Waste Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Planning the proper management of waste and considering its harmful effects on the environment in each country is one of the important principles to provide long - term benefits and move on the path of sustainable development. In this... more

Planning the proper management of waste and considering its harmful effects on the environment in each country is one of the important principles to provide long - term benefits and move on the path of sustainable development. In this regard, waste management is considered as one of the major axes of development in rural areas. Due to the importance of the problem, the present descriptive-analytical study was conducted to identify the factors affecting rural waste management in Shirin Dareh village, Quchan city. The statistical population of this study includes the heads of rural households of Shirin Darreh village (3560) in which 347 were selected applying Cochran formula. The method of Attributive-Survey was applied to collect data. A documentary method is used to examine the record and explain the problem. Furthermore, a survey method was used to collect the data by observation, interview and completion of the questionnaire among the residents. The data were also analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software packages. Exploratory factor analysis was used in order to identify the factors associated with the structure “factor affecting of Rural Waste Management in Shirin Dareh Village”. Besides, confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the goodness of fit index of the research model. The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that ten factors of ultimate disposal management, education and information, cultural, health, knowledge and awareness, inter-sectoral, financial, executive organization, planned and social programs, explains approximately 67.51% of total variance of waste management factors affecting rural areas of Shirin Darreh. The findings of confirmatory factor analysis also showed that those ten mentioned factors, to a large extent, measure the independent and discrete dimensions of "waste management factors affecting" within the study area.

Abstract-Biochemical changes related to stability of food waste compost are strongly affected by different composting techniques. For evaluation of compost maturity three locally fabricated composters and windrow process were examined at... more

Abstract-Biochemical changes related to stability of food waste compost are strongly affected by different composting techniques. For evaluation of compost maturity three locally fabricated composters and windrow process were examined at seven days interval up to 91 days by ...

The paper presents the preliminary results of an ongoing research project which aims to develop a method for controlling waste on building sites. The main focus of the method is to establish waste control procedures as part of site... more

The paper presents the preliminary results of an ongoing research project which aims to develop a method for controlling waste on building sites. The main focus of the method is to establish waste control procedures as part of site management on a routine basis, using a pull learning approach and emphasising the principle of process transparency by using qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. The study also intends to make some contributions for the consolidation of the Lean Construction theory, through the application of some of its principles in practice. A classification for waste in the construction industry is proposed, based on previous studies concerning waste measurement. Based on that classification, a protocol for data collection was developed and applied in case studies carried out in three different Brazilian building companies. One of the main conclusions of the paper is concerned with the need to integrate waste control into the production planning an...

Physicochemical analyses were carried out on soil samples from four different waste dumpsites in the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA), Nigeria to ascertain the effects of the refuse dumpsites on soil and groundwater... more

Physicochemical analyses were carried out on soil samples from four different waste dumpsites in the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA), Nigeria to ascertain the effects of the refuse dumpsites on soil and groundwater qualities. Dumpsite locations are Physics Laboratory (PHY), Post Graduate Hostel (PG), School of Earth and Mineral Science (SEMS) and Staff Quarters (STQ). Soil samples collected at distances 0 (dumpsite), 10 and 20 m intervals away from the dumpsite were analyzed and at depths 10, 20 and 30 cm. Parameters determined include pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), Phosphorus (P), Nitrogen (N), Potassium (K), Organic Carbon (OC), Organic Matter (OM) and heavy metals such as Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) and subjected to relevant statistical analysis. Most of the parameters analyzed indicated pollution and were below the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) limits. P and Mg concentrations ranged from 1.19 to 1.25mg/kg and 3.17 to 13.61mg/kg respectively which indicated pollution. Out of heavy metals analyzed, Cu was 1.75mg/kg and Pb was not detected. Statistical analysis indicated signicant differences at 95% level. The result showed that the soil samples were mildly polluted and therefore not suitable for crop production.

This chapter considers examples from our fieldwork at amateur-run popular music archives and museums which reveal some challenges faced by archivists and curators in establishing the terms under which they build their collections. The... more

This chapter considers examples from our fieldwork at amateur-run popular music archives and museums which reveal some challenges faced by archivists and curators in establishing the terms under which they build their collections. The founding stories of these institutions stress the motivation to save artefacts that document music culture from being declared ‘rubbish’. With an overwhelming volume of popular music’s ephemera in circulation, decisions to discard material are pragmatic, but also draw into focus the long-held assumption that commodified popular cultures are disposable, made to be thrown away, forgotten. These DIY institutions suggest a common desire is emerging across national contexts to preserve these ‘disposable’ artefacts, and are examples of how communities are intervening in the management of popular music heritage.

