Thomas Nagel (original) (raw)

Thomas Nagel (* 4. červenec 1937, Bělehrad) je jugoslávsko-americký filozof židovského původu, profesor na New York University. Vystudoval filozofii na Oxfordu a Harvardu, kde byl žákem Johna Rawlse. Zabývá se především filozofií mysli, politickou filozofií a etikou. V oblasti filozofie mysli je znám svou polemikou s neodarwinistickým redukcionismem (zejm. kniha Mind and Cosmos). Proti darwinistickým koncepcím hájí i náboženství, ač je sám ateistou. V oblasti politické filozofie je nejznámější jeho kniha The Possibility of Altruism z roku 1970. V oblasti etiky zastává deontologické postoje. Roku 2008 získal za filozofii.

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dbo:abstract	توماس ناغل (بالإنجليزية: Thomas Nagel)‏ هو فيلسوف أمريكي من مواليد 4 تموز/يوليو 1937، وهو حالياً بروفيسور متقاعد من جامعة نيويورك والتي درّس فيها منذ 1980. تشمل اهتمامات ناغل الفلسفية كل من مواضيع فلسفة العقل وفلسفة السياسة والأخلاقيات. اشتهر ناغل بنقده لتفسيرات الاختزالية للعقل، وخاصة ضمن كتابه المنشور سنة 1974 بعنوان : كيف يكون شعورك أن تكون وطواطاً ؟ What Is it Like to Be a Bat، كما عرف بمساهماته في مجال الأخلاق الواجبة وبنظريته الأخلاقية والسياسية المتحررة في كتابه إمكانية الإيثار The Possibility of Altruism. لتوماس ناغل آرائه في مجال فلسفة العقل حيث تبنى رأي الغموضية الجديدة، كما انتقد وجهة نظر الداروينية الجديدة حول انبثاق الوعي. (ar) Thomas Nagel (* 4. červenec 1937, Bělehrad) je jugoslávsko-americký filozof židovského původu, profesor na New York University. Vystudoval filozofii na Oxfordu a Harvardu, kde byl žákem Johna Rawlse. Zabývá se především filozofií mysli, politickou filozofií a etikou. V oblasti filozofie mysli je znám svou polemikou s neodarwinistickým redukcionismem (zejm. kniha Mind and Cosmos). Proti darwinistickým koncepcím hájí i náboženství, ač je sám ateistou. V oblasti politické filozofie je nejznámější jeho kniha The Possibility of Altruism z roku 1970. V oblasti etiky zastává deontologické postoje. Roku 2008 získal za filozofii. (cs) Thomas Nagel (nascut el 1937 a Belgrad) és un filòsof famós per les seves teories ètiques i sobre la ment, la majoria formulades des de la Universitat Harvard, on treballa i investiga. Nagel afirma que la ciència ja ha provat que no existeix una sola veritat, ni tan sols un únic món, ja que la percepció sempre és individual, malgrat les ànsies de tota persona d'arribar a una cosmovisió coherent i objectiva. La ment i les seves facultats no poden, doncs, explicar-se des d'un de vista físic, ja que s'ha de tenir en compte aquesta subjectivitat, i és la consciència d'un mateix el que distingeix l'ésser humà d'altres animals, una consciència que és incomunicable com a tal. Això no vol dir que no es pugui arribar a un acord de conducta o de comprensió de l'altre, ja que la raó busca allò comú i justifica els actes, donant un fi al desig que permeti la vida social. Els estats han de tendir a garantir aquest bé comú, encara que la justícia universal pugui ser inassolible, perquè és l'entitat que garanteix la igualtat entre els individus: si tothom es defineix per allò que creu que és i es fonamenta la convivència en unes normes racionals acceptades per la comunitat, l'estat ha d'assegurar que ningú pugui trencar el consens bàsic o imposar la seva existència per