Sikh gurus (original) (raw)
الغورو السيخ (بالإنجليزية: Sikh gurus) هم مؤسسو الديانة السيخية، وعددهم عشرة غورو. أهمهم الغورو ناناك، والغورو أرجان، والغورو رام داس، وغورو جوبيند سينغ هؤلاء الغورو هم الذين صنعوا عملية الهيكلة والبلوَرَة للشخصية السيخية. وما بينهم غورو أثروا في السيخية لكن بتأثير بسيط جدا وخاصة الغورو الثامن الذي هو أصغر غورو للسيخ حيث توفى وهو عنده ثماني سنوات.
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| dbo:abstract | الغورو السيخ (بالإنجليزية: Sikh gurus) هم مؤسسو الديانة السيخية، وعددهم عشرة غورو. أهمهم الغورو ناناك، والغورو أرجان، والغورو رام داس، وغورو جوبيند سينغ هؤلاء الغورو هم الذين صنعوا عملية الهيكلة والبلوَرَة للشخصية السيخية. وما بينهم غورو أثروا في السيخية لكن بتأثير بسيط جدا وخاصة الغورو الثامن الذي هو أصغر غورو للسيخ حيث توفى وهو عنده ثماني سنوات. (ar) Els gurus del sikhisme van ser cadascun dels primers 10 líders del sikhisme, els únics que van portar el títol de guru (‘mestre’ en sànscrit). El primer mestre va ser el Guru Nanak Dev Ji, qui abans de la seva mort (esdevinguda en 1539) va començar la tradició que permetria al guru nomenar al seu successor. Amb el temps, el guru dels sikhs va esdevenir no només un líder espiritual sinó també militar. El 1708, el Guru Gobind Singh Ji va transferir la seva autoritat a l'escriptura sagrada dels sikhs, el Guru Granth Sahib Ji. (ca) Οι Σιχ-Γκουρού είναι πνευματικοί ηγέτες του Σιχισμού, οι οποίοι καθιέρωσαν τη θρησκεία κατά τη διάρκεια των αιώνων, ξεκινώντας από το 1469. Ο Γκουρού Νάνακ Ντεβ, ο ιδρυτής του Σιχισμού, ήταν ο πρώτος Γκουρού. Οι διάδοχοί τους αποκαλούνταν επίσης «Νάνακ» και χρησιμοποιούσαν το όνομα «Νάνακ» όταν έγραφαν τους πνευματικούς τους στίχους. Υπήρξαν συνολικά δέκα Γκουρού. Το βιβλίο με τα ιερά κείμενα του Σιχισμού, Αντί Γκραντ ή Γκουρού Γκραντ Σαχίμπ, θεωρείται ο ενδέκατος Γκουρού. Δωδέκατος γκουρού είναι η Χάλσα (όλοι οι πιστοί στον κόσμο αποτελούν τον αιώνιο Γκουρού), όπως διατάχθηκε από τον δέκατο Γκουρού Γκομπίντ Σινγκ. (el) Die Sikh-Gurus waren die ersten zehn Führer des Sikhismus, die einzigen, die den Titel Guru (Sanskrit, m., गुरु) innehatten. Die zehn Gurus der Sikhs wirkten in der Zeit von 1469 bis 1708. Der erste war Guru Nanak, der vor seinem Tod (1539) die Tradition begründete, die es dem Guru zu seinen Lebzeiten erlaubte, seinen Nachfolger zu benennen. Gobind Singh, der zehnte und letzte menschliche Guru, starb 1708 an den Folgen eines Attentats. Er hatte die Schrift Guru Granth Sahib (auch als der Ādi Granth = ‚Ur-Buch‘ bezeichnet) zu seinem Nachfolger ernannt und zum ewigen Guru erhoben. (de) Selon le sikhisme, guru vient, étymologiquement, de gu, obscurité, et ru, vers la lumière. Le guru, comme dans l'hindouisme, est donc celui qui mène le disciple de l'obscurité vers la lumière. À ce titre, le guru est indispensable pour atteindre la vérité. Il y a, dans le sikhisme, dix gurus humains auxquels s'ajoute un onzième, le Siri Guru Granth Sahib, livre sacré des sikhs qui regroupe les hymnes et les enseignements des gurus. (fr) The Sikh gurus (Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖ ਗੁਰੂ) are the spiritual masters of Sikhism, who