Lean Manufacturing (LM) is a business strategy that was developed in Japan. The main contribution of lean manufacturing is the identification and elimination of waste. Companies apply LM to sustain their competitiveness over their... more

Lean Manufacturing (LM) is a business strategy that was developed in Japan. The main contribution of lean manufacturing is the identification and elimination of waste. Companies apply LM to sustain their competitiveness over their competitors by improving the manufacturing system’s productivity and quality enhancement of the product. The goal of this paper is to apply one of the most significant lean manufacturing techniques called Value Stream Mapping (VSM) to improve the production line of a company that produces several components for vehicle assembly line by decreasing the waste and non-value added activities. First, the current value stream map of production line was developed using personal interviews, observations and secondary data of the company. Subsequently, the future value stream map was proposed based on the lean manufacturing principles to improve total production lead time and value added time. Based on the final result it can be concluded that VSM is a useful and a...

The increase in human population requires more buildings that require more use of resources. This trend has a negative impact on the natural environment, economic and social issues, affecting the quality of life of current and future... more

The increase in human population requires more buildings that require more use of resources. This trend has a negative impact on the natural environment, economic and social issues, affecting the quality of life of current and future generations. This study reports the views of construction experts on the incorporation of sustainable construction in project management in Ghana. In all, data were collected from 122 construction professionals selected randomly by survey. At different stages, site, water, waste, energy, human and material factors were used. The study indicated that perceptions of project success when it runs within the triple goals (time, cost and quality) are influencing construction professionals to undermine the involvement of sustainability benefits (environmental, economic and social) in terms of the criteria used to measure the project's success. However, most of the building structures in Ghana depend largely on the energy, increases energy waste reducing oc...

This research deals with two important subjects in the local and global areas , the first is the environmental pollution and the second is economic advantages of recycling and reusing of industrial materials. One of the most important... more

This research deals with two important subjects in the local and global areas , the first is the environmental pollution and the second is economic advantages of recycling and reusing of industrial materials. One of the most important industrial materials is styrobor waste. Because of many good properties of Styropor, like compressibility and a good ability to mould according to human needs, this material become as an important material in several life categories. In the other side, there are industrial disadvantages presented by big waste quantities.
In this research a study of the effect of adding styropor to concrete as a percentage by weight of cement on some properties of concrete. Four mixtures with different percentage of styropor, and a reference mix, were made. The experimental work includes several tests like, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and density. These ages of these tests were (7, 28 and 90) days.
Results showed that adding of Styropor wastes educed the compressive strength , splitting tensile strength and density.

The study was conducted to determine the awareness and sensitivity of the younger generation in environmental issues such global warming, climate change and waste management. Data were gathered from selected students who attended the... more

The study was conducted to determine the awareness and sensitivity of the younger generation in environmental issues such global warming, climate change and waste management. Data were gathered from selected students who attended the environmental awareness seminar held at Lyceum of the Philippines-Laguna in 2011. There were 54 students who participated in the survey. The respondents had participated in several activities related to environmental issues which include attendance to seminars, and participation in school and community projects. Most of the information about environmental issues was obtained by the students from their teachers. Global warming was the most common issue. There was a significant increase in the level of knowledge after the environmental awareness campaign was made. As a result, the highest level of action proposed by the students is on the proper disposal of wastes and the proper segregation of wastes.

Journal article.
Publisher: AA Publications, The Architectural Association

This study was conducted to assess the level of administrative capability of implementers, level of the implementation of the program and the participation of individual members of the community. Moreover, it evaluated the influence of... more

This study was conducted to assess the level of administrative capability of implementers, level of the implementation of the program and the participation of individual members of the community. Moreover, it evaluated the influence of the program implementation and community participation in the programs' impact. The respondents were identified: municipal and barangay councils, residents, commercial establishments, schools and LGU's. A total of nine hundred forty four (944) respondents participated in the study. The level of participation of the community members in the SWMP is also "Average" as supported by the individual rating for municipal and barangay councils, residents, commercial establishments, schools, and LGU's as well. The component activities of the SWMP are implemented with an "Average" rating. The community members' level of satisfaction on SWMP's impact is "Average". This finding was supported by the respondents' rating on their level of satisfaction on improvement of health and cleanliness, increase in institutions' income and satisfaction of community members. Since the Solid Waste Management Program of Sta. Catalina, Ilocos Sur is moderately implemented, there are some aspects that require immediate action. The most important reason for waste collection is the protection of the environment and the health of the population. Solid wastes can cause land and water pollution. Rotting garbage is also known to produce harmful gases that mix with the air and can cause health problems in people. Planning the waste management and recycling for all of the wastes produced in this country is an enormous task which involves both logistical planning and scientific knowledge and understanding in order to balance the impact on the environment and the cost effectiveness of the process.

