Tea Act (original) (raw)
La Llei del Te (en anglès: Tea Act) va ser una llei promulgada pel Parlament del Regne de la Gran Bretanya el maig de 1773 que permetia a la Companyia Britànica de les Índies Orientals vendre el seu te a les Tretze Colònies d'Amèrica del Nord sense pagar impostos. La llei es va promulgar per intentar rellançar la companyia, que es trobava en una greu crisi, atorgant-li un lloc monopolista en el comerç britànic. Com a conseqüència, els colons de les Tretze Colònies van iniciar un boicot al te britànic per que va culminar amb el Motí del té de Boston.
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| dbo:abstract | Čajový zákon (anglicky Tea Act) byl britský zákon, který schválil britský parlament v roce 1773. Zákon byl prosazen a schválen především ve snaze finančně ulevit Východoindické společnosti, která se dostala do hospodářských potíží. Čaj navíc nekončil u zákazníků, ale byl skladován v londýnských skladech. Kromě toho měl zákon také pomoci s pašováním nelegálního čaje, který připlouval do Velké Británie z kolonií v Severní Americe. Kolonisté měli namísto vlastního čaje nakupovat čaj od Východoindické společnosti, který byl samozřejmě zdaněný. Zákon také umožnil Východoindické společnosti vyvážet čaj přímo do Severní Ameriky, čímž by se rozšířil její trh. Severoameričtí kolonisté si uvědomili, jaký na ně bude mít nový zákon dopad. Velmi rychle začali tamní obchodníci, řemeslníci a pašeráci bojkotovat nově dovážený čaj. Dohromady se dali především ti, kteří hlasitě protestovali již proti kolkovému zákonu v roce 1765. Lodím byla odepírána možnost vyložit náklad čaje v amerických přístavech. V prosinci 1773 vyvrcholila vlna nespokojenosti v událost, známou jako Bostonské pití čaje, kdy byl náklad z lodi vyházen do vody. Situace vedla k zhoršení vztahů mezi kolonisty a Velkou Británií a následně k válce za nezávislost. (cs) La Llei del Te (en anglès: Tea Act) va ser una llei promulgada pel Parlament del Regne de la Gran Bretanya el maig de 1773 que permetia a la Companyia Britànica de les Índies Orientals vendre el seu te a les Tretze Colònies d'Amèrica del Nord sense pagar impostos. La llei es va promulgar per intentar rellançar la companyia, que es trobava en una greu crisi, atorgant-li un lloc monopolista en el comerç britànic. Com a conseqüència, els colons de les Tretze Colònies van iniciar un boicot al te britànic per que va culminar amb el Motí del té de Boston. (ca) La Ley(del inglés: Tea Act) fue una ley promulgada por el Parlamento del Reino de Gran Bretaña en mayo de 1773 que permitía a la Compañía Británica de las Indias Orientales vender su té en las Trece Colonias de América del Norte sin pagar impuestos. La ley se promulgó para tratar de relanzar a la Compañía, que se encontraba en una grave crisis, otorgándole un lugar monopolista en el comercio británico. Como consecuencia, se inició un boicot al té británico por parte de los colonos de las Trece Colonias, que culminó con el Motín del té de Boston. (es) Le Tea Act était une loi votée en mai 1773 par le Parlement britannique, qui permettait à la Compagnie anglaise des Indes orientales de vendre son thé aux colonies de l'Amérique du Nord sans s'acquitter de taxes. Cette loi a été créée pour venir en aide à la Compagnie des Indes, qui traversait une grave crise économique, en lui facilitant l'accession au monopole de la vente de thé dans les colonies britanniques. La famine de 1769-1770 a provoqué la mort de 7 à 10 millions de Bengalis en Inde. De plus, les marchés européens étaient en crise. La compagnie n'arrivait plus à vendre son thé. Le Parlement britannique fit une concession aux colons américains en abrogeant les controversés Townshend Acts. La taxe sur le thé, bien que très faible, fut la seule conservée afin de confirmer la légitimité d'une taxation des colonies par Londres. Les conséquences du Tea Act, qui s'inscrit dans une série d'autres lois, furent le boycott du thé par les colons américains et la Boston Tea Party. (fr) Tea Act adalah undang-undang yang dikeluarkan oleh Parlemen Britania Raya. Undang-undang