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claudo

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/04/04 17:20 UTC 版)

語源 1

From Proto-Italic *klaudō, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u-de-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“key, hook, nail”).

Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείω (kleíō), κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), Russian заключи́ть (zaključítʹ) (via ключ (ključ)), Old High German sliozan (“to close, conclude, lock”), Old Saxon slūtan (“to close, conclude, lock”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkɫau̯.doː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈklaːu̯.do]

動詞

claudō (present infinitive claudere, perfect active clausī, supine clausum); third conjugation

1. to shut up, close, lock
   Synonyms: retineō, intersaepiō, interclūdō, inclūdō, operiō, premō, obserō
   Antonyms: adaperiō, aperiō, patefaciō
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.232–233:
     “quid Trōēs potuēre, quibus, tot fūnera passīs,
     cūnctus ob Ītaliam terrārum clauditur orbis?”
     “What have the Trojans done, for whom, having suffered so many losses, the whole circle of the lands has been closed. [And all] for the sake of Italy.”
     (Venus, speaking to Jupiter, laments the plight of the Trojans as they wander the Mediterranean shores.)
2. to imprison, confine
   Synonyms: comprehendo, retineo, intersaepio, includo, intercludo, arceo, impedio, urgeō, coërceō, prohibeo
3. to encompass, surround
   Synonyms: complector, amplector, stīpō, circumdō, circumveniō
4. to besiege, blockade
   Synonyms: circumveniō, circumeō, circumsistō, circumdō, obsideō, assideō, circumsaepiō, saepiō, obstruō
5. to limit, restrict
   Synonyms: delīmitō, līmitō, inclūdō, fīniō, coërceō, minuō, moderor
6. to terminate, finish, complete
   Synonyms: perficiō, dēfungor, cōnficiō, agō, cumulō, absolvō, nāvō, perpetrō, inclūdō, expleō, fungor, efficiō, patrō, conclūdō, condō, peragō, trānsigō, exsequor, gerō, impleō, exhauriō

Conjugation

派生語

• circumclūdō
• clausula
• clausum
• clausus
• conclūdō
• disclūdō
• exclūdō
• inclūdō
• interclūdō
• occlūdō
• praeclūdō
• reclūdō
• seclūdō

関連する語

• claustellum
• claustra
• claustrārius
• claustrum
• clausūra
• clāvis
• clāvus

派生した語

• • English: close
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Northern:
    * Franco-Provençal: cllôre
    * Old French: clore (see there for further descendants)
  • Southern:
    * Catalan: cloure
    * Occitan: claure
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: choir, choyr
    * Galician: choer
    * Portuguese: chouvir (obsolete)
• Insular Romance:
  • Old Sardinian: klaudere

Reflexes of the variant clūdere:

• Balkano-Romance:
  • Aromanian: cljid
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: chjude
  • Italian: chiudere
  • Neapolitan: chiudere
  • Sicilian: chiùdiri, chiùjiri, jùjiri
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: cludi
  • Romansh: clugir
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Old Occitan: cluire
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin:
  • *clūdicāre (see there for further descendants)
  • *clūdināre / *clūdiniare
    * Gallo-Italic:
    * Piedmontese: cugnè, ciugnee (Valsesia)
    * Gallo-Romance:
    * Old French: cluignier, cluingier, clingnier, clignier
    * French: cligner

語源 2

Conjugation

参照

• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to turn a deaf ear to, to open one's ears to..: aures claudere, patefacere (e.g. veritati, assentatoribus)
  • (ambiguous) to open, shut the door: ostium, fores aperire, claudere
  • (ambiguous) to bring up the rear: agmen claudere, cogere
  • (ambiguous) to besiege a city: oppidum obsidione claudere
• “claudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “claudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• claudo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• “claudo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “claudĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 750

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