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spignel

語源

Either:

• an alteration of Middle English spigurnel (“unidentified broomlike flowering plant with medicinal uses”) [and other forms],[1] borrowed from Anglo-Norman spigurnel, spigurnelle, and Anglo-Latin spigurnella,[2] further etymology unknown; or
• from spike +‎ nail, because of the shape of its capillary leaves.[3]

発音

• (Received 発音, General American) IPA(key): /ˈspɪɡnəl/
• ハイフネーション: spig‧nel

名詞

spignel (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 spignels)

1. Meum athamanticum, an ornamental plant in the Apiaceae family found in mountain areas in Central and Western Europe, with roots and feathery leaves used as food and for medicinal purposes.
   Synonyms: baldmoney, bear's wort, bearwort, bear-wort, maldmoney, meon, meu, meum
   • 1562, Wylliam Turner [i.e., William Turner], “Of the Herbe Called Meon or Mew”, in The Second Parte of Guilliam Turners Herball⸝ […], Cologne: […] Arnold Birckman, OCLC 1157385678, folio 56, verso:
     I would gladly cõſẽt to thẽ yͭ holde yͭ yͤ herbe wich is called of the apothecaries feniculũ tortuoſum⸝ of yͤ Northẽ Engliſhe mẽ **ſpiknel**⸝ of the Duche mẽ berwurtz⸝ is yͤ true mew, if yͭ I could fynd any ſpicknel or berwurtz yͭ were of ij. cubites hygh. […] [W]here as the Mew of Mattiolus⸝ yͤ berwurtz of Germany & yͤ ſpiknel of Englãd (which peraduẽture was ones called Spiknard) haue a rough thyng like to the Iudiſh Spiknarde in the hygheſt parte of the root⸝ out of whiche the ſtalke cõmeth firſt furth⸝ the mew of Amatus hath yͤ ſame rough tuht lyke Spiknarde⸝ as he writeth _in infirma parte_⸝ in the loweſt parte of the roote⸝ which thyng if it be ſo⸝ neither Matthiolus nor I know the ryght mew; […]
     I would gladly consent to them that hold that the herb which is called of the apothecaries feniculum tortuosum, of the Northern Englishmen spiknel, of the Dutchmen berwurtz, is the true mew, if that I could find any spicknel or berwurtz that were of two cubits high. […] [W]hereas the mew of Matthiolus [Pietro Andrea Mattioli], that berwurtz of Germany and that spiknel of England (which peradventure was once called spikenard) have a rough thing like to the Judish spikenard in the highest part of the root, out of which the stalk cometh first forth, the mew of Amatus [Amatus Lusitanus?] hath the same rough tuft like spikenard, as he writeth in infirma parte, in the lowest part of the root, which thing if it be so, neither Matthiolus nor I know the right mew; […]
   • 1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Wilde Parsley”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, OCLC 1184595079, book II, page 867, column 2:
   • 1601, G[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XX.] Of Meu, and Fenell, as well Gentle, Named Fœniculum; as Wild, which is Called Hippomarathrum, or Myrsineum: Of Hempe, and Fenell-geant: And of Thistles and Artichoux.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the VVorld. Commonly Called, The Natvrall Historie of C. Plinivs Secvndus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, published 1635, OCLC 1180792622, page 77:
   • 1652, Nich[olas] Culpeper, “Spignel”, in The English Physitian: Or An Astrologo-physical Discourse of the Vulgar Herbs of This Nation. […], London: […] Peter Cole, […], OCLC 863539962, page 222, column 1:
     The Roots of common Spignel do ſpread much and deep in the ground, many ſtrings or branches growing from one Head which is hairy at the top, of a blackiſh brown colour on the outſide and white within, ſmelling well, and of an Aromatical taſt, from whence riſe ſundry long ſtalks of moſt fine cut Leaves like hairs, ſmaller than Dill, ſet thick on both ſides of the Stalks, and of a good ſcent. […] Galen ſaith, The Roots of Spignel are available to provoke Urine and Womans Courſes, but if too much thereof be taken it cauſeth Headach: […]
   • 1706, Edward Phillips, compiler; J[ohn] K[ersey the younger], “Meu or Meum”, in The New World of Words: Or, Universal English Dictionary. […], 6th edition, London: […] J. Phillips, […]; N. Rhodes, […]; and J. Taylor, […], OCLC 913406157, column 2:
   • [1840], William Rhind, “The Roots of Plants”, in A History of the Vegetable Kingdom; Embracing the Physiology, Classification, and Culture of Plants, […], Glasgow; Edinburgh: Blackie & Son, […], OCLC 20598641, page 18:
   • 1989, A. Reif, “The Vegetation of the Fichtelgebirge: Origin, Site Conditions, and Present Status”, in Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Otto L[udwig] Lange, and Ram Oren, editors, Forest Decline and Air Pollution: A Study of Spruce (Pica abies) on Acid Soils (Ecological Studies; 77), Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-61332-6, →ISBN, caption of figure 7, page 17:
   • 2007, Sylvester Johannis Phrygius, “The Ecloga prima Print”, in Peter Sjökvist, transl., The Early Latin Poetry of Sylvester Johannis Phrygius […] (Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Studia Latina Upsaliensia [Journal of Uppsala University: Uppsala Latin Studies]; 31), Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, →ISBN, ISSN 0562-2859, lines 18–20, page 107:
   • 2017, Pedanius Dioscorides of Anazarbus, “Book I”, in Lily Y. Beck, transl., De materia medica (Altertumswissenschaftliche Texte und Studien [Classical Texts かつ Studies]; 38), 3rd edition, Hildesheim, Lower Saxony: Olms Weidmann, →ISBN, ISSN 0175-8411, page 7:
   • 2020, Marwān ibn Janāḥ [i.e., Jonah ibn Janah], “mīm”, in Gerrit Bos and Fabian Käs, transl.; Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, Mailyn Lübke and Guido Mensching, editors, On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs (Kitāb al-Talkhīṣ) (Islamic History かつ Civilization; 170), volume 2, Leiden; Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISBN, ISSN 0929-2403, paragraph 561 (folio 511;17–v,8), page 731:
2. Preceded by a descriptive word: a plant resembling Meum athamanticum.
3. (obsolete) The dried, powdered root of Meum athamanticum used as a cooking spice or a medicine.
   • 1897, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], “[Those Extraordinary Twins] Chapter VII”, in The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson: And the Comedy Those Extraordinary Twins, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company, OCLC 799455878, page 411:
     [H]e wrote a doctor's hand—the hand which from the beginning of has been so disastrous to the apothecary and so profitable to the undertaker: "Take […] of opobalsamum, Indian leaf, cinnamon, zedoary, ginger, coftus, coral, cassia, euphorbium, gum tragacanth, frankincense, styrax calamita, celtic, nard, spignel, hartwort, mustard, saxifrage, dill, anise, each one dram; […]"

参照

1. ^ “spignel, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, June 2021; “spignel, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
2. ^ “spigurnel(le, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
3. ^ See, for example, Henry Harrison (1918) , “SPIGURNELL”, in Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary, volume II, London: The Morland Press, […], OCLC 923732766, page 177, column 2: “[T]he surname [Spigurnell] prob. represents a nickname f. the Low Ger. spiker-nagel = Mod. High Ger. speichernagel, E. 'spike-nail' (whence prob. the E. plant-name 'spicknel', 'spignel')”.

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