ini bertujuan untuk memperbesar monopoli teh British East India Company ke seluruh koloni Britania, dengan menjual kelebihan teh dalam harga yang rendah. Tea Act disetujui pada 10 Mei 1773. Sebelumnya, East India Company diharuskan menjual tehnya hanya ke London, dengan pajak sekitar dua shilling dan enam pence per pon. Akibatnya, penyelundup mendapat kesempatan untuk mengimpor dan menyebarkan teh yang bebas pajak ke seluruh koloni Amerika. Parlemen Britania berharap bahwa apabila kolonis punya teh yang murah, penyelundupan akan berhenti. Pada tahun 1774, EIC hampir bangkrut karena pembayaran kontrak 400.000 pound per tahun kepada pemerintah Britania; perang dan kelaparan di India; dan tidak bergairahnya pasar Eropa. Benjamin Franklin adalah contoh tokoh yang mengusulkan bahwa keadaan akan membaik apabila EIC diperbolehkan mengekspor tehnya langsung ke koloni-koloni tanpa membayar pajak di London. Dalam undang-undang disebutkan bahwa Britania akan membayar 4/5 biaya pengiriman teh ke Amerika, sehingga harganya bisa dijual lebih murah daripada teh yang diselundupkan. Banyak kolonis yang menentang undang-undang ini karena akan menyelamatkan EIC yang monopolistik, serta mengesahkan pajak yang diterapkan melalui tahun 1767, yaitu pajak teh. Maka meletuslah Boston Tea Party yang akan menyebabkan Perang Revolusi Amerika. Undang-undang ini dihapuskan melalui , tetapi undang-undang tersebut tak mampu menghentikan revolusi. (in) The Tea Act 1773 (13 Geo 3 c 44) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The principal objective was to reduce the massive amount of tea held by the financially troubled British East India Company in its London warehouses and to help the struggling company survive. A related objective was to undercut the price of illegal tea, smuggled into Britain's North American colonies. This was supposed to convince the colonists to purchase Company tea on which the Townshend duties were paid, thus implicitly agreeing to accept Parliament's right of taxation. Smuggled tea was a large issue for Britain and the East India Company, since approximately 86% of all the tea in America at the time was smuggled Dutch tea. The Act granted the Company the right to directly ship its tea to North America and the right to the duty-free export of tea from Britain, although the tax imposed by the Townshend Acts and collected in the colonies remained in force. It received the royal assent on May 10, 1773. Colonists in the Thirteen Colonies recognized the implications of the Act's provisions, and a coalition of merchants, smugglers, and artisans similar to that which had opposed the Stamp Act 1765 mobilized opposition to the delivery and distribution of the tea. The company's authorised consignees were harassed, and in many colonies, successful efforts were made to prevent the tea from being landed. In Boston, this resistance culminated in the Boston Tea Party on December 16, 1773, when colonists (some disguised as Native Americans, since they identified themselves as “Americans” and no longer considered themselves British subjects) boarded tea ships anchored in the harbour and dumped their tea cargo overboard. Parliamentary reaction to this event included the passage of the Coercive Acts, designed to punish Massachusetts for its resistance, and the appointment of General Thomas Gage as royal governor of Massachusetts. These actions further raised tensions that led to the eruption of the American War of Independence in April 1775. Parliament passed the Taxation of Colonies Act 1778, which repealed a number of taxes (including the tea tax that underlay this act) as one of a number of conciliatory proposals presented to the Second Continental Congress by the Carlisle Peace Commission. The commission's proposals were rejected. The Act effectively became a "dead letter", but was not formally removed from the books until the passage of the Statute Law Revision Act 1861. (en) 차법(Tea Act)은 1773년 5월 10일 영국 의회에 의해 제정된 법률이다. 이 법의 주요한 목적은 런던의 창고에 쌓아 둔 막대한 차의 잉여로 인해 재정적 곤란에 처한 영국 동인도 회사에 도움을 주기 위한 법이다. 또 다른 목적으로는 미국 식민지에서 밀수된 차 가격을 하락시키려는 목적도 있었다. 