Biodigester Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

This review is a summary of different aspects of
the design and operation of biogas digesters. Three types
of digesters were reviewed, that is, the plug flow, floating
drum and the fixed dome digester. Biogas is one of the
products formed during the anaerobic digestion process.
Anaerobic digestion is dependent on several factors such
as the pH value, feeding material, temperature, pressure,
organic loading rate, retention time and the Carbon-to-
Nitrogen (C/N) ratio. The shape of the digester and the
material for construction are also considered important
during design stage.

- by and +2
- •
- Biodigester

En el presente trabajo se obtuvo biofertilizantes sólidos a partir de la fermentación anaeróbica de excretas de ganado vacuno provenientes de la empresa agropecuaria “Los Luises” S.R.L., ubicada en el Tablazo, Distrito de Huanchaco, Provincia de Trujillo, Región La Libertad, Perú.
El biofertilizante sólido obtenido contiene nutrientes primarios (NPK) con un grado de (5.53% - 2.96% – 3.74%), lo que se concluye que es posible tratar las excretas de ganado vacuno.
El medio anaeróbico consistió en un biorreactor semicontinuo “modelo hindú modificado con cúpula flotante” de 588 litros de capacidad, convirtió las excretas en un fertilizante de óptima calidad.
La temperatura promedio en el biorreactor fue de 24 °C
Se obtuvo en el biorreactor anaeróbico como subproducto biogás en los siguientes volúmenes de 24.16 L, 35.14 L, 48.80 L, 44.46 L, 70.98 L, 88.21 L para un Tiempo de Retención Hidráulica (TRH) de 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 y 28 días respectivamente.
El pH promedio de entrada fue de 6.70 y el de salida en el biodigestor estuvo en el rango de 7.10.
Se demostró la posibilidad de tratar a las excretas con eficiencias de remoción de 60.5 % para la DQO y 80.1 % para la DBO5.
La conductividad eléctrica en el biofertilizante se incrementó en un 12.42 %, de 10.88 dS/m a 12.24 dS/m a los 28 días de retención hidráulica
Se logró una remoción del 98.1 por 100 de coliformes totales.
Palabras claves: Biorreactor, biofertilizante sólido, excretas

- by Haniel Solís
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- Biofertilizers, Biodigester, Guano, Biodigestores

This paper assesses the technical, economic and environmental impact for the implementation of a small-scale anaerobic digestion system in an animal farm located in the Republic of Kazakhstan. All data for manure availability and local energy consumption was obtained from the model farm " Buranbayev Company " which is located in Uralsk, Kazakhstan. A Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system based on a reciprocating engine and heat recovery system was considered as the technology to operate with the biogas generated through a mesophilic anaerobic biodigester exporting power to the grid, which is currently the source of power and heating in the farm. The techno-economic study includes Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) and Entrepreneurship Development Fund " DAMU " loan subsidy, which are current governmental incentives in Kazakhstan. The small size farm biodigester is fed with manure from around 600 heads of cattle and runs a 100 kW genset unit. Results of the analysis demonstrate that DAMU subsidy positively influences the financial outcome of the project leading to an IRR of 38.3% on the equity investment. The model developed here may be easily used in the future by other local farmers in order to assess the economic and technical advantages of own power generation and its sales to the grid.

- by Luis Rojas-Solórzano and +1
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- Life Cycle Costing, Clean energy technologies, Farm Waste Management, Biodigester

A gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos no Brasil vem passando por um avanço sensível na abrangência da coleta realizada nos ambientes urbanos. Ultimamente este avanço vem acontecendo na alteração da disposição final dos resíduos, com um progressivo abandono da prática dos lixões, que hoje só acontece na metade dos municípios, principalmente aqueles de menor porte.
Para os resíduos úmidos (restos de alimentos, resíduos verdes e outros) existe a opção da compostagem simples ou acelerada e a biodigestão anaeróbia em diversas variantes. Também se encontra no mercado internacional o uso da incineração, bem como, de outros processos como pirólise, gaseificação e plasma, que ainda carecem de comprovação da viabilidade técnica, econômica e ambiental exigida na legislação. No Brasil, a maior parte dos empreendimentos de utilização de RSU para geração de energia utilizam os aterros sanitários.
No rol de alternativas possíveis, este documento expõe o resultado de uma análise comparativa entre várias alternativas de aproveitamento energético de resíduos sólidos. A análise abrange o desempenho econômico financeiro relativo à implantação e operação, o balanço energético (energia produzida e energia conservada), as emissões de gases de efeito estufa, o impacto sobre empregos e o atendimento aos marcos regulatórios federais.

