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Anti-Italianism or Italophobia is a negative attitude regarding Italian people or people with Italian ancestry, often expressed through the use of prejudice, discrimination or stereotypes. Its opposite is Italophilia. (en) L’italophobie ou l'anti-italianisme (ce néologisme signifie littéralement « la crainte de l'Italien ») est une attitude exprimée de manière négative à l’égard des Italiens ou des personnes d’ascendance italienne, qui commence par le biais de préjugés ou de stéréotypes. Son contraire est l'italophilie. (fr) L'antitalianismo (scritto alle volte anche antiitalianismo e anti-italianismo), o più raramente italofobia, è un fenomeno di discriminazione etnica contro gli italiani e l'Italia. Il contrario è l'italofilia. Il fenomeno è attestato soprattutto nel Nordamerica (Stati Uniti d'America, Canada), dell'Europa centro-settentrionale (Germania, Svezia, Austria, Svizzera, Belgio, Francia e Regno Unito) e balcanici (Slovenia e in alcune zone della Croazia), le cui cause possono esser attribuite all'emigrazione italiana di massa nel XIX e XX secolo (specie per i primi due casi), ad eventi storici traumatici, soprattutto di natura bellica, oppure ad ostilità nazionalistiche ed etniche. (it) 反意或恐意是指對意大利人或意大利先人的負面態度,與它相反意思的是。 (zh) |
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http://www.rps.psu.edu/0405/dark.html https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=hWkQNm6MOxQC&q=On+Persecution,+Identity+%26+Activisim&pg=PP1 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=ube8O40i07wC&pg=PA7 https://web.archive.org/web/20071009005147/http:/www.crescentcitylynchings.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20130606051501/http:/us.macmillan.com/antiitalianism/WilliamConnell |
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Because many writers have uncritically repeated stereotypes shared by their sources, biases and prejudices have taken on the status of objective observations, including the idea that the Germans and British were the only belligerents in the Mediterranean after Italian setbacks in early 1941. Sadkovich questioned this point of view in Of Myths and Men and The Italian Navy, but persistent stereotypes, including that of the incompetent Italian, are well entrenched in the literature, from Puleston's early The Influence of Sea Power, to Gooch's Italian Military Incompetence, to more recent publications by Mack Smith, Knox and Sullivan. Wartime bias in early British and American histories, which focused on German operations, dismissed Italian forces as inept and or unimportant, and viewed Germany as the pivotal power in Europe during the interwar period. (en) |
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—Loyd E. Lee and Robin D. S. Higham, World War II in Europe, Africa, and the Americas, with General Sources: A Handbook of Literature and Research. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997, . (en) |
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Anti-Italianism or Italophobia is a negative attitude regarding Italian people or people with Italian ancestry, often expressed through the use of prejudice, discrimination or stereotypes. Its opposite is Italophilia. (en) L’italophobie ou l'anti-italianisme (ce néologisme signifie littéralement « la crainte de l'Italien ») est une attitude exprimée de manière négative à l’égard des Italiens ou des personnes d’ascendance italienne, qui commence par le biais de préjugés ou de stéréotypes. Son contraire est l'italophilie. (fr) 反意或恐意是指對意大利人或意大利先人的負面態度,與它相反意思的是。 (zh) L'antitalianismo (scritto alle volte anche antiitalianismo e anti-italianismo), o più raramente italofobia, è un fenomeno di discriminazione etnica contro gli italiani e l'Italia. Il contrario è l'italofilia. (it) |
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Anti-Italianism (en) Italophobie (fr) Antitalianismo (it) 反意 (zh) |
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