SMS Hessen (original) (raw)
SMS Hessen war ein Linienschiff der Braunschweig-Klasse der deutschen Kaiserlichen Marine. Ihre Schwesterschiffe waren SMS Braunschweig, SMS Elsass, SMS Preußen und SMS Lothringen. 1925 bis 1934 war sie bei der Reichsmarine wieder in Dienst. Ab 1937 wurde sie als ferngesteuertes Zielschiff genutzt und nach dem Kriegsende 1946 an die Sowjetunion ausgeliefert.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:MeanOfTransportation/length | 127700.0 |
| dbo:abstract | SMS Hessen byla třetí z pěti bitevních lodí (predreadnought) třídy Braunschweig postavených pro německé císařské námořnictvo. Kýl lodi byl položen v loděnici Germaniawerft v Kielu v roce 1902, na vodu byla spuštěna v září 1903 a do služby se dostala v září 1905. Jméno dostala podle státu Hesensko a hlavní výzbroj tvořila 4 děla ráže 280 mm (11 palců). Dosahovala maximální rychlosti 18 uzlů (33 km/h; 21 mph). Stejně jako všechny ostatní predreadnoughty postavené na přelomu století i Hessen rychle zastarala uvedením do služby revoluční lodí HMS Dreadnought v roce 1906; ve výsledku u německého námořnictva zažila omezenou službu. V době míru se Hessen soustředila na cvičení a výcvikové plavby. Prodělala dvě náhodné srážky – v roce 1911 s dánským parníkem a s německým torpédovým člunem v roce 1913. Hessen měla být vyřazena ze služby v srpnu 1914, ale začátek první světové války v červenci tento plán přerušil a zůstala ve službě u Širokomořského loďstva. V prvních dvou letech války měla různé úkoly, sloužila jako strážní loď u ústí Labe, hlídkovala v dánských průlivech a podporovala útoky na britské pobřeží, včetně nájezdu na Scarborough, Hartlepool a Whitby v prosinci 1914 a ostřelování Yarmouth a Lowestoft v dubnu 1916. Následující měsíc byla Hessen přítomna v bitvě u Jutska, největší námořní bitvy války. V poslední denní akci 31. května Hessen a další predreadnoughty II. bitevní eskadry kryly ústup poškozených německých bitevních křižníků od eskadry britských bitevních křižníků. Tato bitva odhalila, jak jsou predreadnoughty jako Hessen neadekvátní tváří v tvář modernějším zbraním, takže s ostatními loděmi II. eskadry byla vyřazena ze služby u floty. Stalo se tak v prosinci 1916, také byla odzbrojena a po zbytek války sloužila jako pomocná (depotní) loď. Hessen byla jednou z mála zastaralých bitevních lodí, které si Německo mohlo ponechat na základě podmínek Versailleské smlouvy. Byla znovu vyzbrojena a sloužila u floty ve 20. a na počátku 30. let, ačkoli byla v roce 1934 vyřazena z frontové služby. Následující rok byla přestavěna na rádiem řízenou cílovou loď. V této funkci působila během druhé světové války a také pracovala jako ledoborec v Baltském a Severním moři. Po válce v roce 1946 byla předána SSSR, přejmenována na Cel a sloužila až do svého vyřazení v roce 1960. (cs) SMS Hessen war ein Linienschiff der Braunschweig-Klasse der deutschen Kaiserlichen Marine. Ihre Schwesterschiffe waren SMS Braunschweig, SMS Elsass, SMS Preußen und SMS Lothringen. 