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Tiruvannamalai (Tamil: திருவண்ணாமலை Tiruvaṇṇāmalai [ˈtiɾɯʋaɳːaːmalɛi̯], auch Thiruvannamalai) ist eine Stadt im südindischen Bundesstaat Tamil Nadu mit rund 145.000 Einwohnern (Volkszählung 2011). Sie liegt am Rande der Talebene des Flusses zu Füßen des Berges Arunachala, eines Ausläufers der Ostghats, rund 160 Kilometer südwestlich von Chennai. Tiruvannamalai ist Verwaltungssitz des Distrikts Tiruvannamalai. Die Geschichte Tiruvannamalais lässt sich anhand von Tempelinschriften bis in die Regierungszeit des Chola-Königs Aditya I. (871 bis 907) zurückverfolgen. Um die Mitte des 10. Jahrhunderts nahm der Rashtrakuta-Herrscher Krishna III. die Stadt ein. Den Chola gelang vermutlich erst gegen Ende der Regierungszeit Rajarajas I. (985 bis 1014) die Rückeroberung. Ab dem 13. Jahrhundert kam Tiruvannamalai unter die Herrschaft der Pandya, der Hoysala, des Sultanats von Delhi und schließlich Vijayanagars. Im 17. Jahrhundert übernahmen die ehemaligen Statthalter (Nayaks) des Vijayanagar-Reiches die Stadt. Gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts kam sie unter britische Herrschaft, welche bis auf eine kurze Unterbrechung im Jahre 1816, als Tiruvannamalai vorübergehend zu Mysore gehörte, bis 1947 andauerte. Das Wahrzeichen Tiruvannamalais ist der gewaltige Arunachaleswara-Tempel. Um das zentrale Heiligtum der Tempelanlage – mit einer Ausdehnung von knapp zehn Hektar einer der größten Südindiens – sind drei Innenhöfe angeordnet, die jeweils durch kunstvoll verzierte Gopurams (Tortürme) betreten werden. Der innerste Gopuram, der „Papageienturm“, wurde im 11. Jahrhundert vom Chola-König Rajendra I. (reg. 1012 bis 1044) gestiftet. Auch die Pfeilerhalle stammt aus jener Zeit. Die Hoysala fügten weitere Anbauten hinzu. König (reg. 1509 bis 1529) von Vijayanagar ließ die insgesamt neun Gopurams auf ihre heutige Höhe aufstocken und prachtvoll ausstatten. Der Arunachaleswara-Tempel ist dem Gott Shiva Lingodbhava geweiht, der auf dem Berg Arunachala nahe der Stadt in Form einer Feuersäule erschienen sein und damit das Zeichen des Lingam geschaffen haben soll. Pilger besuchen nicht nur den Arunachaleswara-Tempel, sondern besteigen oder umkreisen auch den sagenumwobenen Berg, nach dem er benannt ist. Jedes Jahr findet im tamilischen Monat Karttigai (November/ Dezember) ein Pilgerfest namens Karttigai Dipam statt. Zu Füßen des Arunachala liegt als weiterer Anziehungspunkt und Pilgerstätte der , benannt nach dem indischen Weisen Ramana Maharshi (1879–1950). Tiruvannamalai ist einer der meistbesuchten hinduistischen Wallfahrtsorte in Tamil Nadu. Neben indischen Pilgern wird der Ort in geringerem Umfang auch von ausländischen Touristen frequentiert. Im Jahr 2011 verzeichnete Tiruvannamalai insgesamt 8,1 Millionen Besucher. 83 Prozent der Einwohner Tiruvannamalais sind Hindus, 14 Prozent sind Muslime und 3 Prozent Christen. Die Hauptsprache ist, wie in ganz Tamil Nadu, das Tamil, das von 92 Prozent der Bevölkerung als Muttersprache gesprochen wird. 5 Prozent sprechen Urdu und 3 Prozent Telugu. * Blick vom Red Mountain auf den Arunachaleswara-Tempel * Im Inneren des Arunachaleswara-Tempels * Einer der Eingangstor-Türme (Gopuram) zum Arunachaleswara-Tempel (de) Tiruvannamalai (tamile : திருவண்ணாமலை) estas urbo de sudbarata gubernio Tamilnado. Ĝi havas multajn loĝantojn. La urbo estas unu el ĉefaj religiaj urboj de Tamilnado, kaj centro de ŝivaismo tamila. (eo) Tiruvannamalai (en tamil, திருவண்ணாமலை Tiruvaṇṇāmalai) es una localidad de la India, capital del distrito de Tiruvannamalai, en el estado de Tamil Nadu. (es) Tiruvannamalai (tamoul : திருவண்ணாமலை) est