Brooches Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

From Saxon mercenaries to prince Beowulf – Scandinavian identity in Anglo-Saxon England ca 450 – 800 AD.
Through an analysis of the spatial, chronological and social organization of Scandinavian material culture in England during the early and middle Anglo-Saxon period, it is argued that the Scandinavian cultural traits take part in a social discourse relating to the manifestation, negotiation and transformation of Anglo-Scandinavian identity. Both archaeological and contemporary historical sources are explored, and the analysis focuses on the intersection of manifestation of ethnic identity in the different medias/sources. The theoretical basis of the analysis is the perception of ethnicity as a dynamic, contextual and multidimensional phenomenon, generated in a situation where a cultural encounter between peoples of differing cultural traditions takes place. The cultural content of ethnic identities is seen as dependent on both the cultural practices of the agents involved, and the social conditions that characterize the specific historical situation where the meeting takes place.
The analysis of Scandinavian material culture indicates that in the period immediately following the ”Anglo-Saxon” invasion, Scandinavian identity is incorporated in a common Germanic, ”Saxon” identity that is contrasted and defined in opposition to a British/Romano-British ethnic identity. Then, in the period ca 475 – 575 AD, Scandinavian culture seems to be actively involved in a process of polarization between different regional groups. These groups are based on a constellation of different ethnic groups, such as Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Francs, ”Norwegians”, a ”native” Romano-British population etc, and are later to be known as Angles, Saxons and Jutes referred to in historical sources from the 8th and 9th centuries. At the end of the 6th and beginning of the 7th century, Scandinavian identity is going through a process where it is structured in accordance with a hierarchical principle, in which it comes to symbolize the common cultural heritage of an emerging aristocracy.

- by Marco Schrickel
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- Archaeology, Iron Age, Brooches, Iron Age brooches
- by wladyslaw duczko
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- Archaeology, Baltic Sea Region Studies, Medieval Archaeology, Viking Studies
- by Csilla Sáró
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- Fibules Gallo-Romaines, Brooches, Roman Brooches, Fibulae

In the 5th–8th centuries AD, members of the female population in Scandinavia frequently wore a costume adorned with conspicuous items of jewellery. Many of the items, such as brooches and clasps, were dress-accessories used to fasten these garments. Some of them, moreover, were popular over an extended area of Europe, and have been found in Scandinavia, Anglo-Saxon England and on the Continent alike. This book provides an analysis of more than 1,800 such items of jewellery from Scandinavia. It explores the contextual and geographical distribution through time of four major types of dress-accessory: cruciform brooches, relief brooches, wrist-clasps and conical brooches. Detailed analysis reveals distribution patterns and variations that provide new insights into the multifaceted reality of the Scandinavian pre-Viking period. The author argues that in a time characterized by social stress and upheaval, women played an important role in the negotiation of identities through the use of costume adorned with dress-accessories. These negotiations were part of a continuous, complex and ever-changing discourse of identity, in which different dimensions of multiple identities were generated, articulated and transformed. In some instances, a common identity is manifest even at a date which precedes by several centuries the unification of much the same areas into single medieval kingdoms, while social and political conditions could equally trigger either the material expression or the disappearance of shared identities at local, regional, and even pan-European levels. This book also offers a more nuanced view of ethnic groupings during the 5th–8th centuries by examining the inter-connectedness of the flexible and mobile ‘warrior nations’ of the Migration Period, and the territorially rooted, often historically documented ‘peoples’, who are reflected in the practices of female dress.
https://press.nordicopenaccess.no/index.php/noasp/catalog/book/132?_cldee=aS5tLnJvc3RhZEBraG0udWlvLm5v&recipientid=lead-e812f5bfc156e91180ec005056ac75f1-9e2d8b36cc93408b8ea56e58e2e9c2e6&utm_source=ClickDimensions&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=The%20Language%20of%20Jewellery%3A%20Dress-accessories%20and%20Negotiations%20of%20Identity%20in%20Scandinavia%2C%20c.%20AD%20400%E2%80%93650%2F70&esid=0f9a17e1-4bda-eb11-80fa-005056ac75f1

- by Andrzej Maciałowicz
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- Celtic Archaeology, Iron Age, Early Iron Age, Barbaricum
- by Eamonn P Kelly
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- Archaeology, Monastic Studies, Early Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval History

Some early medieval buckles and brooches from southern Apulia, some of Byzantine origin.

