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St Mawes Castle (Kornisch: Kastel Lannvowsedh) und ihre größere Schwesterburg Pendennis Castle wurden auf Geheiß Heinrichs VIII. als Teil einer Kette von Festungen an der Südküste der englischen Grafschaft Cornwall gebaut. Diese Kette von Küstenfestungen heißt auch Henrician Castles. St Mawes Castle wurde von 1540 bis 1545 auf halber Höhe des Hanges am Ostufer des Ästuars des erbaut, um die Carrick Roads, eine große Bucht bei Falmouth vor Angriffen feindlicher Truppen zu schützen. (de) St Mawes Castle (Cornish: Kastel Lannvowsedh) is an artillery fort constructed by Henry VIII near Falmouth, Cornwall, between 1540 and 1542. It formed part of the King's Device programme to protect against invasion from France and the Holy Roman Empire, and defended the Carrick Roads waterway at the mouth of the River Fal. The castle was built under the direction of Thomas Treffry to a clover leaf design, with a four-storey central tower and three protruding, round bastions that formed gun platforms. It was initially armed with 19 artillery pieces, intended for use against enemy shipping, operating in partnership with its sister castle of Pendennis on the other side of the estuary. During the English Civil War, St Mawes was held by Royalist supporters of King Charles I, but surrendered to a Parliamentary army in 1646 in the final phase of the conflict. The castle continued in use as a fort through the 18th and 19th centuries. In the early 1850s, fears of a fresh conflict with France, combined with changes in military technology, led to the redevelopment of the fortification. The out-dated Henrician castle was turned into a barracks and substantial gun batteries were constructed beneath it, equipped with the latest naval artillery. In the 1880s and 1890s an electrically operated minefield was laid across the River Fal, operated from St Mawes and Pendennis, and new, quick-firing guns were installed at St Mawes to support these defences. After 1905, however, St Mawes' guns were removed, and between 1920 and 1939 it was run by the state as a tourist attraction. Brought back into service in the Second World War, naval artillery and an anti-aircraft gun were installed at the castle to defend against the risk of German attack. With the end of the war, St Mawes again returned to use as a tourist attraction. In the 21st century, the castle is operated by English Heritage. The castle has elaborate, carved 16th-century decorations including sea monsters and gargoyles, and the historian Paul Pattison has described the site as "arguably the most perfect survivor of all Henry's forts". The castle is a scheduled monument and Grade I listed building. (en) Il castello di St Mawes (in inglese: St Mawes Castle) è un castello fortificato del villaggio di Saint Mawes, in Cornovaglia (Inghilterra sud-occidentale), costruito tra il 1539/1540 e il 1543/1545 per volere di Enrico VIII. È considerato uno dei migliori esempi di ingegneria militare di epoca Tudor e delle fortezze costiere volute da Enrico VIII di cui sia rimasta traccia. (it) St Mawes Castle är ett slott i Storbritannien. Det ligger i grevskapet Cornwall och riksdelen England, i den södra delen av landet, 400 km väster om huvudstaden London. St Mawes Castle ligger 5 meter över havet. Terrängen runt St Mawes Castle är platt. Havet är nära St Mawes Castle åt sydost. Den högsta punkten i närheten är 69 meter över havet, 1,0 km norr om St Mawes Castle. Närmaste större samhälle är Falmouth, 3,4 km väster om St Mawes Castle. Klimatet i området är tempererat. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är 10 °C. Den varmaste månaden är juni, då medeltemperaturen är 14 °C, och den kallaste är januari, med 6 °C. (sv) |
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St Mawes Castle (Kornisch: Kastel Lannvowsedh) und ihre größere Schwesterburg Pendennis Castle wurden auf Geheiß Heinrichs VIII. als Teil einer Kette von Festungen an der Südküste der englischen Grafschaft Cornwall gebaut. Diese Kette von Küstenfestungen heißt auch Henrician Castles. St Mawes Castle wurde von 1540 bis 1545 auf halber Höhe des Hanges am Ostufer des Ästuars des erbaut, um die Carrick Roads, eine große Bucht bei Falmouth vor Angriffen feindlicher Truppen zu schützen. (de) Il castello di St Mawes (in inglese: St Mawes Castle) è un castello fortificato del villaggio di Saint Mawes, in Cornovaglia (Inghilterra sud-occidentale), costruito tra il 1539/1540 e il 1543/1545 per volere di Enrico VIII. È considerato uno dei migliori esempi di ingegneria militare di epoca Tudor e delle fortezze costiere volute da Enrico VIII di cui sia rimasta traccia. (it) St Mawes Castle (Cornish: Kastel Lannvowsedh) is an artillery fort constructed by Henry VIII near Falmouth, Cornwall, between 1540 and 1542. It formed part of the King's Device programme to protect against invasion from France and the Holy Roman Empire, and defended the Carrick Roads waterway at the mouth of the River Fal. The castle was built under the direction of Thomas Treffry to a clover leaf design, with a four-storey central tower and three protruding, round bastions that formed gun platforms. It was initially armed with 19 artillery pieces, intended for use against enemy shipping, operating in partnership with its sister castle of Pendennis on the other side of the estuary. During the English Civil War, St Mawes was held by Royalist supporters of King Charles I, but surrendered to (en) St Mawes Castle är ett slott i Storbritannien. Det ligger i grevskapet Cornwall och riksdelen England, i den södra delen av landet, 400 km väster om huvudstaden London. St Mawes Castle ligger 5 meter över havet. Terrängen runt St Mawes Castle är platt. Havet är nära St Mawes Castle åt sydost. Den högsta punkten i närheten är 69 meter över havet, 1,0 km norr om St Mawes Castle. Närmaste större samhälle är Falmouth, 3,4 km väster om St Mawes Castle. (sv) |
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