Carbon emission Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Annual and monthly-based emission inventories in northern, central and north-eastern provinces in Thailand, where agriculture and related agro-industries are very intensive, were estimated to evaluate the contribution of agricultural... more

Annual and monthly-based emission inventories in northern, central and north-eastern provinces in Thailand, where agriculture and related agro-industries are very intensive, were estimated to evaluate the contribution of agricultural activity, including crop residue burning, forest fires and related agro-industries on air quality monitored in corresponding provinces. The monthly-based emission inventories of air pollutants, or, particulate matter (PM), NOx and SO2, for various agricultural crops, were estimated based on information on the level of production of typical crops: rice, corn, sugarcane, cassava, soybeans and potatoes using emission factors and other parameters related to country-specific values taking into account crop type and the local residue burning period. The estimated monthly emission inventory was compared with air monitoring data obtained at monitoring stations operated by the Pollution Control Department, Thailand (PCD) for validating the estimated emission inventory. The agro-industry that has the greatest impact on the regions being evaluated, is the sugar processing industry, which uses sugarcane as raw material and its residue as fuel for the boiler. The backward trajectory analysis of the air mass arriving at the PCD station was calculated to confirm this influence. For the provinces being evaluated which are located in the upper northern, lower northern and northeast in Thailand, agri-cultural activities and forest fires were shown to be closely correlated to the ambient PM concentration while their contribution to the production of gaseous pollutants is much less.

This paper examined the impact of financial development on environmental quality in Malaysia, using sum of financial access, depth, and efficiency as auxiliary variables for financial development from 1987 to 2020. Autoregressive... more

This paper examined the impact of financial development on environmental quality in Malaysia, using sum of financial access, depth, and efficiency as auxiliary variables for financial development from 1987 to 2020. Autoregressive distributed lag method was used to examine whether level relationship (long run) existed among the variables. The paper found long run relationships among the variables. Financial development, population growth, economic growth and energy usage positively significantly contribute to environmental degradation in both short and long run while squared economic growth significantly enhanced environmental quality in both short and long run. Hence, Environmental Carbon Kuznets Curve (ECKC) hypothesis holds in Malaysia

This paper is on the push and choice for a greener and environmentally sustainable energy, particularly wind energy. A single wind turbine produces a limited amount of carbon emissions throughout its lifecycle. By taking a broader view,... more

This paper is on the push and choice for a greener and environmentally sustainable energy, particularly wind energy. A single wind turbine produces a limited amount of carbon emissions throughout its lifecycle. By taking a broader view, wind energy farms (or wind farms) have collectively a greater impact upon the environment and economy. Recent research on wind farms tends to focus on energy-generated modelling for the cushioning and mitigation of the climate-change malady, hence to enable accurate prediction of power generation. This paper presents an approach to wind energy, with respect to: (i) carbon emissions and intensity; (ii) potential energy production; (iii) return on economic investment; and (iv) payback-time from an early design perspective. The overall contribution of this work is to develop an approach to enable the selection of "greener" options represented in renewable energy sources, particularly the wind energy, with the focus on economic feasibility assessment and environmental impacts. This study represents, to top-management, industrialists (such as wind-turbines' manufacturers), environmentalists, and engineers, as well as to wind-energy services' providers, research scientists, and policy- and decision-makers, an assessment of the choices and options of wind-energy provision and in investing in its industry and development, as a clean and sustainable technology to generate electric power. In addition, the potential of using wind energy and other kinds of renewable energy sources for electric power generation is investigated in this study, with respect to the Continent of Africa, as a "case study", in terms of opportunities and challenges.