- by Tania Nalborczyk Leites
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- RSU, Biodigester
- by Prof Esther T . Akinlabi
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- Biodigester

The present work aims to present an option of treatment of domestic effluents in a decentralized way mainly for the rural population, due to deficiency of public basic sanitation in these areas, the proposal to be presented is the manufacture of a prototype of a Biodigester Septic Tank, a technology developed by Embrapa that has the purpose of treating "black water" from houseshold sewage, which are commonly released without treatment causing environmental, social impacts and the spread of water transmission diseases. The inadequate discharge of this type of effluent has been causing serious damage to the rural population that directly suffers the consequences of their thoughtless actions. Although the Biodigestor Septic Tank is already widely used in rural areas, knowledge about this system has not yet reached most homes, and it was possible to verify resistance to its implantation. The purpose of the project, therefore, was to manufacture a prototype of the biodigester to disseminate knowledge in a more palpable way that allows greater interaction with the system, hoping that this way more people can be made aware of the problem and implement a simple and economically viable that contributes to the improvement their basic sanitation.

Despite substantial programmatic investment in domestic bio-digesters across sub-Saharan Africa in recent years, little empirical evidence has been published regarding the existence or magnitude of socioeconomic or environmental benefits accruing from bio-digester implementation. A cross-sectional study of 40 households in Arusha, Tanzania, suggests that bio-digester adoption has the potential to reduce fuel-wood use, energy-related expenditures , and time-costs of energy procurement; to lower CO 2 e emissions; and to increase farm incomes. No significant differences in synthetic fertilizer use were observed between households with and without bio-digesters. Domestic bio-digester investments were found to have a positive net present value across a wide range of discount rates. Further, we estimate that domestic bio-digester implementation at the country wide level in Tanzania could potentially access 80–80–80–115 million annually in carbon emissions reduction (CER) financing through the Clean Development Mechanism.

- by Jenna Davis
- •
- Sustainable Sanitation, Biodigester, Resource Recovery

This review is a summary of different aspects of the design and operation of biogas digesters. Three types of digesters were reviewed, that is, the plug flow, floating drum and the fixed dome digester. Biogas is one of the products formed during the anaerobic digestion process. Anaerobic digestion is dependent on several factors such as the pH value, feeding material, temperature, pressure, organic loading rate, retention time and the Carbon-to-Nitrogen (C/N) ratio. The shape of the digester and the material for construction are also considered important during design stage.

- by Daniel M. Madyira
- •
- Environmental Science, Biodigester

Anaerobic digestion for biogas production is vital in sewage sludge management. This paper focuses on the design and development of an anaerobic bio-digester that can be utilized for biogas production utilizing Acti-zyme as the digestion bio-catalyst from sewage sludge. A stainless steel lab scale bio-digester with a capacity of 390 L/day and an operating efficiency of 75% was considered. The bio-digester allowed for addition of both the Acti-zyme and sewage sludge, the removal of the biogas and bio-solids generated during the digestion process. Process and equipment safety was ensured by maintaining the temperature at 35°C, pressure at 1 atmosphere as well as ensuring the flow of the substrate was maintained at 75% to minimize as operational hazards. Agitation was maintained at 60 rpm for uniform mixing whilst pH was maintained at 7 for enhancing Acti-zyme activity. The anaerobic bio-digester can either be up scaled or downscaled for application in sewage sludge management using Acti-zyme.
Keywords: Acti-zyme, anaerobic bio-digester design, biogas, sewage sludge digestion, bio-solids