damunt de les altres, perquè objectivament no hi ha cap vida amb més valor que una altra. Reivindica el discurs de la ironia per a mostrar l'absurd de pretendre el contrari. (ca) Thomas Nagel (* 4. Juli 1937 in Belgrad) ist ein US-amerikanischer Philosoph. Er lehrt an der New York University School of Law und bearbeitet ein weites Themenspektrum. Er lehrte unter anderem an der University of California, Berkeley und an der Princeton University. Zu seinen Schülern gehören Susan Wolf, Samuel Scheffler und Shelly Kagan. (de) Thomas Nagel (Belgrado, Yugoslavia, 4 de julio de 1937) es un filósofo estadounidense, que es profesor de Filosofía y Derecho en la Universidad de Nueva York (NYU). Sus trabajos se han centrado en filosofía de la mente, filosofía política y ética. Es conocido por su crítica de los estudios reduccionistas sobre la mente en su ensayo "What Is it Like to Be a Bat?" (1974) y por su contribución a la teoría político moral liberal y deontológica en "The Possibility of Altruism" (1970). (es) Thomas Nagel, né le 4 juillet 1937 à Belgrade, est un professeur de philosophie et de droit à l'université de New York. Son article le plus célèbre Quel effet cela fait-il d'être une chauve-souris ?, « What is it like to be a bat ? » défend l'irréductibilité de la conscience, de l'expérience subjective, à l'activité cérébrale.Nagel a produit plusieurs contributions importantes en philosophie morale et politique. Il défend, en méta-éthique, l'existence de raisons morales impartiales. (fr) Thomas Nagel (/ˈneɪɡəl/; lahir 4 Juli 1937) adalah seorang filsuf Amerika Serikat yang saat ini menjabat sebagai Profesor Filsafat dan Hukum di Universitas New York. Ketertarikan utamanya adalah dalam bidang filsafat pikiran, filsafat politik, dan etika. Nagel dikenal akan kritiknya terhadap teori pikiran yang reduksionis, terutama dalam tulisannya yang berjudul "What Is it Like to Be a Bat?" (1974). Ia juga dikenal akan sumbangannya terhadap teori moral dan politik dalam tulisannya yang berjudul The Possibility of Altruism (1970). Untuk melanjutkan kritiknya terhadap reduksionisme, ia menulis buku (2012). (in) Thomas Nagel (/ˈneɪɡəl/; born July 4, 1937) is an American philosopher. He is the University Professor of Philosophy and Law Emeritus at New York University, where he taught from 1980 to 2016. His main areas of philosophical interest are legal philosophy, political philosophy, and ethics. Nagel is known for his critique of material reductionist accounts of the mind, particularly in his essay "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?" (1974), and for his contributions to liberal moral and political theory in The Possibility of Altruism (1970) and subsequent writings. He continued the critique of reductionism in Mind and Cosmos (2012), in which he argues against the neo-Darwinian view of the emergence of consciousness. (en) トマス・ネーゲル（Thomas Nagel、1937年7月4日 - ）は、アメリカ合衆国の哲学者。専門は、政治哲学・倫理学・心の哲学・認識論など。 (ja) 토마스 네이글(Thomas Nagel)은 미국의 철학자, 윤리학자로, 자유주의적 평등주의 이론을 대표하는 학자이다. 