1925 bis 1934 war sie bei der Reichsmarine wieder in Dienst. Ab 1937 wurde sie als ferngesteuertes Zielschiff genutzt und nach dem Kriegsende 1946 an die Sowjetunion ausgeliefert. (de) El SMS Hessen fue el tercero de los cinco acorazados pre-dreadnought de la clase Braunschweig de la Kaiserliche Marine. Fue puesto en grada en 1902 y comisionado en 1905. Recibió su nombre en honor al Estado de Hesse. Sus buques gemelos eran Braunschweig, Elsaß, Preußen y Lothringen. (es) Le SMS Hessen est un cuirassé pré-dreadnought de la classe Braunschweig lancé en 1903. Ses sister-ships sont les SMS Braunschweig, SMS Elsaß, SMS Preußen et SMS Lothringen. Il a appartenu à la Kaiserliche Marine, jusqu'en 1918, puis a servi dans la Reichsmarine de 1925 à 1934, puis a servi de navire-cible, et enfin a été livré à la marine soviétique en 1946. (fr) SMS Hessen was the third of five pre-dreadnought battleships of the Braunschweig class. She was laid down in 1902, was launched in September 1903, and was commissioned into the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) in September 1905. Named after the state of Hesse, the ship was armed with a battery of four 28 cm (11 in) guns and had a top speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph). Like all other pre-dreadnoughts built at the turn of the century, Hessen was quickly made obsolete by the launching of the revolutionary HMS Dreadnought in 1906; as a result, she saw only limited service with the German fleet. Hessen's peacetime career centered on squadron and fleet exercises and training cruises. She was involved in two accidental collisions, with a Danish steamship in 1911 and a German torpedo boat in 1913. Hessen was slated to be withdrawn from service in August 1914, but the start of World War I in July interrupted that plan and she remained in service with the High Seas Fleet. She performed a variety of roles in the first two years, serving as a guard ship at the mouth of the Elbe, patrolling the Danish straits, and supporting attacks on the British coast, including the raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby in December 1914 and the Bombardment of Yarmouth and Lowestoft in April 1916. The following month, Hessen was present at the Battle of Jutland, the largest naval battle of the war. In the last daytime action between capital ships on 31 May, Hessen and the other pre-dreadnoughts of II Battle Squadron covered the retreat of the battered German battlecruisers away from the British battlecruiser squadron. Jutland revealed how inadequate pre-dreadnoughts like Hessen were in the face of more modern weapons, so she and the rest of II Squadron ships were withdrawn from service with the fleet. She was decommissioned in December 1916, disarmed and used as a depot ship for the rest of the war. Hessen was one of the few obsolete battleships Germany was permitted to retain under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Rearmed, she served with the fleet in the 1920s and early 1930s, though she was withdrawn from front-line service in 1934. The following year, Hessen was converted into a radio-controlled target ship. She served in this capacity through World War II, also working as an icebreaker in the Baltic and North Seas. The ship was ceded to the Soviet Union in 1946 after the war, renamed Tsel, and served until she was scrapped in 1960. (en) O SMS Hessen foi um couraçado pré-dreadnought operado inicialmente pela Marinha Imperial Alemã e depois também pelas sucessoras Marinha do Império e Marinha de Guerra. Foi a terceira embarcação da Classe Braunschweig, depois do SMS Braunschweig e SMS Elsass, e seguido pelo SMS Preussen e SMS Lothringen. Sua construção começou em janeiro de 1902 na Germaniawerft e foi lançado ao mar em setembro do ano seguinte, sendo comissionado em setembro de 1905. Era armado com uma bateria principal composta por quatro canhões de 283 