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calidus

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/03/09 02:02 UTC 版)

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈka.lɪ.dʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈkaː.li.dus]

形容詞

calidus (feminine calida, neuter calidum, comparative calidior, superlative calidissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. (literary) warm, hot
   Synonyms: (informal) caldus, (archaic) formus
   Antonym: frigidus
2. fiery, fierce, vehement
3. spirited, impassioned
4. rash, eager, inconsiderate
5. (rare) having a white spot on the forehead

使用する際の注意点

• In the sense "hot water", the syncopated form calda is particularly common. Emperor Augustus "corrects [his grandson Gaius Caesar] for saying calidam rather than caldam, not because it's not Latin, but because it's annoying and, as he himself puts it in Greek, περίεργον (períergon, “affected, overdone”)".
• The form with -i- is completely absent from the surviving fragments of Petronius' Satyricon as inappropriate for representing informal speech, at least in the literal meaning.

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

派生語

• caldāmentum
• caldāria
• caldāriola
• caldārium
• caldārius
• caldor
• caldūmen
• calidē
• caliditās
• excaldō

関連する語

• calefaciō
• calefactābilis
• calefactiō
• calefactō
• calefactōrius
• calefactus
• caleō
• calēscō
• calor
• calōrātus
• calōrificus

派生した語

(Note: nearly all Romance descendants via the early syncopic form caldus.)

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: caldu, calidu
• Balkano-Romance:
  • Aromanian: caldu, cald
  • Istro-Romanian: cåd, cǫd
  • Megleno-Romanian: cald
  • Romanian: cald
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Corsican: caldu
  • Dalmatian: cuolt
  • Italian: caldo
  • Neapolitan: càudu, càvero, càoro, càllo
  • Sicilian: caudu, càvudu, cauru, càvuru, callu
  • Venetan: calt, caldo
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: cjalt
  • Romansh: chaud
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Emilian: chèld
  • Ligurian: câdo
  • Lombard: cald
  • Piedmontese: càud
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Northern:
    * Franco-Provençal: chôd
    * Old French: chaut (see there for further descendants)
  • Southern:
    * Catalan: cald
    * Occitan: caud, cald, chaud (Limousin)
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: caldu
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: caldo
    * Galician: caldo
    * Portuguese: caldo
    * → Indonesian: kaldu
  • Spanish: caldo
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: (see there for further descendants)
  • *caldūra
  • *calidizāre
  • *incalidīre
• Borrowings:
  • → Asturian: cálidu
  • → Italian: calido
  • → Portuguese: cálido
  • → Spanish: cálido

参照

1. ^ Adams, J. N. (2013), Social Variation and the Latin Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 94
2. ^ B. Boyce (17 July 2018), The Language of the Freedmen in Petronius' Cena Trimalchionis‎, BRILL, →ISBN, page 42

Further reading

• “calidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “calidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "calidus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “calidus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• Alan J. Nussbaum (1 January 1999), *Jocidus: an account of the Latin adjectives in -idus‎

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