네이글은 환원주의와 물리주의에 대한 비판으로 잘 알려져 있으며, 의식에 대한 신다윈주의적 관점에 대한 비판으로도 유명하다. (ko) Thomas Nagel (Belgrado, 4 juli 1937) is een Amerikaans filosoof. Hij is hoogleraar rechten en filosofie aan de New York University. Zijn publicaties gaan vooral over de filosofie van de geest, politieke filosofie en de ethiek. Nagel is ook betrokken bij de redactie van de Encyclopædia Britannica. Hij is vooral bekend in de filosofie vanwege zijn kritiek op het reductionisme, met name in zijn artikel What is it like to be a bat? (1974). Hij betoogt dat de subjectieve ervaring of het bewustzijn niet kan worden gemeten door middel van de objectieve methoden van de moderne wetenschap. Daarnaast is hij ook bekend voor zijn bijdragen aan discussies rond deontologische en liberale morele en politieke theorieën. Dit komt met name naar voor in zijn werk The Possibility of Altruism (1970). Het hoofdthema in zijn gehele werk is de confrontatie tussen enerzijds het objectieve standpunt (onpersoonlijk en extern) en anderzijds het subjectieve standpunt (persoonlijk en intern), en de problemen die hieruit voortvloeien in de filosofie. (nl) Thomas Nagel (Belgrado, 4 luglio 1937) è un filosofo statunitense. (it) Thomas Nagel (ur. 4 lipca 1937) – amerykański filozof. Jego najbardziej znanym tekstem jest artykuł Jak to jest być nietoperzem? (What Is it Like to Be a Bat?), w którym krytykuje redukcjonistyczne poglądy w filozofii umysłu. (pl) Thomas Nagel (Belgrado, 4 de Julho de 1937) é um filósofo dos Estados Unidos, professor de Filosofia e Direito na Universidade de Nova Iorque. Seus trabalhos se concentram em filosofia da mente, filosofia política e ética. É conhecido por sua crítica aos estudos reducionistas sobre a mente em seu "What Is it Like to Be a Bat?" ("Como é ser um morcego?"), de 1974, e por sua contribuição à teoria político-moral liberal e deontológica em "A Possibilidade do Altruísmo", de 1970. Também é autor de "Uma breve introdução à Filosofia", obra de divulgação que aborda temas da filosofia em linguagem acessível, propondo uma reflexão individual acerca de questões como saber o que é o certo e o que é o errado. (pt) Thomas Nagel, född 4 juli 1937 i Belgrad, nuvarande Serbien, är en framstående amerikansk filosof, professor i filosofi och rättsvetenskap vid New York University. Nagel har främst inriktat sig på medvetandefilosofi, politisk filosofi, och etik. Han har blivit internationellt känd för sin kritik av reduktionismen i sin artikel ”What Is it Like to Be a Bat?” (1974), men även för sina bidrag om etiska, politiska och sociala frågor. I etiskt avseende har han försvarat altruism emot till exempel egoism. (sv) Томас Нагель (також Нейгл; англ. Thomas Nagel; нар. 4 липня 1937) — американський філософ, представник аналітичної філософії, знаний дослідник проблем філософії свідомості, етики та політичної філософії. (uk) 湯瑪斯·內格爾（英語：Thomas Nagel，1937年7月4日－），美國哲學家，研究領域為政治哲學、倫理學、認識論、心靈哲學。內格爾出生於南斯拉夫的貝爾格勒，曾就讀康奈爾大學（1954－1958年）、牛津大學（1958－1960年），1963年取得哈佛大學博士學位。曾任教於柏克萊大學、普林斯頓大學，1980年進入紐約大學任教至今。同時亦為美國人文與科學學院院士及英國國家學術院院士。 (zh) Томас На́гель (Нейджел) (англ. Thomas Nagel; род. 4 июля 1937 года, Белград) — американский философ, исследователь вопросов философии сознания, политики и этики. (ru)