une ville du Tamil Nadu, région du Sud de l'Inde. Elle est faiblement peuplée. La ville est le centre religieux du Tamil Nadu, siège du Shivaïsme tamoul. (fr) Tiruvannamalai (Tamil: Tiruvaṇṇāmalai IPA: [ˈtiɾɯʋaɳːaːmalɛi̯], otherwise spelt Thiruvannamalai; Trinomali or Trinomalee on British records) is a city, a spiritual, cultural, economic hub and also the administrative headquarters of Tiruvannamalai District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The city is home to the renowned Annamalaiyar temple, Annamalai hill, Girivalam and the Karthigai deepam festival. Being a prominent tourist destination which attracts considerable foreign visitors. The city is one of the cities featured in lonely planet. the city has a thriving service sector industry including retail, resorts and recreation activities. Apart from the service sector, the city is also the hub for many industrial setups including SIDCO, spinning mills and premier educational institutions. The city is administered by the Tiruvanamalai Municipality, originally constituted in the year 1886. The city has a good network of roadways and railways and a popular getaway to the Megacities of Chennai and Bengaluru. The Union Ministry of Civil Aviation is considering setting up a new airport at Tiruvannamalai. (en) 티루반나말라이(Tiruvannamalai, 타밀어: திருவண்ணாமலை)는 인도 남부 타밀나두주의 도시로, 의 구청 소재지이며 인구는 130,301명(2001년 기준), 높이는 해발 171m이다. (ko) ティルヴァンナーマライ（タミル語: திருவண்ணாமலை、英語: Tiruvannamalai）は、インド南部のタミル・ナードゥ州にある都市。ティルヴァンナーマライ県の県庁所在地であり、同県ティルヴァンナーマライ郡の中心都市である。 (ja) Tiruvannamalai (tamil. திருவண்ணாமலை) – stolica dystryktu Tiruvannamalai w podziale administracyjnym Tamilnadu. Leży 185 km od Ćennaj i 210 km od Bengaluru. Tiruvannamalai położone jest u stóp góry Arunachala. Jest to jedno z pięciu świętych miejsc śiwaizmu, z których każde przypisany jest jednemu z żywiołów, będących miejscem przebywania boga Śiwy. Świątynia Tiruvannamalai reprezentuje ogień. Pozostałe to świątynia w Kańći (ziemia), w Ćidambaram - przestrzeń (akasam), (powietrze), zaś (woda). Wokół Arunachali powstało wiele obiektów sakralnych i aśramów. Najsławniejszy z nich to Sri Ramanasramam, związany z postacią Śri Ramana Maharishi. (pl) Tiruvannamalai è una suddivisione dell'India, classificata come municipality, di 130.301 abitanti, capoluogo del distretto di Tiruvannamalai, nello stato federato del Tamil Nadu. In base al numero di abitanti la città rientra nella classe I (da 100.000 persone in su). (it) Tiruvannamalai är en stad i den indiska delstaten Tamil Nadu och är centralort i ett distrikt med samma namn. Folkmängden uppgick till 145 278 invånare vid folkräkningen 2011. (sv) Тируваннамалай — город в Южной Индии, в штате Тамилнад, расположенный в 185 км от Мадраса (Ченнай) и 210 км от Бангалора, штат (Карнатака). Тируваннамалай упоминается в исторических документах уже с VII века. Это обособленная гористая часть страны из красной земли и коричневых скал, бесплодная по большей части, с широкими полосами пространства, почти лишёнными растительности, и с грудами расколотых камней и громадными валунами, разбросанными в беспорядке, редкими пальмами и многочисленными кактусовыми деревьями. Одинокий пик, украшенный красными, коричневыми и серыми валунами, привлекает внимание. (ru) 蒂鲁瓦纳马莱（Tiruvannamalai），是印度泰米尔纳德邦Tiruvanamalai县的一个城镇。总人口130301（2001年）。 (zh) |