이것은 타운젠드 관세가 붙은 동인도 회사의 차를 식민지가 구입하게 함으로써 의회의 과세 권한을 수용하게 하려는 의도였다. 이 법은 동인도 회사가 직접 북아메리카로 차를 싣고 갈 권리와 영국으로부터 가져온 차의 면세 수출 권한을 승인한 법이다. 이것은 〈타운젠드법〉으로 부과된 세금을 식민지에 강제로 징수하게 한 것이다. 이 법은 1773년 5월 10일 왕의 동의를 받게 된다. (ko) 茶法（ちゃほう、英: Tea Act）は、イギリスがアメリカ植民地への茶の直送と独占専売権を、東インド会社に与えた法令。茶条令とも言う。 (ja) La tassa sul tè fu un'imposizione fiscale istituita con legge del Parlamento della Gran Bretagna, che nel 1773 la istituì con lo scopo principale di ridurre la gran quantità di tè immagazzinata in Londra dalla traballante Compagnia britannica delle Indie orientali (British East India Company) e aiutare quest'ultima a superare le difficoltà in cui si trovava. Un obiettivo connesso era quello di tagliare il prezzo del tè venduto illegalmente in quanto importato di contrabbando nelle colonie americane della Gran Bretagna. Si ritenne di convincere i coloni ad acquistare il tè della Compagnia, sul quale gravavano i dazi imposti dalle "leggi Townshend", implicando con ciò il riconoscimento del diritto d'imposizione fiscale da parte del Parlamento. Il tè di contrabbando era un grosso problema per la Gran Bretagna e per la Compagnia delle Indie Orientali, dato che circa lꞌ86% del tè a quel tempo in America era tè olandese contrabbandato. La legge assicurava alla Compagnia il diritto d'inviare direttamente il suo tè via nave in Nordamerica e quello di esportarlo dalla Gran Bretagna franco di tasse, benché la tassa imposta dalle leggi Townshend nelle colonie rimanesse in vigore. La legge ebbe lꞌassenso reale il 10 maggio 1773. I coloni delle Tredici colonie si resero conto delle implicazioni dei provvedimenti della legge e una coalizione di mercanti, contrabbandieri e artigiani, simile a quella che si era opposta alla Legge del Bollo del 1765 mobilitò lꞌopposizione alla consegna e alla distribuzione del tè. I consegnatari autorizzati furono turbati e in molte colonie furono fatti con successo sforzi per impedire lo sbarco di tè. A Boston, questa resistenza culminò nel Boston Tea Party del 16 dicembre 1773, quando i coloni (alcuni travestiti da Nativi Americani, poiché s'identificavano come "Americani" e non più soggetti Britannici), abbordarono le navi che trasportavano tè e gettarono a mare il loro carico. Le reazioni del Parlamento a questo evento inclusero il passaggio delle Leggi intollerabili (ingl. Intolerable Acts, amer. Coercive Acts), approvate per punire il Massachusetts per la sua resistenza, e l'incarico al Generale Thomas Gage di Governatore del Massachusetts. Questi atti acuirono ulteriormente le tensioni che condussero allo scoppio della Guerra d'indipendenza americana nell'aprile del 1775. Il Parlamento approvò la legge sulla tassazione delle colonie nel 1778, che abrogò un certo numero di tasse (compresa la tassa sul tè che era il presupposto di questa legge) come una fra un numero di proposte conciliatrici presentate al Secondo congresso continentale dalla Commissione di Pace Carlisle. Le proposte della commissione furono respinte. La legge rimase di fatto "lettera morta", ma non fu formalmente abrogata fino all'approvazione dello Statuto di Revisione della Legge nel 1861. (it) De Tea Act (theewet) (13 Geo 3 c 44) was een in mei 1773 door het Parlement van het Verenigd Koninkrijk gestemde wet, die aan de Britse Oost-Indische Compagnie toestemming gaf om haar thee vanuit Groot-Brittannië te exporteren naar de Britse kolonies in Noord-Amerika zonder de verplichting op de export taksen te betalen. Deze wet werd gecreëerd om de Britse Oost-Indische Compagnie ter hulp te komen, die toentertijd een zware economische crisis onderging, door het monopolie op de verkoop van thee in de Britse kolonies verder te vergroten. De hongersnood van 1769-1770 had namelijk geleid tot de dood van 7 tot 10 miljoen Bengalen in India en daarnaast bevonden de Europese markten zich in een crisis. De Britse Oost-Indische Compagnie slaagde er niet in om haar thee in haar warenhuizen in Londen te verkopen (deels doordat in de Britse kolonies Nederlandse thee werd binnengesmokkeld en aan lagere prijzen dan de Britse thee werd verkocht). Het