- by Prof. Mercy M . M . Manyuchi (Pr. Eng; CEng, FZweIE) and +2
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- Biodigester

A novel cost-effective bio-digester was explored to convert biological waste into useful clean energy. The bioreactor was aimed to anaerobically digest locally sourced cow dung and chicken droppings. The design consideration is a batch horizontal 267 L digester made from cast iron with centrally positioned four-impeller shaft to enhance mixing. The system operated with a retention time of 63 days and a substrate (cow dung and poultry waste) ratio of 1:2 and water substrate ratio of 1:0.5 in the gasholder system. The purification, compression and performance evaluation of the generated biogas were also conducted. The total volume of gas produced for each substrate compositions designed over 14 days ranges between 49.34 and 52.91 mL/day. The optimal value of 52.45 ml using cow dung and poultry waste (w/w) 20:80 was obtained. The average ambient temperatures during the study were within the mesophilic range of 20-40°C. The pH values were stable and always in the optimal range of 6.5-8.0. The reductions in moisture content, ash content, total solids and volatile solids were from 80.50-0.20 per cent, 39.60-14 per cent, 18.50-5.90 per cent and 11.60-4.90 per cent, respectively. The developed digester is cost-effective and would help minimize solid waste disposal. The estimated methane contents of the gas from cow dung and chicken waste after scrubbing were found to be 71.95 per cent and could be harnessed in solving the energy crisis in the developing nations.

- by Modestus Okwu and +1
- •
- Renewable Energy, Waste, Biogas, Biodigester

Purpose A novel cost-effective bio-digester was explored to convert biological waste into useful clean energy. The bioreactor was aimed to anaerobically digest locally sourced cow dung and chicken droppings. Design/methodology/approach The design consideration is a batch horizontal 267 L digester made from cast iron with centrally positioned four-impeller shaft to enhance mixing. The system operated with a retention time of 63 days and a substrate (cow dung and poultry waste) ratio of 1:2 and water substrate ratio of 1:0.5 in the gasholder system. The purification, compression and performance evaluation of the generated biogas were also conducted. Findings The total volume of gas produced for each substrate compositions designed over 14 days ranges between 49.34 and 52.91 mL/day. The optimal value of 52.45 ml using cow dung and poultry waste (w/w) 20:80 was obtained. The average ambient temperatures during the study were within the mesophilic range of 20-40°C. The pH values were sta...

- by Olusegun Samuel
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- Renewable Energy, Waste, Biogas, Biodigester

This study evaluated the exergy analysis of the mechanical forced draft counter flow of the Port Harcourt Refinery cooling towers. The exergy analysis was carried out using the exergy destruction method. The results of the investigation and optimization show that the exergy destruction increases with the increases in mass flow rates of the cooling water, makeup water, and Air. Also, exergy destruction decreases with the decreases in Humidity Ratio, Heat sink Temperature, and Relative Humidity of Air. The optimal values of exergy efficiency of (0.7899[-]) and exergy destruction of (42135[W]]) obtained gave the expected minimum values of mass flows rates of Air (2185kg/s), Makeup water (79.33 (kg/s) and cooling water (4781 (kg/s).

Currently, there is an increase in amounts of sewage sludge and disposal routes are limited posing a great threat to the environment, at the same time, economic hardships in production of electricity have also led to constant load shedding and higher electricity rates nationwide. This paper reviews the costs involved in an integrated system for the production of electricity from biogas in general and methane from sewage sludge in particular. It examines the economics of setting up a plant, showing that the potential for this form of renewable energy lies in either processing low-cost wastes or fiscal incentive, even at relatively large scales of operation and with high-efficiency processes. The paper then considers all the elements required with respect to sewage sludge handling and preparation, gasification, gas quality and gas cleaning, and establishes the criteria for their selection for delivery of a clean gas to a gas turbine or engine through environmental impact assessment analysis. The biogas production plant is governed by the Pollution Act as well as the Explosives Act since methane is highly explosive. The plant was to be situated in Aspindale as it is close to one of the major sewage treatment plants with a great sewage pipeline network and is also close to the market both for the methane gas and digestate. An economic analysis proved the project to be viable as it has a return on investment of 98% with a payback period of 1 year at 75% plant utilization for a unit cost of $2.50 per kg. In conclusion, this project proved to be economically viable.