established this religion over the course of about two and a half centuries, beginning in 1469. The year 1469 marks the birth of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. He was succeeded by nine other human gurus until, in 1708, the Guruship was finally passed on by the tenth guru to the holy Sikh scripture, Guru Granth Sahib, which is now considered the living Guru by the followers of the Sikh faith. (en) Per il sikhismo, guru deriva etimologicamente da gu: oscurità e ru: verso la luce. Il guru, come nell'induismo, è colui che guida il discepolo dalle tenebre alla luce. Il Guru Granth Sahib, il libro dei sikh, ricorda a questo proposito, a pagina 463: ਜੇ ਸਉ ਚੰਦਾ ਉਗਵਹਿ ਸੂਰਜ ਚੜਹਿ ਹਜਾਰ ॥ ਏਤੇ ਚਾਨਣ ਹੋਦਿਆਂ ਗੁਰ ਬਿਨੁ ਘੋਰ ਅੰਧਾਰ ॥੨॥ ovvero: Anche se ci sono un centinaio di lune e mille soli, Anche con tale luce, il buio persiterà senza la presenza del guru. Maaroo, First Mehl: For endless eons, there was only utter darkness. - Per infiniti eoni, c'era solo l'oscurità totale. There was no earth or sky; there was only the infinite Command of His Hukam. - Non c'era terra o cielo; c'era solo il comando infinito del suo Hukam(ordine). There was no day or night, no moon or sun; God sat in primal, profound Samaadhi. - Non c'era né giorno né notte, né luna né sole; Dio sedeva nel Samaadhi(meditazione) primordiale e profondo. There were no sources of creation or powers of speech, no air or water. - Non c'erano fonti di creazione o poteri di parola, né aria né acqua. There was no creation or destruction, no coming or going. - Non c'era creazione o distruzione, né andare né venire. There were no continents, nether regions, seven seas, rivers or flowing water. - Non c'erano continenti, regioni inferiori, sette mari, fiumi o acqua corrente. There were no heavenly realms, earth or nether regions of the underworld. - Non c'erano regni celesti, regioni terrestri o infernali degli inferi. There was no heaven or hell, no death or time. - Non c'era paradiso o inferno, né morte né tempo. There was no hell or heaven, no birth or death, no coming or going in reincarnation. | |
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| rdfs:comment | الغورو السيخ (بالإنجليزية: Sikh gurus) هم مؤسسو الديانة السيخية، وعددهم عشرة غورو. أهمهم الغورو ناناك، والغورو أرجان، والغورو رام داس، وغورو جوبيند سينغ هؤلاء الغورو هم الذين صنعوا عملية الهيكلة والبلوَرَة للشخصية السيخية. وما بينهم غورو أثروا في السيخية لكن بتأثير بسيط جدا وخاصة الغورو الثامن الذي هو أصغر غورو للسيخ حيث توفى وهو عنده ثماني سنوات. (ar) Els gurus del sikhisme van ser cadascun dels primers 10 líders del sikhisme, els únics que van portar el títol de guru (‘mestre’ en sànscrit). El primer mestre va ser el Guru Nanak Dev Ji, qui abans de la seva mort (esdevinguda en 1539) va començar la tradició que permetria al guru nomenar al seu successor. Amb el temps, el guru dels sikhs va esdevenir no només un líder espiritual sinó també militar. El 1708, el Guru Gobind Singh Ji va transferir la seva autoritat a l'escriptura sagrada dels sikhs, el Guru Granth Sahib Ji. (ca) Die Sikh-Gurus waren die ersten zehn Führer des