milímetros, tinha um deslocamento de mais de catorze mil toneladas e conseguia alcançar uma velocidade máxima de dezoito nós. O Hessen teve um início de carreira tranquila que consistiu principalmente de exercícios de rotina. Ele serviu junto com a Frota de Alto-Mar após o início da Primeira Guerra Mundial em 1914, atuando como navio de guarda na foz do rio Elba, patrulhando os estreitos dinamarqueses e apoiando ataques contra cidades litorâneas britânicas. No final de maio e início de junho de 1916 o navio participou da Batalha da Jutlândia, quando deu cobertura para a retirada dos danificados cruzadores de batalha alemães. Voltou para suas funções de guarda depois da batalha até ser descomissionado em dezembro de 1917, sendo então desarmado e usado como depósito em Brunsbüttel até o fim da guerra. O Hessen foi um dos poucos couraçados obsoletos que a Alemanha recebeu permissão para manter após a guerra sob os termos do Tratado de Versalhes. Foi rearmado e reformado, retornando ao serviço ativo em janeiro de 1925 e servindo até ser novamente descomissionado em março de 1935. Ele foi convertido em um navio alvo de tiro controlado por rádio, atuando nessa função até o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial em 1945. Nesse período também serviu como quebra-gelo no Mar Báltico e no Mar do Norte. A embarcação foi entregue à União Soviética em 1946, renomeado para Tsel e comissionado na Marinha Soviética, continuando a operar como navio alvo até ser desmontado em 1960. (pt) 黑森号战列舰（德語：SMS Hessen）为德意志帝国海军所建造的五艘不伦瑞克级前无畏战列舰的三号舰，自1902年开始进行，翌年9月下水，至1905年9月投入舰队服役。以当时的黑森大公国命名，装备有四门，最高速度为18節（33公里每小時）。如同世纪之交建造的所有其他前无畏舰一样，随着英国革命性的无畏号于1906年下水，黑森号很快便被淘汰；因此，它在德国舰队中的运用十分有限。 黑森号在和平年代的役期主要专注于分舰队与舰队的演练和训练巡航。它曾两度遭遇意外碰撞，分别是1911年与一艘丹麦轮船和1913年与一艘德国鱼雷艇相撞。黑森号原定于1914年8月退役，但7月第一次世界大战的爆发打断了这一计划，它仍在公海舰队服役。在最初的两年里，该舰履行过多种职责，在易北河口担任、在丹尼斯海峡巡逻、支援对英国海岸的袭击——包括1914年12月的，以及1916年4月的。接下来的一个月，黑森号参加了战争中规模最大的日德兰海战；期间在5月31日主力舰之间的最后一次日间行动中，它与的其它前无畏舰掩护了从英国战列巡洋分舰队撤退的德国大巡洋舰。 日德兰之役暴露了像黑森号这类前无畏舰在面对更现代化的武器时的诸多不足，因此它与第二分舰队的其余舰只都被撤出舰队。该舰于1916年12月退役，被解除武装，并充当使用直至一战结束。黑森号是德国根据《凡尔赛条约》获准保留的少数几艘过时战列舰之一。重新武装后，它于1920年代至1930年代初在舰队中服役，至1934年退出前线。第二年，黑森号被改装为无线电控制的。它在第二次世界大战期间一直担任此职，也曾在波罗的海及北海担任破冰船。1946年二战结束后，该舰被割让予苏联，并更名为目标号（俄語：Цель），服役至1960年报废。 (zh) |
| dbo:acquirementDate | 1946-01-02 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:builder | dbr:Friedrich_Krupp_Germaniawerft dbr:Kiel |
| dbo:class | dbr:Pre-dreadnought_battleship |
| dbo:commissioningDate | 1905-09-19 (xsd:date) 1946-06-03 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:country | dbr:Germany dbr:Soviet_Union |
| dbo:layingDown | 1902-01-15 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:length | 127.700000 (xsd:double) |
| dbo:powerType | dbr:Scotch_marine_boiler dbr:Water-tube_boiler |
| dbo:recommissioningDate | 1937-07-12 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:shipBeam | 22.200000 (xsd:double) |
| dbo:shipDisplacement | 13208000000.000000 (xsd:double) 14394000000.000000 (xsd:double) |
| dbo:shipDraft | 8.100000 (xsd:double) |
| dbo:shipLaunch | 1903-09-18 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:status | Scrapped, 1960 Ceded to the Soviet Union followingWorld War II |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Bundesarchiv_DVM_10_B...3-56,_Linienschiff_"Hessen".jpg?width |
| dbo:topSpeed | 33.336000 (xsd:double) |
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| dbp:hideHeader | title (en) |