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rdfs:comment	Thomas Nagel (* 4. červenec 1937, Bělehrad) je jugoslávsko-americký filozof židovského původu, profesor na New York University. Vystudoval filozofii na Oxfordu a Harvardu, kde byl žákem Johna Rawlse. Zabývá se především filozofií mysli, politickou filozofií a etikou. V oblasti filozofie mysli je znám svou polemikou s neodarwinistickým redukcionismem (zejm. kniha Mind and Cosmos). Proti darwinistickým koncepcím hájí i náboženství, ač je sám ateistou. V oblasti politické filozofie je nejznámější jeho kniha The Possibility of Altruism z roku 1970. V oblasti etiky zastává deontologické postoje. Roku 2008 získal za filozofii. (cs) Thomas Nagel (* 4. Juli 1937 in Belgrad) ist ein US-amerikanischer Philosoph. Er lehrt an der New York University School of Law und bearbeitet ein weites Themenspektrum. Er lehrte unter anderem an der University of California, Berkeley und an der Princeton University. Zu seinen Schülern gehören Susan Wolf, Samuel Scheffler und Shelly Kagan. (de) Thomas Nagel (Belgrado, Yugoslavia, 4 de julio de 1937) es un filósofo estadounidense, que es profesor de Filosofía y Derecho en la Universidad de Nueva York (NYU). Sus trabajos se han centrado en filosofía de la mente, filosofía política y ética. Es conocido por su crítica de los estudios reduccionistas sobre la mente en su ensayo "What Is it Like to Be a Bat?" (1974) y por su contribución a la teoría político moral liberal y deontológica en "The Possibility of Altruism" (1970). (es) Thomas Nagel, né le 4 juillet 1937 à Belgrade, est un professeur de philosophie et de droit à l'université de New York. Son article le plus célèbre Quel effet cela fait-il d'être une chauve-souris ?, « What is it like to be a bat ? » défend l'irréductibilité de la conscience, de l'expérience subjective, à l'activité cérébrale.Nagel a produit plusieurs contributions importantes en philosophie morale et politique. Il défend, en méta-éthique, l'existence de raisons morales impartiales. (fr) トマス・ネーゲル（Thomas Nagel、1937年7月4日 - ）は、アメリカ合衆国の哲学者。専門は、政治哲学・倫理学・心の哲学・認識論など。 (ja) 토마스 네이글(Thomas Nagel)은 미국의 철학자, 윤리학자로, 자유주의적 평등주의 이론을 대표하는 학자이다. 네이글은 환원주의와 물리주의에 대한 비판으로 잘 알려져 있으며, 의식에 대한 신다윈주의적 관점에 대한 비판으로도 유명하다. (ko) Thomas Nagel (Belgrado, 4 luglio 1937) è un filosofo statunitense. (it) Thomas Nagel (ur. 4 lipca 1937) – amerykański filozof. Jego najbardziej znanym tekstem jest artykuł Jak to jest być nietoperzem? (What Is it Like to Be a Bat?), w którym krytykuje redukcjonistyczne poglądy w filozofii umysłu. (pl) Thomas Nagel, född 4 juli 1937 i Belgrad, nuvarande Serbien, är en framstående amerikansk filosof, professor i filosofi och rättsvetenskap vid New York University. Nagel har främst inriktat sig på medvetandefilosofi, politisk filosofi, och etik. Han har blivit internationellt känd för sin kritik av reduktionismen i sin artikel ”What Is it Like to Be a Bat?” (1974), men även för sina bidrag om etiska, politiska och sociala frågor. I etiskt avseende har han försvarat altruism emot till exempel egoism. (sv) Томас Нагель (також Нейгл; англ. Thomas Nagel; нар. 4 липня 1937) — американський філософ, представник аналітичної філософії, знаний дослідник проблем філософії свідомості, етики та політичної філософії. (uk) 湯瑪斯·內格爾（英語：Thomas Nagel，1937年7月4日－），美國哲學家，研究領域為政治哲學、倫理學、認識論、心靈哲學。內格爾出生於南斯拉夫的貝爾格勒，曾就讀康奈爾大學（1954－1958年）、牛津大學（1958－1960年），1963年取得哈佛大學博士學位。曾任教於柏克萊大學、普林斯頓大學，1980年進入紐約大學任教至今。同時亦為美國人文與科學學院院士及英國國家學術院院士。 (zh) Томас На́гель (Нейджел) (англ. Thomas Nagel; род. 4 июля 1937 года, Белград) — американский философ, исследователь вопросов философии сознания, политики и этики. (ru) توماس ناغل (بالإنجليزية: Thomas Nagel)‏ هو فيلسوف أمريكي من مواليد 4 تموز/يوليو 1937، وهو حالياً بروفيسور متقاعد من جامعة نيويورك والتي درّس فيها منذ 1980. تشمل اهتمامات ناغل الفلسفية كل من مواضيع فلسفة العقل وفلسفة السياسة والأخلاقيات. (ar) Thomas Nagel (nascut el 1937 a Belgrad) és un filòsof famós per les seves teories ètiques i sobre la ment, la majoria formulades des de la Universitat Harvard, on treballa i investiga. Nagel afirma que la ciència ja ha provat que no existeix una sola veritat, ni tan sols un únic món, ja que la percepció sempre és individual, malgrat les ànsies de tota persona d'arribar a una cosmovisió coherent i objectiva. La ment i les seves facultats no poden, doncs, explicar-se des d'un de vista físic, ja que s'ha de tenir en compte aquesta subjectivitat, i és la consciència d'un mateix el que distingeix l'ésser humà d'altres animals, una consciència que és incomunicable com a tal. Això no vol dir que no es pugui arribar a un acord de conducta o de comprensió de l'altre, ja que la raó busca allò comú i (ca) Thomas Nagel (/ˈneɪɡəl/; lahir 4 Juli 1937) adalah seorang filsuf Amerika Serikat yang saat ini menjabat sebagai Profesor Filsafat dan Hukum di Universitas New York. Ketertarikan utamanya adalah dalam bidang filsafat pikiran, filsafat politik, dan etika. (in) Thomas Nagel (/ˈneɪɡəl/; born July 4, 1937) is an American philosopher. He is the University Professor of Philosophy and Law Emeritus at New York University, where he taught from 1980 to 2016. His main areas of philosophical interest are legal philosophy, political philosophy, and ethics. (en) Thomas Nagel (Belgrado, 4 juli 1937) is een Amerikaans filosoof. Hij is hoogleraar rechten en filosofie aan de New York University. Zijn publicaties gaan vooral over de filosofie van de geest, politieke filosofie en de ethiek. Nagel is ook betrokken bij de redactie van de Encyclopædia Britannica. Hij is vooral bekend in de filosofie vanwege zijn kritiek op het reductionisme, met name in zijn artikel What is it like to be a bat? (1974). Hij betoogt dat de subjectieve ervaring of het bewustzijn niet kan worden gemeten door middel van de objectieve methoden van de moderne wetenschap. Daarnaast is hij ook bekend voor zijn bijdragen aan discussies rond deontologische en liberale morele en politieke theorieën. Dit komt met name naar voor in zijn werk The Possibility of Altruism (1970). Het hoofd (nl) Thomas Nagel (Belgrado, 4 de Julho de 1937) é um filósofo dos Estados Unidos, professor de Filosofia e Direito na Universidade de Nova Iorque. Seus trabalhos se concentram em filosofia da mente, filosofia política e ética. É conhecido por sua crítica aos estudos reducionistas sobre a mente em seu "What Is it Like to Be a Bat?" ("Como é ser um morcego?"), de 1974, e por sua contribuição à teoria político-moral liberal e deontológica em "A Possibilidade do Altruísmo", de 1970. (pt)
rdfs:label	توماس ناغل (ar) Thomas Nagel (ca) Thomas Nagel (cs) Thomas Nagel (Philosoph) (de) Thomas Nagel (es) Thomas Nagel (in) Thomas Nagel (fr) Thomas Nagel (it) 토마스 네이글 (ko) トマス・ネーゲル (ja) Thomas Nagel (nl) Thomas Nagel (pl) Thomas Nagel (en) Thomas Nagel (pt) Thomas Nagel (sv) Нагель, Томас (ru) Томас Нагель (uk) 湯瑪斯·內格爾 (zh)
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