Aphasia Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Conduction aphasia is a type of fluent aphasia, which is caused due to the damage to the supramarginal gyrus and arcuate fasciculus resulting in repetition disturbance. It has been speculated that linguistic system in bilingual aphasics... more

Conduction aphasia is a type of fluent aphasia, which is caused due to the damage to the supramarginal gyrus and arcuate fasciculus resulting in repetition disturbance. It has been speculated that linguistic system in bilingual aphasics can breakdown in different ways across languages. There is a lack of detailed linguistic studies in specific aspects of bilingual aphasia in Indian context. The present study highlights linguistic investigations across languages in bilingual aphasics. Measures like spontaneous speech analysis, paraphasia checklist and paradigmatic distance could help in determining languages for therapy even though such decisions cannot be effectively carried out only by traditional test like Western aphasia battery. It is thus suggested that linguistic analysis form a part of routine aphasia evaluation and more subtypes be profiled in a similar way. (Contains 2 graphs.)

We sought to identify the core lexicon of a picture description task using transcripts from the AphasiaBank database, and to determine differences in core lexicon usage between control speakers and persons with aphasia (PWAs). We also... more

We sought to identify the core lexicon of a picture description task using transcripts from the AphasiaBank database, and to determine differences in core lexicon usage between control speakers and persons with aphasia (PWAs). We also investigated the relationship between core lexicon and an established discourse measure, main concept analysis. A core lexicon was developed by identifying lemmas produced by 92 control speakers. 165 control transcripts and 238 PWA transcripts were scored using the core lexicon and a recently developed main concept list. Median tests examined differences between controls, PWAs, and aphasia subtypes. Spearman's correlations assessed the relationship between core lexicon and main concept performance. A 24-item core lexicon was identified. Significant differences were found between control speakers and PWAs, and between aphasia subtypes, for core lexicon and main concept scores. Core lexicon and main concept performance was significantly and positivel...

Resumo: Analises exploratorias de dados Multidimensionais foram usadas para avaliar dois componentes de um teste de nomeacao para o estudo do acesso lexical em pacientes com afasia, ou seja, o acordo de nomeacao de imagens e a idade de... more

Resumo: Analises exploratorias de dados Multidimensionais foram usadas para avaliar dois componentes de um teste de nomeacao para o estudo do acesso lexical em pacientes com afasia, ou seja, o acordo de nomeacao de imagens e a idade de aquisicao de nomes relacionados a um teste de origem internacional. Para o estudo ser confiavel as imagens devem ser inequivocamente reconhecidas por qualquer individuo usando a mesma palavra/imagem. Suposicoes teoricas sobre as palavras afirmam que palavras adquiridas mais tarde na aprendizagem tendem a serem as primeiras a serem perdidas devido a um dano cerebral em afasia. Assim, estas duas variaveis sao importantes preditoras da recuperacao de palavras. Primeiro selecionamos as imagens de reconhecimento com juizes normais; entao, as classificamos com relacao a sua primitividade. Estas imagens foram submetidas a dois conjuntos de juizes, que tiveram que responder de acordo com duas diferentes escalas. Os dados foram analisados com tecnicas de Anali...

To estimate the lifetime risk, prevalence, incidence, and mortality of the principal clinical syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) using revised diagnostic criteria and including intermediate clinical... more

To estimate the lifetime risk, prevalence, incidence, and mortality of the principal clinical syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) using revised diagnostic criteria and including intermediate clinical phenotypes. Multisource referral over 2 years to identify all diagnosed or suspected cases of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), or corticobasal syndrome (CBS) in 2 UK counties (population 1.69 million). Diagnostic confirmation used current consensus diagnostic criteria after interview and reexamination. Results were adjusted to the 2013 European standard population. The prevalence of FTD, PSP, and CBS was 10.8/100,000. The incidence and mortality were very similar, at 1.61/100,000 and 1.56/100,000 person-years, respectively. The estimated lifetime risk is 1 in 742. Survival following diagnosis varied widely: from PSP 2.9 years to semantic variant FTD 9.1 years. Age-adjusted prevalence peaked between 65 and 69 years at 42....

Background Aphasic symptoms are typically associated with lesions of the left fronto-temporal cortex. Interestingly, aphasic symptoms have also been described in patients with thalamic strokes in anterior, paramedian or posterolateral... more

Background Aphasic symptoms are typically associated with lesions of the left fronto-temporal cortex. Interestingly, aphasic symptoms have also been described in patients with thalamic strokes in anterior, paramedian or posterolateral location. So far, systematic analyses are missing. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted to our tertiary stroke care center between January 2016 and July 2017 with image-based (MRI) proven ischemic stroke. We evaluated stroke lesion location, using 3-T MRI, and presence of aphasic symptoms. Results Out of 1064 patients, 104 (9.8%) presented with a thalamic stroke, 52 of which (4.9%) had an isolated lesion in the thalamus (ILT). In patients with ILT, 6/52 had aphasic symptoms. Aphasic symptoms after ILT were only present in patients with left anterior lesion location (n = 6, 100% left anterior vs. 0% other thalamic location, p < 0.001). Conclusions Aphasic symptoms in thalamic stroke are strongly associated with left anterior lesion location. In thalamo-cortical language networks, specifically the nuclei in the left anterior thalamus could play an important role in integration of left cortical information with disconnection leading to aphasic symptoms.