- by Paul Arthur
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- Early Medieval Archaeology, Byzantine Archaeology, Migration period, Brooches
- by Andreas Rau and +1
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- Great Migration period, Brooches, Roman Iron Age, Wielbark Culture

The plate fibulae that are the subject of this article come from two sites of the Olsztyn Group in the West Balt Cultural Circle. Morphological features of the artefacts discussed indicate that they are probably a pair made in one workshop. Both fibulae were made of copper alloys. The unusual design of the ornaments presented is worthy of note. Artefacts with finger-like protrusions crowning the head plate, made of three circles forming a triangle (German: Dreirundel Motiv), are rarely encountered in the Baltareas.The unique form of the brooches, stylistically different from the known types of plate fibulae, served as a basis for distinguishing the Robawy-Dłużec type. The brooch from the cemetery at Dłużec, site I, Mrągowo District (former Langendorf, Kr. Sensburg), known from the archival material of the former Prussia Museum, is a stray find. Based on the design of the foot terminal, representing Bernhard Salin animal style I, it was dated to the beginning of the 6th century. The second fibula, which is also a stray find, was discovered at the cemetery at Robawy, site XXIII, Kętrzyn District (former Robbawen, Kr. Rößel). The site is located in a cultural border zone. The excavated archaeological material shows the influence of both the Olsztyn Group and the Dollkeim-Kovrovo Culture. The article presents selected European artefacts employing the three-wheel motif. Dreirundel Motiv appears mainly on items of Scandinavian provenance. Robawy-Dłużec-type fibulae were probably manufactured locally, under a strong Scandinavian influence.

- by Marco Schrickel
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- Archaeology, Archaeometry, Iron Age, Archaeological Coral

An article about a late Viking bird brooch found in England.

- by Csilla Sáró
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- Brooches, Roman Brooches, Fibulae
- by Jacek Andrzejowski
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- Roman Period, Archaeology of Germanic tribes, Barbaricum, Brooches

In phase B1, and very prominently – in phase B2 of the Roman Period, tribal groups of the north-eastern territories of the Przeworsk culture displayed a number of characteristic regional elements. These elements are mostly seen in female outfits that become much richer and more varied than elsewhere within the Przeworsk culture territory. The features specific for the Eastern Przeworsk Zone, like e.g., a very high frequency of dress elements made of copper alloys, would be largely the effect of mutual relations of these people with communities of the Wielbark culture from Eastern Pomerania. Though outwardly only ethnographic, this specificity of the material culture may have deeper underlying causes, since starting with phase B1, there is evidence of two basic types of Eastern Przeworsk cemeteries. In both cases, the women’s grave furnishings display general Eastern Przeworsk characteristics. In cemeteries of the first group weapon graves disappear already in early phase B1. These cemeteries fell out of use before the end of phase B2 and reflect the full, or nearly full withdrawal of the ‘Przeworsk’ community from that area. The second group form Przeworsk cemeteries with ‘standard’ weapon graves. From phase B2/C1 on, the Wielbark culture newcomers continued to use many of these cemeteries. Many of them were then continuously used from phase B2/C1 by the Wielbark culture newcomers. It appears that a part of the Przeworsk population from the Eastern Zone probably joined Gothic (Wielbark) tribes then moving south. Recently many brooches recognized traditionally as definitely ethnographic markers of the Przeworsk culture (types Almgren 43 and Almgren 129) have been registered in the western provinces of nowadays Ukraine. However, these finds are already much more numerous than those from the ‘core’ territory of the Przeworsk culture – for the time being, this phenomenon seems to be inexplicable.

- by Jan Schuster
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- Great Migration period, Brooches

IVÁN, Robert: Brooches of Middle Danube Germans in the Roman period (older Roman age). Dissertation work. Comenius University in Bratislava. Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Archeology. Instructor Prof. PhDr. Eduard Krekovič, CSc. Level of Qualification PhD. Bratislava: FiF UK, 2015. Number of sites 161.
My dissertation work presents the digest of the most common German brooches from the period of older Roman Empire in the region North to Central Danube. The subjects of my research were the claps which were found in the settlement area of the Suebi (Marcomanni, Quads) in the Southwest of Slovakia, Moravia and the upper Danube part in Lower Austria. In the work I analyze the spectrum of typology and the aspect of chronology of the brooches. In some cases I provided a more accurate typological classification of discovery of claps. I have examined the older shape-based classifications of the garment claps fund and the chronological conclusions stemming from older works. The work consists of 5 chapters. It includes indexes, attachments and charts. The first chapter summarizes the character of the work. The second one introduces the structure of the work. The following chapter examines the typological overview of the garment claps fund. The fourth chapter is dedicated to experimental archeology and the effects of different styles of manufacture on the final shape of clothing claps. The last chapter explains the confronting of the results from all chapters with the present status of research of the Roman Empire. The result of my work is a complete typological overview of founded clothing claps from the period of older Roman Empire alongside an interpretation of interregional interactions related to the overview, in contrast with known historical facts.