"Plastics and their chemicals are in every body of water and in every human body. Usual scientific measurements of toxicity, the ability to track contaminants, and causal models fore estimating long-term effects are failing to account for... more

This research includes study the effect of adding sawdust, which is obtained from some of Al-Ramadi carpentry factories on the properties of concrete like compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength. The... more

This research includes study the effect of adding sawdust, which is obtained from some of Al-Ramadi carpentry factories on the properties of concrete like compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength. The concrete mixes by volume were (1:1:1) , (1:1.5:1.5) , (1:2:1) and (1:1:0) (cement:sand:sawdust) respectively.
Pundit instrument is used to find the pulse velocity for this kind of concrete .

People suffer from serious pollution problems caused by the generation of large quantity of waste. Studies conducted that Solid Waste Management (SWM) showed minimal impacts to the community in some areas in the Philippines like Naga... more

People suffer from serious pollution problems caused by the generation of large quantity of waste. Studies conducted that Solid Waste Management (SWM) showed minimal impacts to the community in some areas in the Philippines like Naga City. This paper evaluated the effectiveness on the impleme ntation of SWM system in Naga City in terms of information dissemination. This also analyzed the awareness of the household heads on the programs and its level of priority by the Local Government Units (LGUs). The study adopted descriptive-evaluative design of mixed methods of research. Structured questionnaires, interviews and FGDs were used for data gathering to the selected respondents such as household heads, LGU's and SWM Office key persons of nine (9) Barangays and selected schools in Naga City, Philippines. Based on the findings of the study, households were "slightly aware" of different SW management programs, the City has "not given much priority" in informing the public on the different SWM programs; also, its implementation in terms of information and dissemination were "slightly effective." The results of these findings will help LGU, NGOs and other stakeholders in enhancing policies on SWM problems specifically, issues in terms of information dissemination. This will give rise to a better, more effective, sustainable and culturally a cceptable SWM developmental plan that will alleviate City's problem on waste.

District heating networks are commonly addressed in the literature as one of the most effective solutions for decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. These systems require high investments which are returned... more

District heating networks are commonly addressed in the literature as one of the most effective solutions for decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. These systems require high investments which are returned through the heat sales. Due to the changed climate conditions and building renovation policies, heat demand in the future could decrease, prolonging the investment return period. The main scope of this paper is to assess the feasibility of using the heat demand – outdoor temperature function for heat demand forecast. The district of Alvalade, located in Lisbon (Portugal), was used as a case study. The district is consisted of 665 buildings that vary in both construction period and typology. Three weather scenarios (low, medium, high) and three district renovation scenarios were developed (shallow, intermediate, deep). To estimate the error, obtained heat demand values were compared with results from a dynamic heat demand model, previously developed and validated by the authors. The results showed that when only weather change is considered, the margin of error could be acceptable for some applications (the error in annual demand was lower than 20% for all weather scenarios considered). However, after introducing renovation scenarios, the error value increased up to 59.5% (depending on the weather and renovation scenarios combination considered). The value of slope coefficient increased on average within the range of 3.8% up to 8% per decade, that corresponds to the decrease in the number of heating hours of 22-139h during the heating season (depending on the combination of weather and renovation scenarios considered). On the other hand, function intercept increased for 7.8-12.7% per decade (depending on the coupled scenarios). The values suggested could be used to modify the function parameters for the scenarios considered, and improve the accuracy of heat demand estimations. Abstract This study aims to examine the economic and environmental benefits of recovered paper and potential contribution of the recovered paper to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) Vision 2030. The Vision 2030 is an inclusive development policy, recently launched, with the objectives to build the best future for the country. The Vision 2030 is based on three ambitious goals: making the country a vibrant society, a thriving economy and an ambitious nation. It is estimated that by 2030, 5.05 million ton of waste paper would be recovered in the country. About 11.3 billion SAR (US $3.01 billion) would be added to the country's GDP and would create about 16,536 new jobs if the recovered paper industry is built in the country. Moreover, a net environmental benefit of 9.6 million crude barrel oil savings and 4.5 million ton of CO2 savings from GHG emissions could be achieved by 2030 only from the paper waste recovery in the country. The potential benefits of paper waste recycling in KSA highlight the needs of effective measures to optimize the economic and environmental opportunities inherited in the waste paper industry. These measures should focus on capitalizing the local waste paper processing industry, restrict the export of raw waste paper materials, and enhance the waste paper collection process and quantity.

