Ambient Temperature Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Typical steel deck-concrete slab floor systems used in multi-story steel construction require intermediate filler or support beams (14 in. or deeper) and are limited to span of 8-12 ft depending on deck depth. The goal of the research was... more

Typical steel deck-concrete slab floor systems used in multi-story steel construction require intermediate filler or support beams (14 in. or deeper) and are limited to span of 8-12 ft depending on deck depth. The goal of the research was to develop and validate innovative long span floor systems capable of spanning up to 30 ft with total depths up to 12 in. or less. Several long-span floor systems were conceived and considered. These floor systems were evaluated based on their ability to achieve certain performance objectives. To accomplish these objectives, the project has been conducted in four tasks. The first task focused on conducting a literature review and survey of existing long-span slab systems. This task was conducted to determine the state-of-art for existing floor systems in steel construction. It helped in identifying existing solutions that have been proposed or implemented in steel construction. The second task of the research focused on conceptual development and design of long span floor systems. A suite of different floor system types were developed and proposed. The systems were ranked by the researchers and an oversight committee based on their technical merit and potential to achieve the prescribed performance objectives. The systems were analyzed and designed using analytical tools and methods including the finite element method (FEM), numerical analysis, and existing design codes. Based on the rankings, floor systems were selected for further development and experimental validation. The third task for the research project focused on the experimental validation of the floor system candidates. The testing focused on three different aspects for the floor systems. The aspects included strength and serviceability characteristics at ambient temperature levels, the fundamental heat transfer of certain specimens, and the effects of combined mechanical and thermal loading. The fourth task focused on numerical investigations and analytical parametric studies of the long-span floor system candidates. Analysis methods were developed and used for structural evaluation and evaluation for floor vibrations. Three different systems were found to present merit as potential long span systems. Two used 7.5 in. deep steel decks acting composite with either a 2.5 in. or 3.5 in. concrete slab on top to achieve 30 ft spans with a 10 or 11 in. depth. The other modified existing steel deck-concrete slab systems with new type of self-shoring system to achieve 30 ft spans with a 12.5 in. depth.

The winding hot-spot temperature is one of the most critical parameters that affect the useful life of the power transformers. The winding hot-spot temperature can be calculated as function of the top-oil temperature that can estimated by... more

The winding hot-spot temperature is one of the most critical parameters that affect the useful life of the power transformers. The winding hot-spot temperature can be calculated as function of the top-oil temperature that can estimated by using the ambient temperature and transformer loading measured data. This paper proposes the estimation of the top-oil temperature by using a method based on Least Squares Support Vector Machines approach. The estimated top-oil temperature is compared with measured data of a power transformer in operation. The results are also compared with methods based on the IEEE Standard C57.91-1995/2000 and Artificial Neural Networks. It is shown that the Least Squares Support Vector Machines approach presents better performance than the methods based in the IEEE Standard C57.91-1995/2000 and artificial neural networks.

The consumption of fuel in vehicles depends on many factors such as the state of the roads, the state of the engine and the driver's behavior. A mathematical model for evaluating vehicle fuel consumption on a 100 km interval at standard... more

The consumption of fuel in vehicles depends on many factors such as the state of the roads, the state of the engine and the driver's behavior. A mathematical model for evaluating vehicle fuel consumption on a 100 km interval at standard operating weather conditions was developed. This mathematical model developed took into consideration many factors, but the main factors were those related to weather conditions and temperature. Here a new simulation program for determining the influence of temperature and weather conditions on fuel consumption is built using the software Matlab. For efficient simulations the model uses a set of data for an SUV and then makes varying only the parameters that are related to weather and temperature for the simulation. During the simulation process, a set of 10 vehicle models and 8 roads conditions were chosen to run down the simulations and only the parameters of temperature, the drag coefficient and coefficient of rolling resistances respectively were subjected to variations during each of the simulations. Upon simulation, different results were obtained for the different parameters considered. For every 15% drop in temperature, 0.1litre, 0.12litre and 0.04litre increase in fuel consumption for the set of parameters chosen was noticed. These results were analyzed and interpreted with the help of Microsoft Excel and were found to be satisfactory given that it permits manufacturers and car users to have a notion of the impact of ambient temperature and weather conditions on fuel consumption, thereby promoting optimum usage of fuel, hence reducing the effect of greenhouse emissions in the atmosphere.