- by Robert Iván
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- Archaeology of Germanic tribes (Roman period), Brooches, Roman Brooches

The so-called bulls-head brooches are one of the most remarkable results of Roman Period barbarian
art. Until now they were known mostly from the regions of the Western Balts and the neighbouring Wielbark culture in
the North-Eastern part of Central Europe. The interesting question where those brooches were created was discussed
broadly throughout many years. New finds – unfortunately all gathered by illegal metal detecting raids and offered for
sale – shed a new light on the issue. Found at the Ukraine they show that the appearance of bulls-head brooches has to
be seen in a broader, supra-cultural context. All specimen can be dated in a relatively short period of 60 – 70 years in the
time before and after 200 AD. The same applies to so-called duck brooches that were known from a few sites only. All
new-found brooches were offered for sale at East European web sites. In the second part of the paper I discussed the
problem, how archaeology should treat such finds

- by Jan Schuster
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- Ukraine, Brooches, Römische Kaiserzeit, Roman Iron Age

The present paper is concerned with two bow brooches / fibulae discovered through metal detection in the area of today`s settlements Sadu - Tălmaciu - Tălmăcel (Sibiu Conty, Romania). The discovery was made in 2015 and it entered the collections of Brukenthal National Museum under inventory numbers A 11452 and 11453. The exact place of these discoveries is unknown and so remains their context. The first of the two items stands out to the rarity of such examples (Werner I B) known domestically an in all Europe. The second item although only a fragment stands out through the quality of the materials and of the ornamentation. Both brooches can loosely be dated in the period between the middle of the 6th century and the end of the 7th. Due to the rarity of such items in the area of today`s Romania and more particular in Transylvania, we consider both items came from the same archaeological site. There are no other known archaeological materials or sites of that time in the area.

- by Claudia Urduzia and +1
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- History, Medieval History, Early Medieval Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology
- by Vitalie Barca
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- Archaeology, Barbarians, Sarmatians, Nomads

Roman brooches - Dutch River Aera - Civitas Batavorum - Limes

This paper provides a comprehensive descriptive and interpretative account of cruciform brooch iconography based on a new corpus of more than 1,500 cruciform brooches from eastern early Anglo-Saxon England. The sum iconography of cruciform brooches is found to be limited to a very small number of motifs, copied and repeated with varying degrees of abbreviation, elaboration and invention. The iconography is interpreted within its social context as an important part of the mortuary dress of a particular demographic group of elite, older women. The motifs are seen to be indicative of a particular kind of restricted knowledge and hence an important aspect of gendered power relationships in 5th and 6th century Europe.

- by Toby Martin
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- Archaeology, Anglo-Saxon Studies, Early Medieval Archaeology, Gender Archaeology

Although the transition between the Migration Period (ca. AD 400–550) and the following Merovingian Period (ca. AD 550–800) in Norway is characterized by a fundamental shift in material culture, one particular jewelry type survives the radical breach between the two periods: great ornamental bow brooches. These brooches belonged to the upper level of society, the Early Medieval aristocracy. The use of great ornamental brooches can be traced back to around AD 200, and it constituted a tradition that was kept alive until the Viking Age. Why this tradition survived for such a long time, and how it evolved during a period of several hundred years are themes addressed in this paper. The paper focuses mainly on the meaning and significance of the brooch tradition during the transition between the Migration and the Merovingian Periods in Norway, through the use of relief and disc-on-bow brooches.