Dependence on biomass to meet domestic energy needs raises several socio-environmental concerns. In contrast, cattle manure, which may be used to generate biogas, is considered a cleaner and cheaper energy source. Despite several initiatives to promote biogas, systematic analyses of its effects are limited. This paper uses data from Rwanda to examine the effects of participating in a biogas program on energy-related expenditures and consumption of traditional fuels. We find evidence of substantial reductions in firewood use and large savings. However, the attractiveness of the program is hampered by a long payback period and low rates of return.

- by Lorenzo Pellegrini and +1
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- Economics, Development Economics, Energy Economics, Environmental Economics
- by Davannendran Chandran
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- Methane, Biodigester

Kecakapan seseorang akan berbeda satu dengan yang lainnya, bahkan dengan dua orang yang terlahir kembar identik sekalipun. Hal ini disebabkan salah satunya karena prestasi kognitif (Cognitive Performance). Prestasi kognitif adalah kemampuan/prestasi seseorang yang dapat terlihat jelas menjalankan tugas-tugas kognitif. 1 Prestasi kognitif dipengaruhi oleh gen (genes), kemampuan secara umum (general ability), pengalaman (life experiences) serta pengetahuan yang telah dipelajarinya (knoweledge you have learned) 2 .

- by Nur Fadli Hazhar Fachrial
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- Life Skills, Soft Skills, Ability, Biodigester
- by Nazia Adnin
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- Air pollution, Biodigester, Renewable Cooking Fuels

- by Andrei Dobrita
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- Life Cycle Costing, Clean energy technologies, Farm Waste Management, Biodigester

The objective of this research was to obtain struvite from digested matter from a bio rural digester fed with bovine manure. To determine operating variables to recover struvite (PO43- and NH4+ ions), researchers developed an experiment design in which they evaluated the combined effect of the Mg2+: PO43- molar ratio (1.5:1; 2.5:1 and 3.5:1), reaction time (10, 50 and 90 min) and stirring speed (100, 450 and 800 rpm). The recovery rates obtained were 55±4.94 % and 58±7.72 % for NH4+ and PO43- respectively. The favorable conditions were 1.5 molar ratio, 50 minute reaction time and 450 rpm stirring speed. Struvite crystal formation and composition were confirmed using petrographic microscopy and infrared radiation. Struvite yield was 295.75 mg /l from digestate employed.

- by revista colombiana de biotecnologia and +1
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- Struvite, Biodigester, cattle manure, household digester

ABSTRACT Despite substantial programmatic investment in domestic bio-digesters across sub-Saharan Africa in recent years, little empirical evidence has been published regarding the existence or magnitude of socioeconomic or environmental benefits accruing from bio-digester implementation. A cross-sectional study of 40 households in Arusha, Tanzania, suggests that bio-digester adoption has the potential to reduce fuel-wood use, energy-related expenditures, and time-costs of energy procurement; to lower CO2e emissions; and to increase farm incomes. No significant differences in synthetic fertilizer use were observed between households with and without bio-digesters. Domestic bio-digester investments were found to have a positive net present value across a wide range of discount rates. Further, we estimate that domestic bio-digester implementation at the country wide level in Tanzania could potentially access 80–80–80–115 million annually in carbon emissions reduction (CER) financing through the Clean Development Mechanism.