Residential Solar Roof Top PV (RSRTPV) is a nascent technology and though India is a sun kissed land, yet the PV technology has not gained momentum by way of installations of roof tops in the residential sector. The objective of this... more

Residential Solar Roof Top PV (RSRTPV) is a nascent technology and though India is a sun kissed land, yet the PV technology has not gained momentum by way of installations of roof tops in the residential sector. The objective of this study is to get an insight into the purchase behavior of the residential solar roof top adopters in the city of Chennai, South India. The study is based on primary data which was collected using a questionnaire. This RSRTPV adopter centric research of 105 respondents was conducted in the city of Chennai in South India. A structured, undisguised, questionnaire with 46 preselected questions was adopted after pilot testing. The length of the survey questionnaire was kept optimum with close-ended questions based on Likert scale to elicit quick responses, by the sampled adopters. The demographic variables of the respondents indicate the green profile of a PV adopter. The study reveals their domestic consumption details like the nature of RSRTPV system, its size, type of installation, roof top area, type of dwelling and the financial option of the consumers etc. reflecting the characteristic status of RSRTPV installations. The study concludes that consumers' experience, purchase behavior, knowledge of technology, its beneficial effects, accessible information on installations and customized financing options are vital inputs for aggressive market development of RSRTPV. The study also concludes that residential solar roof top segment remains the least developed, with its small transaction size, lower tariff and less third-party ownership. The study identifies the need for consumer awareness to translate into interest in and adoption of RSRTPV. Chennai has 8.69 million population, while it has only 350 MW of roof top solar, which implies that the offtake is poor owing to loans and subsidies, not being nattractive to induce adoption. Research points the need for Kausar Suraiya Quraishi and Dr. Salma Ahmed http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 29 editor@iaeme.com bringing about local laws mandating solar with net/gross metering regulations/relevant tariff rules for uptake of solar installations.

Now, we put out a lot of carbon dioxide every year, over 26 billion tons. For each American, it is about 20 tons. For people in developing countries, it is less than one ton. It is an average of about five tons for everyone on the planet.... more

Now, we put out a lot of carbon dioxide every year, over 26 billion tons. For each American, it is about 20 tons. For people in developing countries, it is less than one ton. It is an average of about five tons for everyone on the planet. Furthermore, somehow, we have to make changes that will bring that down to zero. Bill Gates

Climate change phenomena have now becomethe greatest concern not only of regional boundaries but also at the global level, causing flooding, drought, temperature rise, sea level rise, cold attack, etc. at the same time in different parts... more

Climate change phenomena have now becomethe greatest concern not only of regional boundaries but also at the global level, causing flooding, drought, temperature rise, sea level rise, cold attack, etc. at the same time in different parts of a country; posing every threat to the sustainability of the ecosystem, development, etc. especially in the developing country. The effects of climate change are proving to be disastrous in some part of a country. In-spite of the greater concern and step taken through policies and framework by the global agencies, very little and the developing countries in mitigating the effect of climate change have taken limited actions. This paper discusses the global initiatives undertaken by the global agencies and developed countries across the world and actions initiated at the local level. By analyzing the gap between the initiatives and actions, this paper also tried to put-forth some suggestions to achieve the mitigation target.

Interactive Modeling of Policy Analysis for Change Tools (IMPACT) through behavior change approaches: transforming consensus toward sustainable urban mobility in medium cities, the case study of Indonesia. B. Abstract Urban mobility... more