| dbp:shipAcquired | 1946-01-02 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:shipArmament | * 2 × 2 – SK L/40 guns * 14 × SK L/40 guns * 18 × SK L/35 guns * 6 × torpedo tubes (en) |
| dbp:shipArmor | * Belt: * Turrets: * Deck: (en) |
| dbp:shipBuilder | dbr:Friedrich_Krupp_Germaniawerft dbr:Kiel |
| dbp:shipClass | pre-dreadnought battleship (en) |
| dbp:shipCommissioned | 1905-09-19 (xsd:date) 1946-06-03 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:shipComplement | * 35 officers * 708 enlisted men (en) |
| dbp:shipCountry | dbr:Germany dbr:Soviet_Union |
| dbp:shipDisplacement | * Normal: * Full load: (en) |
| dbp:shipFate | Scrapped, 1960 (en) Ceded to the Soviet Union following World War II (en) |
| dbp:shipLaidDown | 1902-01-15 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:shipLaunched | 1903-09-18 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:shipName | Hessen (en) Tsel (en) |
| dbp:shipNamesake | dbr:Hesse |
| dbp:shipPower | * * 8 × water-tube boilers * 6 × cylindrical boilers (en) |
| dbp:shipPropulsion | *3 × triple-expansion steam engines *3 × screw propellers (en) |
| dbp:shipRange | ; (en) |
| dbp:shipReclassified | Converted to target ship, 1937 (en) |
| dbp:shipRecommissioned | 1937-07-12 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:shipStricken | 1935-03-31 (xsd:date) |
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| dcterms:subject | dbc:World_War_I_battleships_of_Germany dbc:Auxiliary_ships_of_the_Soviet_Navy dbc:Braunschweig-class_battleships dbc:Ships_built_in_Kiel dbc:1903_ships dbc:World_War_II_auxiliary_ships_of_Germany |
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| rdfs:comment | SMS Hessen war ein Linienschiff der Braunschweig-Klasse der deutschen Kaiserlichen Marine. Ihre Schwesterschiffe waren SMS Braunschweig, SMS Elsass, SMS Preußen und SMS Lothringen. 1925 bis 1934 war sie bei der Reichsmarine wieder in Dienst. Ab 1937 wurde sie als ferngesteuertes Zielschiff genutzt und nach dem Kriegsende 1946 an die Sowjetunion ausgeliefert. (de) El SMS Hessen fue el tercero de los cinco acorazados pre-dreadnought de la clase Braunschweig de la Kaiserliche Marine. Fue puesto en grada en 1902 y comisionado en 1905. Recibió su nombre en honor al Estado de Hesse. Sus buques gemelos eran Braunschweig, Elsaß, Preußen y Lothringen. (es) Le SMS Hessen est un cuirassé pré-dreadnought de la classe Braunschweig lancé en 1903. Ses sister-ships sont les SMS Braunschweig, SMS Elsaß, SMS Preußen et SMS Lothringen. Il a appartenu à la Kaiserliche Marine, jusqu'en 1918, puis a servi dans la Reichsmarine de 1925 à 1934, puis a servi de navire-cible, et enfin a été livré à la marine soviétique en 1946. (fr) SMS Hessen byla třetí z pěti bitevních lodí (predreadnought) třídy Braunschweig postavených pro německé císařské námořnictvo. Kýl lodi byl položen v loděnici Germaniawerft v Kielu v roce 1902, na vodu byla spuštěna v září 1903 a do služby se dostala v září 1905. Jméno dostala podle státu Hesensko a hlavní výzbroj tvořila 4 děla ráže 280 mm (11 palců). Dosahovala maximální rychlosti 18 uzlů (33 km/h; 21 mph). Stejně jako všechny ostatní predreadnoughty postavené na přelomu století i Hessen rychle zastarala uvedením do služby revoluční lodí HMS Dreadnought v roce 1906; ve výsledku u německého námořnictva zažila omezenou službu. (cs) SMS Hessen was the third of five pre-dreadnought battleships of the Braunschweig class. She was laid down in 1902, was