國家。 (zh) |
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| dbp:commonName | Hanthawaddy Kingdom (en) |
| dbp:conventionalLongName | Restored Kingdom of Hanthawaddy Pegu (en) |
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| dbp:dateEvent | 1740 (xsd:integer) 1747 (xsd:integer) 1751 (xsd:integer) 1752 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:dateStart | 0001-11-29 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:event | dbr:Konbaung-Hanthawaddy_War Invasion of Upper Burma (en) Rise of Binnya Dala (en) War with Toungoo Dynasty (en) |
| dbp:eventEnd | Fall of Kingdom (en) |
| dbp:eventStart | Founding of Kingdom (en) |
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| dbp:governmentType | Monarchy (en) |
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| dbp:p | Toungoo Dynasty (en) |
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| dbp:s | Konbaung Dynasty (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Il Regno Restaurato di Hanthawaddy fu uno Stato indipendente che dominò la Bassa Birmania e parti della Birmania settentrionale dal 1740 al 1757. Venne fondato nel 1740 grazie alla vittoriosa lotta per l'indipendenza del popolo mon, che costituiva la maggioranza etnica della Bassa Birmania. (it) Возрожденноё Хантавади (бирм. ဟံသာဝတီ ပဲခူး တိုင်းပြည်) — государство, существовавшее в Мьянме в середине XVIII века. (ru) 後勃固王朝（緬甸語：ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်），又譯後白古王朝，即復興漢達瓦底王國，是18世紀中葉短暫存在的一個孟族政權，其統治地域位於下緬甸以及上緬甸的部份地區。 復興漢達瓦底王國是由孟族叛亂者於1740年建立的，其首都位於勃固，宣稱是對勃固王朝（漢達瓦底王國）的延續。這個國家曾於1751年入侵上緬甸。1752年，新興的緬甸貢榜王朝發起對該國的戰爭，最後在1757年消滅了這個國家。 (zh) The Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom (Burmese: ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်သစ်), also known as the Neo-Ramanic State (Burmese: ရာမညနိုင်ငံသစ်) was the kingdom that ruled Lower Burma and parts of Upper Burma from 1740 to 1757. The kingdom grew out of a rebellion by the Mon led population of Pegu, who then rallied the other Mon as well as Delta Bama and Karens of Lower Burma, against the Toungoo Dynasty of Ava in Upper Burma. The rebellion succeeded in expelling Toungoo loyalists and restored the Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy ruled Lower Burma from 1287 to 1539. The restored Hanthawady kingdom also claim heritage to Bayinaung's early Toungoo Empire whose capital was based in Pegu and guaranteed the loyalty of the non-Mon population of Lower Burma. Supported by the French, the upstart kingdom quickly (en) Odrodzone Królestwo Hanthawaddy (birm. ဟံသာဝတီ ပဲခူး တိုင်းပြည်) – królestwo władające terenem Dolnej Birmy i częścią obszaru Górnej Birmy od roku 1740 do 1757. Powstało w konsekwencji buntu Monów, którzy w tym okresie stanowili większość ludności Dolnej Birmy, przeciwko birmańskiemu z Ava w Górnej Birmie. Skutkiem rebelii było odrodzenie upadłego mońskiego Królestwa Hanthawaddy, które władało obszarem Dolnej Birmy od roku 1287 do 1539. Wspierane przez Francuzów, nowo powstałe królestwo szybko wykroiło dla siebie przestrzeń w Dolnej Birmie i kontynuowało ekspansję w kierunku północy. W kwietniu 1752 r. jego armia zdobyła Ava kończąc w ten sposób żywot liczącej 266 lat dynastii Toungoo. (pl) O Reino Restaurado de Hanthawaddy (birmanês: ဟံသာဝတီ ပဲခူး တိုင်းပြည်) foi o reino que governou a Baixa Birmânia e partes da Alta Birmânia de 1740 a 1757. O reino surgiu a partir de uma rebelião do povo mon, que constituía na maioria étnica da Baixa Birmânia, contra os birmaneses da dinastia Taungû de Ava da Alta Birmânia. A rebelião conseguiu restaurar a depreciada língua mon falada no , que governou a Baixa Birmânia de 1287 a 1539. Apoiado pelos franceses, o repentino reino rapidamente conquistou um espaço para si na Baixa Birmânia, e continuou sua expansão em direção ao norte. Em abril de 1752, as suas forças capturaram Ava, e encerrou com os 266 anos da dinastia Taungû. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Regno Restaurato di Hanthawaddy (it) Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom (en) Odrodzone Królestwo Hanthawaddy (pl) Reino Restaurado de Hanthawaddy (pt) Возрождённое Хантавади (ru) Відроджене Гантаваді (uk) 後勃固王朝 (zh) |
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