- by Eduard Droberjar and +1
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- Roman Period, Archaeology of Germanic tribes (Roman period), Roman Provincial Archaeology, Roman Small Finds
- by Jan Schuster
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- Late Roman Archaeology, Migration period, Brooches, Long Distance Relationships

A disszertáció célja, hogy a császárkori „bennszülött” női viseletről egy új összefoglalást nyújtson. A rendelkezésre álló forrásanyag alapján az egyik legkutathatóbb terület Északkelet-Pannonia térsége, ahol a kelta eraviscus törzs lokalizálható. Disszertációmban a „bennszülött” női viseletet a római szokás szerint állított síremlékek ábrázolásai alapján vizsgálom, elemzéseimbe bevonva az ismert tárgyi anyagot is.
A disszertáció első kötete, mely tartalmazza a törzsszöveget szövegközi ábrákkal, az ábrák jegyzékét és az irodalomjegyzéket.

In 2005–2016, a metal detector was used to obtain an assemblage of La Tène metal artefacts in the geomor-phologically defined region of Malá Haná on the border of eastern Bohemia and southwestern Moravia. The artefacts establish that settlement of the area began at the latest in LT B2. Occupying a prominent position among finds of local provenance are artefacts connected to the industrial and trade centre in Němčice nad Hanou. A 'Kronenhalsring' (crown-shaped neck-ring) comes from the environment of the Jastorf culture. A cast bronze fibula and spear butt made according to a Greek model are of southeastern origin.

- by David Vích
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- Celtic Archaeology, Greek Archaeology, Iron Age (Archaeology), Celtic numismatics
- by Jan Schuster
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- Great Migration period, Brooches, Römische Kaiserzeit, Völkerwanderungszeit

Mixed forms of Early Roman Iron Age spring-cover brooches (Almgren group II) and strongly profiled brooches (Almgren group IV) are discussed in terms of typology, chronology and distribution. Brooches of the eastern series of the group II/IV (i.e. mixed forms of Almgren’s types 38/39-40/41 and Almgren’s group IV) defined here appears to be typical of the female costume of East-Przeworsk Zone in phase B2.

Resumen: Se analiza un conjunto de 82 fíbulas procedentes del castro de Las Cogotas (Cardeñosa, Ávila), la mayoría de ellas recuperadas durante las excavaciones de Juan Cabré en los años 30 del s. XX. A partir de su estudio crono-tipológico se determina que la mayoría de ellas pertenecen a los momentos más tardíos de la vida del castro, ca. S. II a.C., a diferencia de las fíbulas de la necrópolis, que se fechan generalmente en un momento anterior. Abstract: A set of 82 fibulae from the castro of Las Cogotas (Cardeñosa, Ávila) is analyzed, most of them from the excavations of Juan Cabré in the 30s of the 20th century. From its chrono-typological study, it is determined that most of them belong to the later stages of the hillfort's use, ca. 2nd century BC, unlike the fibulae from the necropolis, which are usually dated at an earlier time. INTRODUCCIÓN Las fíbulas, debido a su variabilidad, su relativa frecuencia de aparición y la posibilidad de realizar comparaciones crono-tipológicas entre distintos contextos, son uno de los elementos de la cultura material que más información pueden aportar a la construcción del discurso histórico. En el presente trabajo estudiamos el conjunto de fíbulas recuperadas en los distintos trabajos de

Fibula production can be proven in the case of several Pannonian bronze workshops and among these, Brigetio as well. Similar fibula variations from a close territory can refer to the production in a certain area but the archaeological finds which belong to the manufacturing process are more trustworthy evidences. Regarding the fibulae produced in Brigetio, I. Kovrig, E. Patek, É. B. Bónis, K. Szabó, M. Merczi and N. Sey have already published some more or less detailed parts of their research. During a research project, the author reinvestigated several archaeological finds which can be related to the fibula production of Brigetio. The main aim of this paper is the definition of the fibula variants and the examination of their regional distribution. Moreover, the dating of the locally manufactured fibula variants can be helpful to define the production period of the workshops.

- by Csilla Sáró
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- Pannonia, Brooches, Roman Brooches, Fibulae

During the last two centuries BC, iron became the most frequently used metal to produce armaments and tools and various dress accessories on Polish territories. Objects made of bronze are relatively scarce for most of the Late Pre-Roman Period, especially in the Przeworsk Culture, and to a lesser extent in the Oksywie Culture. So far, however, no question has been asked who was the user of bronze ornaments and pieces of clothing discovered in Poland, and why are they so few?

- by Andrzej Maciałowicz
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- Clothing Culture, Iron Age, Przeworsk culture, Brooches