Sikhismus, die einzigen, die den Titel Guru (Sanskrit, m., गुरु) innehatten. Die zehn Gurus der Sikhs wirkten in der Zeit von 1469 bis 1708. Der erste war Guru Nanak, der vor seinem Tod (1539) die Tradition begründete, die es dem Guru zu seinen Lebzeiten erlaubte, seinen Nachfolger zu benennen. Gobind Singh, der zehnte und letzte menschliche Guru, starb 1708 an den Folgen eines Attentats. Er hatte die Schrift Guru Granth Sahib (auch als der Ādi Granth = ‚Ur-Buch‘ bezeichnet) zu seinem Nachfolger ernannt und zum ewigen Guru erhoben. (de) Selon le sikhisme, guru vient, étymologiquement, de gu, obscurité, et ru, vers la lumière. Le guru, comme dans l'hindouisme, est donc celui qui mène le disciple de l'obscurité vers la lumière. À ce titre, le guru est indispensable pour atteindre la vérité. Il y a, dans le sikhisme, dix gurus humains auxquels s'ajoute un onzième, le Siri Guru Granth Sahib, livre sacré des sikhs qui regroupe les hymnes et les enseignements des gurus. (fr) The Sikh gurus (Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖ ਗੁਰੂ) are the spiritual masters of Sikhism, who established this religion over the course of about two and a half centuries, beginning in 1469. The year 1469 marks the birth of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. He was succeeded by nine other human gurus until, in 1708, the Guruship was finally passed on by the tenth guru to the holy Sikh scripture, Guru Granth Sahib, which is now considered the living Guru by the followers of the Sikh faith. (en) Οι Σιχ-Γκουρού είναι πνευματικοί ηγέτες του Σιχισμού, οι οποίοι καθιέρωσαν τη θρησκεία κατά τη διάρκεια των αιώνων, ξεκινώντας από το 1469. Ο Γκουρού Νάνακ Ντεβ, ο ιδρυτής του Σιχισμού, ήταν ο πρώτος Γκουρού. Οι διάδοχοί τους αποκαλούνταν επίσης «Νάνακ» και χρησιμοποιούσαν το όνομα «Νάνακ» όταν έγραφαν τους πνευματικούς τους στίχους. (el) Per il sikhismo, guru deriva etimologicamente da gu: oscurità e ru: verso la luce. Il guru, come nell'induismo, è colui che guida il discepolo dalle tenebre alla luce. Il Guru Granth Sahib, il libro dei sikh, ricorda a questo proposito, a pagina 463: ਜੇ ਸਉ ਚੰਦਾ ਉਗਵਹਿ ਸੂਰਜ ਚੜਹਿ ਹਜਾਰ ॥ ਏਤੇ ਚਾਨਣ ਹੋਦਿਆਂ ਗੁਰ ਬਿਨੁ ਘੋਰ ਅੰਧਾਰ ॥੨॥ ovvero: Anche se ci sono un centinaio di lune e mille soli, Anche con tale luce, il buio persiterà senza la presenza del guru. Maaroo, First Mehl: For endless eons, there was only utter darkness. - Per infiniti eoni, c'era solo l'oscurità totale. (it) Esta é a lista de gurus siques, ao longo dos quais a religião sique foi estabelecida ao longo dos séculos, iniciando-se em 1469. Guru Nanak foi o primeiro Guru e subsequentemente cada Guru, sucessivamente, foi referido como "Nanak", e como "Luz", fazendo suas revelações equivalentes nas escrituras sagradas. Todos os gurus autointitularam-se "Nanak" enquanto fizeram suas revelações espirituais. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Sikh gurus (en) الغورو السيخ (ar) Gurus del sikhisme (ca) Sikh-Gurus (de) Σιχ-Γκουρού (el) Gurus du sikhisme (fr) Guru del sikhismo (it) Lista de gurus siques (pt) |
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