- by Jenna Davis
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- Engineering, Economics, Sustainable Sanitation, Biodigester

- by O. Oyekola
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- Chemistry, Municipal Solid Waste Management, Biogas, Sewage sludge

Pig farming is one of the most productive sectors of the Colombian economy, which faces quality and health challenges, due to the environmental impact generated by the inadequate management of the waste produced by the swine manure that contaminates the bodies of water, soil and air. This is the productive activity of the habitants of the Verjón Forest Reserve, who have supported the development of a sustainable and friendly solution with the ecological function of this territory. During 2018 a low-cost biodigester was designed with recycled and easy access materials for the community, and in 2019 the implementation of the biodigester in cold weather will be developed to transform the swine manure into fertilizer (solids) for the improvement of soils, biogas for domestic use and biol (liquids) for watering plants. These products will be obtained after of different process that allows its use without affecting the health of the community and the ecosystem of the Reserve. The implementation will have two phases, a first phase that will develop the pilot to consolidate the correct operation of the biodigester during the first semester of 2019 and a second phase during the second semester of 2019 that will analyze the organic carbon and will allow to obtain fertilizer, biogas and biol. In this first phase of the implementation, errors in the design of the biodigester were resolved with respect to the adequate measurement of the variables of temperature, pressure and pH that allowed to establish the stable functioning of the biodigester for the generation of the products proposed for domestic use in the second phase of implementation. This project will be a multidisciplinary work of researchers from Universidad de los Andes and Universidad Minuto de Dios that will empower the community in the sustainable management of waste and its ecological use.

- by Juan Sánchez-Gómez
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- Biodigester, Sustainability

Se evaluó la operación de la Planta Demostrativa de Producción de Biogás con Digestores de Presión Hidráulica (DPH) del Campus Central de la Universidad Politécnica de Nicaragua (UPOLI), entre inicios de abril y mediados de julio de 2011 y se comprobó la estabilidad del proceso, su capacidad de asimilar 50 kg/día de residuos de cocina, 100 kg/día de residuos de mercados o cantidades equivalentes de la mezcla de ambos sustratos, con una producción de biogás proporcional al tipo y cantidad de residuo orgánico disponible. Se comprobó la factibilidad de la utilización del biogás producido en la Cocina Institucional y la<br> potencialidad de utilizarlo en su totalidad, tan pronto se dispuso de la cantidad requerida de almacenaje de biogás. Se logró el<br> control de la emisión de malos olores que se presentaron en el proceso inicial de puesta en marcha de la Planta; después que se estabilizó la operación, se incrementó el consumo de biogás en la Cocina Institucional de la UPO...

- by Olusegun Samuel
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- Renewable Energy, Waste, Biogas, Biodigester

- by Edson Guerra
- •
- Bioenergy, Biodigester

Biogas is a technology that enables the generation of energy through the process of anaerobic biodigestion, and sweet potato is an option as an energy production source. This research evaluated biogas production in anaerobic biodigesters and characterized the physico-chemical composition of two commercial sweet potato cultivars, BRS Cuia and BRS Rubissol, and two genotypes, Bela Vista and Laranjeiras. Variance analysis, the Tukey test and the physical-chemical characterization were completed, and the results were correlated using principal component analysis (PCA). In the analyses of tuberous root composition, significant differences between the genotypes were observed because of the influence of the absorption of moisture, decomposition, and variations in the yield and quality of roots. For the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test, the estimate of biogas production was 2,906.5 liters ha-1 for the cultivar BRS Cuia, 2,712.4 liters ha-1 for Laranjeiras, 2,906.5 liters ha-1 for BRS Rubissol, and 398,2 liters ha-1 for Bela Vista. The PCA analysis of sweet potato genotypes, physical-chemical and agronomic parameters showed all genotypes have a direct correlation with the amount of reducing sugars and humidity, with 97.77% of the data variability explained. The Laranjeiras genotype has the most significant potential to produce biogas, followed by the BRS Cuia cultivar. The results emphasize that the sweet potato crop is a good source of biomass for energy generation.

- by Revista Ambiente & Água
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- Bioenergy, Biodigester, Ipomoea batatas L.

Due to the environmental impacts caused by intensive swine farming and the economic importance and growth of this activity, this study evaluated environmental management
practices on swine farms located in the state of São Paulo/Brazil. In order to accomplish this, exploratory interviews were conducted with the managers or owners of 37 randomly selected farms.

- by Revista Ambiente & Água and +1
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- Composting, Biodigester, Swine waste
- by Ruben Gonzalez
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- Environmental Engineering, Microbiology, Biomass, Public Health