Waste had great potential in creating environmental health issues. The government had tried various ways of waste management policy such as waste management services and people empowerment to manage their waste independently. The... more

Waste had great potential in creating environmental health issues. The government had tried various ways of waste management policy such as waste management services and people empowerment to manage their waste independently. The objectives of this study is to observe the problem of garbage in the Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY), the Government’s policy in managing domestic waste in DIY, the changes in environmental
Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Domestik Government Policy in Domestic Waste Management Surahma Asti Mulasari* Adi Heru Husodo** Noeng Muhadjir***
quality and community impact of the waste management, and the methods of monitoring and managing waste in DIY. This research was a qualitative case study design. The phenomenon in this research was the waste management policy in DIY. Waste problem in the province DIYwas the district service coverage which was still very low, except for the city of Yogyakarta (90%). The waste transported to landfill was still low compared to the volume of waste generated. The policy in DIYfor waste management was that in all districts/cities in DIYthere had been units formed, responsible for managing waste. The changes in the quality of environment and community were that the environment and roads are getting clean, beautiful, and comfortable. The methods for monitoring and evaluation of waste management policy in the province had not been set forth in the standard procedure. Waste problem had been a concern for local government of DIY. The policy had been supported by the service program, project, regulatory, and special incentives for waste management. Keywords: Policy, local government, waste

Addressing the contemporary waste management is seeing a shift towards energy production while managing waste sustainably. Consequently, waste treatment through gasification is slowly taking over the waste incineration with multiple... more

Addressing the contemporary waste management is seeing a shift towards energy production while managing waste sustainably. Consequently, waste treatment through gasification is slowly taking over the waste incineration with multiple benefits, including simultaneous waste management and energy production while reducing landfill volumes and displacing conventional fossil fuels. Only in the UK, there are around 14 commercial plants built to operate on gasification technology. These include fixed bed and fluidized bed gasification reactors. Ultra-clean tar free gasification of waste is now the best available technique and has experienced a significant shift from two-stage gasification and combustion towards a one-stage system for gasification and syngas cleaning. Nowadays in gasification sector, more companies are developing commercial plants with tar cracking and syngas cleaning. Moreover, gasification can be a practical scheme when applying ultra-clean syngas for a gas turbine with heat recovery by steam cycle for district heating and cooling (DHC) systems. This chapter aims to examine the recent trends in gasification-based waste-to-energy technologies. Furthermore, types of gasification technologies, their challenges and future perspectives in various applications are highlighted in detail.

In the United States, new building material reuse and de-construction businesses are currently emerging as an alternative to demolition contractors. A national association organizes a bi-annual conference and vendors from all around the... more

In the United States, new building material reuse and de-construction businesses are currently emerging as an alternative to demolition contractors. A national association organizes a bi-annual conference and vendors from all around the country gather to share their business experience, challenges and networking opportunities. These businesses are helping society by reducing material waste, achieving LEED Resource Reuse credits, and creating job opportunities. They suffer, however, from the absence of a "system of information exchange" that would streamline their business processes, establish a supply-and-demand chain, and connect vendors, brokers and contractors with designers and architects.
This study presents an innovative restructuring of the traditional Design-Bid-Build process that enables the reuse of resources. The restructuring transforms the DBB project delivery method into an Integrated Project Delivery method by including the sustainability stakeholders in the early phases of the design process. We developed this model by capturing expert knowledge using a Delphi research protocol and the Business Process Modelling and Notation standards (BPMN). The proposed business process mapping workflows are integrated with the BIM Project Execution Planning Guide developed by the Computer Integrated Construction Research Program at the Pennsylvania State University (2010). Our work also identifies the critical decision nodes within the proposed process maps and suggests a decision-support framework that aid architects and building stakeholders when integrating sustainable building solutions regarding reusable materials. The Knowledge Capturing Process utilized in this research was applied using a qualitative method and a modified Delphi research protocol with the research participants. Triangulation with literature and built case studies were performed and the results were integrated in an illustrated detailed blueprint set of BPMN maps, which were then used to reach consensus with the industry stakeholders.

These poems were read at the 2002 Heretical Consumer Research gathering. The topic collectively chosen was Gleaning and most of these are entirely based on personal experience. They were published the following year in Consumption,... more

These poems were read at the 2002 Heretical Consumer Research gathering. The topic collectively chosen was Gleaning and most of these are entirely based on personal experience. They were published the following year in Consumption, Markets, Culture with a series of 8 photographs of recycled consumer goods from West African markets, taken in 1985-6.