Britse Parlement had in maart 1770 een concessie aan de Amerikaanse kolonisten gedaan door middel van de intrekking van de omstreden Townshend Acts. Maar de belasting op de thee, hoewel erg laag, was de enige die bewaard bleef ter bevestiging van de legitimiteit van het belasten van de kolonies door Londen. De gevolgen van de Tea Act, die deel uitmaakte van een reeks andere wetten (Stamp Act), waren de boycot van Britse thee door de Amerikaanse kolonisten en de Boston Tea Party. (nl) A Lei do Chá (em inglês, Tea Act) foi uma manobra legislativa feita pelo ministro Lorde North para tornar o chá inglês vendável na América. A lei passou pelo parlamento britânico em 10 de maio de 1773. (pt) Tea Act var en lag som det brittiska parlamentet beslutade om den 10 maj 1773. Med lagen blev Brittiska Ostindiska kompaniet licensierad teexportör till de Tretton kolonierna i Nordamerika, och gav det rätten att transportera te direkt till Nordamerika. Företaget behövde inte längre sälja sitt te på London Tea Auction. Beslutets följder ledde till tebjudningen i Boston i december samma år. (sv) |
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| dbp:commencement | 1773-05-10 (xsd:date) |
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| dbp:longTitle | An act to allow a drawback of the duties of customs on the exportation of tea or oil to any of his Majesty's colonies or plantations or farms in America; to increase the deposit on bohea tea to be sold at the East India Company's sales, and to empower the commissioners of the treasury to grant licenses to the East India Company to export tea duty-free. (en) |
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| dbp:parliament | Parliament of Great Britain (en) |
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| dbp:status | Repealed (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | La Llei del Te (en anglès: Tea Act) va ser una llei promulgada pel Parlament del Regne de la Gran Bretanya el maig de 1773 que permetia a la Companyia Britànica de les Índies Orientals vendre el seu te a les Tretze Colònies d'Amèrica del Nord sense pagar impostos. La llei es va promulgar per intentar rellançar la companyia, que es trobava en una greu crisi, atorgant-li un lloc monopolista en el comerç britànic. Com a conseqüència, els colons de les Tretze Colònies van iniciar un boicot al te britànic per que va culminar amb el Motí del té de Boston. (ca) La Ley(del inglés: Tea Act) fue una ley promulgada por el Parlamento del Reino de Gran Bretaña en mayo de 1773 que permitía a la Compañía Británica de las Indias Orientales vender su té en las Trece Colonias de América del Norte sin pagar impuestos. La ley se promulgó para tratar de relanzar a la Compañía, que se encontraba en una grave crisis, otorgándole un lugar monopolista en el comercio británico. Como consecuencia, se inició un boicot al té británico por parte de los colonos de las Trece Colonias, que culminó con el Motín del té de Boston. (es) 차법(Tea Act)은 1773년 5월 10일 영국 의회에 의해 제정된 법률이다. 이 법의 주요한 목적은 런던의 창고에 쌓아 둔 막대한 차의 잉여로 인해 재정적 곤란에 처한 영국 동인도 회사에 도움을 주기 위한 법이다. 또 다른 목적으로는 미국 식민지에서 밀수된 차 가격을 하락시키려는 목적도 있었다. 이것은 타운젠드 관세가 붙은 동인도 회사의 차를 식민지가 구입하게 함으로써 의회의 과세 권한을 수용하게 하려는 의도였다. 이 법은 동인도 회사가 직접 북아메리카로 차를 싣고 갈 권리와 영국으로부터 가져온 차의 면세 수출 권한을 승인한 법이다. 이것은 〈타운젠드법〉으로 부과된 세금을 식민지에 강제로 징수하게 한 것이다. 이 법은 1773년 5월 10일 왕의 동의를 받게 된다. (ko) 茶法（ちゃほう、英: Tea Act）は、イギリスがアメリカ植民地への茶の直送と独占専売権を、東インド会社に与えた法令。茶条令とも言う。 (ja) A Lei do Chá (em inglês, Tea Act) foi uma manobra legislativa feita pelo ministro Lorde North para tornar o chá inglês vendável na América. A lei passou pelo parlamento britânico em 10 de maio de 1773. (pt) Tea Act var en lag som det brittiska parlamentet beslutade om den 10 maj 1773. Med lagen blev Brittiska Ostindiska kompaniet licensierad teexportör till de Tretton kolonierna i Nordamerika, och gav det rätten att transportera te direkt till Nordamerika. Företaget behövde inte längre sälja sitt te på London Tea Auction. Beslutets följder ledde till tebjudningen i Boston i december samma år. (sv) Čajový zákon (anglicky Tea Act) byl