launched in September 1903, and was commissioned into the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) in September 1905. Named after the state of Hesse, the ship was armed with a battery of four 28 cm (11 in) guns and had a top speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph). Like all other pre-dreadnoughts built at the turn of the century, Hessen was quickly made obsolete by the launching of the revolutionary HMS Dreadnought in 1906; as a result, she saw only limited service with the German fleet. (en) O SMS Hessen foi um couraçado pré-dreadnought operado inicialmente pela Marinha Imperial Alemã e depois também pelas sucessoras Marinha do Império e Marinha de Guerra. Foi a terceira embarcação da Classe Braunschweig, depois do SMS Braunschweig e SMS Elsass, e seguido pelo SMS Preussen e SMS Lothringen. Sua construção começou em janeiro de 1902 na Germaniawerft e foi lançado ao mar em setembro do ano seguinte, sendo comissionado em setembro de 1905. Era armado com uma bateria principal composta por quatro canhões de 283 milímetros, tinha um deslocamento de mais de catorze mil toneladas e conseguia alcançar uma velocidade máxima de dezoito nós. (pt) 黑森号战列舰（德語：SMS Hessen）为德意志帝国海军所建造的五艘不伦瑞克级前无畏战列舰的三号舰，自1902年开始进行，翌年9月下水，至1905年9月投入舰队服役。以当时的黑森大公国命名，装备有四门，最高速度为18節（33公里每小時）。如同世纪之交建造的所有其他前无畏舰一样，随着英国革命性的无畏号于1906年下水，黑森号很快便被淘汰；因此，它在德国舰队中的运用十分有限。 黑森号在和平年代的役期主要专注于分舰队与舰队的演练和训练巡航。它曾两度遭遇意外碰撞，分别是1911年与一艘丹麦轮船和1913年与一艘德国鱼雷艇相撞。黑森号原定于1914年8月退役，但7月第一次世界大战的爆发打断了这一计划，它仍在公海舰队服役。在最初的两年里，该舰履行过多种职责，在易北河口担任、在丹尼斯海峡巡逻、支援对英国海岸的袭击——包括1914年12月的，以及1916年4月的。接下来的一个月，黑森号参加了战争中规模最大的日德兰海战；期间在5月31日主力舰之间的最后一次日间行动中，它与的其它前无畏舰掩护了从英国战列巡洋分舰队撤退的德国大巡洋舰。 (zh) |
| rdfs:label | SMS Hessen (cs) SMS Hessen (de) SMS Hessen (es) SMS Hessen (fr) SMS Hessen (en) SMS Hessen (pt) 黑森号战列舰 (zh) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:SMS Hessen yago-res:SMS Hessen wikidata:SMS Hessen dbpedia-cs:SMS Hessen dbpedia-de:SMS Hessen dbpedia-es:SMS Hessen dbpedia-fa:SMS Hessen dbpedia-fi:SMS Hessen dbpedia-fr:SMS Hessen dbpedia-hu:SMS Hessen dbpedia-pt:SMS Hessen dbpedia-vi:SMS Hessen dbpedia-zh:SMS Hessen https://global.dbpedia.org/id/4mn9N |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:SMS_Hessen?oldid=1114739577&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Braunschweig_class_linedrawing.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Map_of_the_Battle_of_Jutland,_1916.svg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/North_and_Baltic_Seas,_1911.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Bundesarchiv_DVM_10_Bild-23-63-56,_Linienschiff_"Hessen".jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Germany_Under_Allied_Occupation_BU12124.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Hessen_battleship.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/SMS_Hessen_postcard_local.png |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:SMS_Hessen |
| foaf:name | Hessen (en) Tsel (en) |
| is dbo:militaryUnit of | dbr:Siegfried_von_Forstner dbr:Kurt_Böhmer |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Rolf_Carls dbr:17_cm_SK_L/40_gun dbr:German_ocean-going_torpedo_boats_and_destroyers_of_World_War_I dbr:Siegfried_von_Forstner dbr:German_Naval_Intelligence_Service dbr:Hermann_Boehm_(admiral) dbr:Kurt_Böhmer |
| is dbp:commands of | dbr:Rolf_Carls dbr:Hermann_Boehm_(admiral) |
| is dbp:unit of | dbr:Kurt_Böhmer |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:SMS_Hessen |