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Tiruvannamalai (tamile : திருவண்ணாமலை) estas urbo de sudbarata gubernio Tamilnado. Ĝi havas multajn loĝantojn. La urbo estas unu el ĉefaj religiaj urboj de Tamilnado, kaj centro de ŝivaismo tamila. (eo) Tiruvannamalai (en tamil, திருவண்ணாமலை Tiruvaṇṇāmalai) es una localidad de la India, capital del distrito de Tiruvannamalai, en el estado de Tamil Nadu. (es) Tiruvannamalai (tamoul : திருவண்ணாமலை) est une ville du Tamil Nadu, région du Sud de l'Inde. Elle est faiblement peuplée. La ville est le centre religieux du Tamil Nadu, siège du Shivaïsme tamoul. (fr) 티루반나말라이(Tiruvannamalai, 타밀어: திருவண்ணாமலை)는 인도 남부 타밀나두주의 도시로, 의 구청 소재지이며 인구는 130,301명(2001년 기준), 높이는 해발 171m이다. (ko) ティルヴァンナーマライ（タミル語: திருவண்ணாமலை、英語: Tiruvannamalai）は、インド南部のタミル・ナードゥ州にある都市。ティルヴァンナーマライ県の県庁所在地であり、同県ティルヴァンナーマライ郡の中心都市である。 (ja) Tiruvannamalai (tamil. திருவண்ணாமலை) – stolica dystryktu Tiruvannamalai w podziale administracyjnym Tamilnadu. Leży 185 km od Ćennaj i 210 km od Bengaluru. Tiruvannamalai położone jest u stóp góry Arunachala. Jest to jedno z pięciu świętych miejsc śiwaizmu, z których każde przypisany jest jednemu z żywiołów, będących miejscem przebywania boga Śiwy. Świątynia Tiruvannamalai reprezentuje ogień. Pozostałe to świątynia w Kańći (ziemia), w Ćidambaram - przestrzeń (akasam), (powietrze), zaś (woda). Wokół Arunachali powstało wiele obiektów sakralnych i aśramów. Najsławniejszy z nich to Sri Ramanasramam, związany z postacią Śri Ramana Maharishi. (pl) Tiruvannamalai è una suddivisione dell'India, classificata come municipality, di 130.301 abitanti, capoluogo del distretto di Tiruvannamalai, nello stato federato del Tamil Nadu. In base al numero di abitanti la città rientra nella classe I (da 100.000 persone in su). (it) Tiruvannamalai är en stad i den indiska delstaten Tamil Nadu och är centralort i ett distrikt med samma namn. Folkmängden uppgick till 145 278 invånare vid folkräkningen 2011. (sv) 蒂鲁瓦纳马莱（Tiruvannamalai），是印度泰米尔纳德邦Tiruvanamalai县的一个城镇。总人口130301（2001年）。 (zh) Tiruvannamalai (Tamil: திருவண்ணாமலை Tiruvaṇṇāmalai [ˈtiɾɯʋaɳːaːmalɛi̯], auch Thiruvannamalai) ist eine Stadt im südindischen Bundesstaat Tamil Nadu mit rund 145.000 Einwohnern (Volkszählung 2011). Sie liegt am Rande der Talebene des Flusses zu Füßen des Berges Arunachala, eines Ausläufers der Ostghats, rund 160 Kilometer südwestlich von Chennai. Tiruvannamalai ist Verwaltungssitz des Distrikts Tiruvannamalai. * Blick vom Red Mountain auf den Arunachaleswara-Tempel * Im Inneren des Arunachaleswara-Tempels * Einer der Eingangstor-Türme (Gopuram) zum Arunachaleswara-Tempel (de) Tiruvannamalai (Tamil: Tiruvaṇṇāmalai IPA: [ˈtiɾɯʋaɳːaːmalɛi̯], otherwise spelt Thiruvannamalai; Trinomali or Trinomalee on British records) is a city, a spiritual, cultural, economic hub and also the administrative headquarters of Tiruvannamalai District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The city is home to the renowned Annamalaiyar temple, Annamalai hill, Girivalam and the Karthigai deepam festival. Being a prominent tourist destination which attracts considerable foreign visitors. The city is one of the cities featured in lonely planet. the city has a thriving service sector industry including retail, resorts and recreation activities. Apart from the service sector, the city is also the hub for many industrial setups including SIDCO, spinning mills and premier educational institutions. (en) Тируваннамалай — город в Южной Индии, в штате Тамилнад, расположенный в 185 км от Мадраса (Ченнай) и 210 км от Бангалора, штат (Карнатака). Тируваннамалай упоминается в исторических документах уже с VII века. (ru) |
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Tiruvannamalai (en) Tiruvannamalai (de) Tiruvannamalai (eo) Tiruvannamalai (es) Tiruvannamalai (fr) Tiruvannamalai (it) 티루반나말라이 (ko) ティルヴァンナーマライ (ja) Tiruvannamalai (pl) Тируваннамалай (ru) Tiruvannamalai (sv) 蒂鲁瓦纳马莱 (zh) |
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