britský zákon, který schválil britský parlament v roce 1773. Zákon byl prosazen a schválen především ve snaze finančně ulevit Východoindické společnosti, která se dostala do hospodářských potíží. Čaj navíc nekončil u zákazníků, ale byl skladován v londýnských skladech. Kromě toho měl zákon také pomoci s pašováním nelegálního čaje, který připlouval do Velké Británie z kolonií v Severní Americe. Kolonisté měli namísto vlastního čaje nakupovat čaj od Východoindické společnosti, který byl samozřejmě zdaněný. Zákon také umožnil Východoindické společnosti vyvážet čaj přímo do Severní Ameriky, čímž by se rozšířil její trh. (cs) Le Tea Act était une loi votée en mai 1773 par le Parlement britannique, qui permettait à la Compagnie anglaise des Indes orientales de vendre son thé aux colonies de l'Amérique du Nord sans s'acquitter de taxes. Cette loi a été créée pour venir en aide à la Compagnie des Indes, qui traversait une grave crise économique, en lui facilitant l'accession au monopole de la vente de thé dans les colonies britanniques. La famine de 1769-1770 a provoqué la mort de 7 à 10 millions de Bengalis en Inde. De plus, les marchés européens étaient en crise. La compagnie n'arrivait plus à vendre son thé. (fr) Tea Act adalah undang-undang yang dikeluarkan oleh Parlemen Britania Raya. Undang-undang ini bertujuan untuk memperbesar monopoli teh British East India Company ke seluruh koloni Britania, dengan menjual kelebihan teh dalam harga yang rendah. Tea Act disetujui pada 10 Mei 1773. Dalam undang-undang disebutkan bahwa Britania akan membayar 4/5 biaya pengiriman teh ke Amerika, sehingga harganya bisa dijual lebih murah daripada teh yang diselundupkan. Undang-undang ini dihapuskan melalui , tetapi undang-undang tersebut tak mampu menghentikan revolusi. (in) The Tea Act 1773 (13 Geo 3 c 44) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The principal objective was to reduce the massive amount of tea held by the financially troubled British East India Company in its London warehouses and to help the struggling company survive. A related objective was to undercut the price of illegal tea, smuggled into Britain's North American colonies. This was supposed to convince the colonists to purchase Company tea on which the Townshend duties were paid, thus implicitly agreeing to accept Parliament's right of taxation. Smuggled tea was a large issue for Britain and the East India Company, since approximately 86% of all the tea in America at the time was smuggled Dutch tea. (en) La tassa sul tè fu un'imposizione fiscale istituita con legge del Parlamento della Gran Bretagna, che nel 1773 la istituì con lo scopo principale di ridurre la gran quantità di tè immagazzinata in Londra dalla traballante Compagnia britannica delle Indie orientali (British East India Company) e aiutare quest'ultima a superare le difficoltà in cui si trovava. Un obiettivo connesso era quello di tagliare il prezzo del tè venduto illegalmente in quanto importato di contrabbando nelle colonie americane della Gran Bretagna. Si ritenne di convincere i coloni ad acquistare il tè della Compagnia, sul quale gravavano i dazi imposti dalle "leggi Townshend", implicando con ciò il riconoscimento del diritto d'imposizione fiscale da parte del Parlamento. Il tè di contrabbando era un grosso problema per (it) De Tea Act (theewet) (13 Geo 3 c 44) was een in mei 1773 door het Parlement van het Verenigd Koninkrijk gestemde wet, die aan de Britse Oost-Indische Compagnie toestemming gaf om haar thee vanuit Groot-Brittannië te exporteren naar de Britse kolonies in Noord-Amerika zonder de verplichting op de export taksen te betalen. De gevolgen van de Tea Act, die deel uitmaakte van een reeks andere wetten (Stamp Act), waren de boycot van Britse thee door de Amerikaanse kolonisten en de Boston Tea Party. (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Llei del te (ca) Čajový zákon (cs) Ley del Té (es) Tea Act (in) Tea Act (fr) Tassa sul tè (it) 茶法 (ja) 차법 (ko) Tea Act (nl) Tea Act (en) Lei do Chá (pt) Tea Act (sv) |
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