Communication is essential for successful rehabilitation, yet few aphasia treatments have been investigated during the acute stroke phase. Alternative modality use including gesturing, writing, or drawing has been shown to increase... more

Communication is essential for successful rehabilitation, yet few aphasia treatments have been investigated during the acute stroke phase. Alternative modality use including gesturing, writing, or drawing has been shown to increase communicative effectiveness in people with chronic aphasia. Instruction in alternative modality use during acute stroke may increase patient communication and participation, therefore resulting in fewer adverse situations and improved rehabilitation outcomes. The study purpose was to explore a multimodal communication program for aphasia (MCPA) implemented during acute stroke rehabilitation. MCPA aims to improve communication modality production, and to facilitate switching among modalities to resolve communication breakdowns. Two adults with severe aphasia completed MCPA beginning at 2 and 3 weeks post onset a single left-hemisphere stroke. Probes completed during each session allowed for evaluation of modality production and modality switching accuracy....

People with stroke or Parkinson's disease (PD) live with reduced mood, social participation and quality of life (QOL). Communication difficulties affect 90% of people with PD (dysarthria) and over 33% of people with stroke (aphasia).... more

People with stroke or Parkinson's disease (PD) live with reduced mood, social participation and quality of life (QOL). Communication difficulties affect 90% of people with PD (dysarthria) and over 33% of people with stroke (aphasia). These consequences are disabling in many ways. However, as singing is typically still possible, its therapeutic use is of increasing interest. This article explores the experiences of and factors influencing participation in choral singing therapy (CST) by people with stroke or PD and their significant others. Participants (eight people with stroke, six with PD) were recruited from a community music therapy choir running CST. Significant others (seven for stroke, two for PD) were also recruited. Supported communication methods were used as needed to undertake semi-structured interviews (total N = 23). Thematic analysis indicated participants had many unmet needs associated with their condition, which motivated them to explore self-management options...

I argue that the general epistemological conservatism, typical for the post-socialist “transition,” taken together with the imagined or experienced feeling of radically limited spatial choices, gave rise to a series of interesting... more

I argue that the general epistemological conservatism, typical for the post-socialist “transition,” taken together with the imagined or experienced feeling of radically limited spatial choices, gave rise to a series of interesting symbolic shifts. An urgent search for a “new beginning,” a perceived state of semantic “indeterminacy” and “cognitive vacuum,” a recognition of the loss of all meaningful bearings was often represented as a disintegration of speech, as a deficiency of symbolic forms that could no longer express essential qualities of the current condition. The absence of comprehensive cognitive “maps” capable of representing the trajectory of development led to a pronounced preoccupation with the domain of minutiae, with tangible yet fragmented context. Also, this “being at a dead end” precipitated a move from the symbolism of space to the symbolism of time: “geography” gave place to “history.”

Previous research has shown that word-to-picture matching for targets that cannot be named at pre-test results in improved naming relative to untreated control items for people with aphasia. This paper replicates and extends this finding... more

Previous research has shown that word-to-picture matching for targets that cannot be named at pre-test results in improved naming relative to untreated control items for people with aphasia. This paper replicates and extends this finding and investigates its source. Is the effect a result of priming of semantic representations, or of post-semantic mechanisms in word retrieval?The first experiment shows that word-to-picture matching with unrelated distractors improves naming at short (2-3 minutes) and long (up to 25 minute) lags. There was no effect of being made aware of the relationship between word-to- picture matching and picture naming. People who have a semantic impairment improve only with a short lag between word-to-picture matching and naming. Participants with less semantic impairment show larger priming effects that are equal at short and long lags between word-to-picture matching and naming.The second experiment shows that the facilitation effect is just as large for word-to-picture matching with unrelated distractors as with semantically-related distractors. Furthermore, overall there was no difference between matching with coordinate items and with associated items.The results of these experiments show that facilitation of naming by word-to-picture matching in people with aphasia cannot be a result of the priming of semantic representations. Instead they are consistent with two effects: word-to-picture matching results in priming at a lemma level for aphasic people with a semantic impairment that is only found with a short lag between word-to-picture matching and naming. Word-to-picture matching causes priming of the lemma to output lexicon entry mapping that benefits participants with less semantic impairment that is evident at both a short and long lag between word-to-picture matching and naming. These findings fit well with previous research on repetition priming of naming with normal subjects.

Objectives So far, The Persian Aphasia Battery (PAB) has been widely used by clinicians as the first clinical linguistic test to assess and rehabilitate aphasia and language impairments among adult Iranian brain damaged aphasic patients... more

Objectives So far, The Persian Aphasia Battery (PAB) has been widely used by clinicians as the first clinical
linguistic test to assess and rehabilitate aphasia and language impairments among adult Iranian brain
damaged aphasic patients (Fluent/Non-Fluent). The first version was provided based on linguistic and
cultural adaptations on healthy Persian speaking adults and has been used by clinicians for more than 20
years. The purpose of this study was to report on the validity and reliability of PAB, based on the results
obtained from aphasic patients.
Methods & Materials In this research we report on data obtained from 57 Persian speaking brain damaged
patients with the age range of 19 to 83 years who were recruited from clinics in Tehran, Mashhad,
Karaj, Yazd, Isfahan, and Shiraz cities, Iran during 2006 to 2011 through purposeful sampling system. The
clinical language profiles of the patients were checked by an experienced speech language pathologist
(SLP) for diagnosis. The internal consistency of the Battery, the subtests and items in each subtest were
assessed based on the Cronbach α index. The internal consistency of the structure of the Battery was
based on the correlation between its subtests and each language skill.
Results The overall measure of internal consistency of the Battery was 0.93 and the internal consistency
of major language skills was significant (r=0.3-0.76, P<0.05). The subtests had high to medium internal
consistencies (r=0.63-0.83, P<0.01). The profiles of different language skills and subtests of PAB are consistent
with the diagnosis of aphasia type by expert SLP clinicians.
Conclusion Based on the obtained validity and reliability measures, the Battery has high internal consistency
and clinical utility and can be used for differential diagnosis and measuring severity of aphasia in
clinical linguistic studies among adult Persian speaking brain damaged patients.