Interactive Modeling of Policy Analysis for Change Tools (IMPACT) through behavior change approaches: transforming consensus toward sustainable urban mobility in medium cities, the case study of Indonesia. B. Abstract Urban mobility policy can have a diverse social impact on inclusive growth in medium cities. A critical component of sustainable urban transport (SUT) is mainstreaming a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) measures that evaluates not only technical data on transportation system, economic, energy and environmental indicators, but also evidence of social transformation leading specifically to the behavior change and public acceptance. Within the environmental policy context in the field of climate change in emerging economies such as Indonesia, a blend of strategic and programmatic measures were formulated to produce policy outcome which covers: (1) mitigation actions range from reducing air pollution impacts by offsetting carbon emissions (tonnes CO2) validated through Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) mechanism and (2) adaptation measures set to develop population resillience and improve quality of natural ecosystems. Against that backdrop, the objective of IMPACT research is to present identification of the relevant low-to-high carbon policy gaps and assess its intended effects to behavioral changes. The framework builds on key interactions related to behavior change factors such as knowledge, motivation and infrastructure provisioning against the popular approach and intervention of SUT: avoid, shift, and improve. In doing so, this research will incorporate base empirical parameters which generate a database of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) through collection, analysis, comparative modeling of quantitative data set and qualitative survey. Given research locations to selected medium cities (500,000-1,000,000 pop), IMPACT study reviews geospatial business intelligence tools (GBI) which enables derivation of a novel visualization of these parameters via a range of selection criteria, time-series and data features. The GBI, a digital platform, will be developed to accomodate models such as MATSIM, emision/energy use (LEAP/MRV) as well as socioeconomic benefits (typological analysis) to illustrate evident changes against baseline conditions. Furthermore, stakeholders would benefit from spatial, time-series decision-support tools and performance based modelling to explore more policy options which deliver high social impact. C.

The objective of this studywas to obtain atechnical and economic analysis of solar-powered lighting (SPL) implementation at Bali above Seawater Toll-Road. The SPL was designed to operate 12Hours/day with average illumination ≥15-lux.... more

The objective of this studywas to obtain atechnical and economic analysis of solar-powered lighting (SPL) implementation at Bali above Seawater Toll-Road. The SPL was designed to operate 12Hours/day with average illumination ≥15-lux. Those requirements can be met byan SPL unit that consists of 2-pieces 87-W LED lights mounted on 10-m double arms pole with 2.37-m arm length and 15º tilt angle. Each LED light was powered by a 260-Wp solar panel, 24V-180AH battery and 10-A solar charge controller. Every SPL unit should be installed on the toll-road median with 22.5-m pole-spacing and required 361-units to illuminate throughout 8,122.5-m toll-road length. Benefits of SPL implementation wereelectricity saving 256.15MWh/yr and carbon emission reduction 217.98TonesCO2/yr. However, the SPL electrical-based costwas 3.9 times more expensive than conventionalstreet lighting. And based onthe investment feasibility analysis using NPI and PI techniques showed that the SPL implementation was not feasible.

The key to becoming a green low-carbon society consists of cutting back the use of fossil fuels and developing new and renewable sources of energy. This long-term goal should be accompanied by the immediate solutions; some of which, such... more

The key to becoming a green low-carbon society consists of cutting back the use of fossil fuels and developing new and renewable sources of energy. This long-term goal should be accompanied by the immediate solutions; some of which, such as Green IT practices, are already available. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the importance of sustainability and the role of IT (Information Technology) in it by providing specific examples of how to green IT and greening with IT that some of the leading firms and non-profit organizations have already undertaken. The paper also introduces some strategies and initiatives undertaken by international environmental organizations for establishing standards and increasing green IT awareness. Finally, the study suggests some guidelines, for businesses, governments, and individuals, to increase the efforts for Green IT and its awareness.

In recent years, carbon emission reduction has become a widespread issue of global human concern, and the development of a low-carbon economy has become the main goal and direction of the future development of most countries in the world.... more

In recent years, carbon emission reduction has become a widespread issue of global human concern, and the development of a low-carbon economy has become the main goal and direction of the future development of most countries in the world. This study selects the sample stocks of the Shanghai Stock Exchange 180 Carbon Efficiency Index in China and uses the market model in the event research method to test the stock price effect of carbon disclosure. The empirical results show that after the occurrence of a carbon disclosure event, the stock market can quickly respond to the event, and carbon disclosure has a significant positive effect on stock prices. Furthermore, there are significant differences in the impact of high-level and low-level carbon disclosure on stock prices. High-level information disclosure had a significant positive impact on stock prices. In contrast, low-level information disclosure has a continuous negative effect on the overall stock price. In addition, this study chooses to study further the volatility of stock prices based on investor sentiment. The study results show that investor sentiment plays a part of the intermediary role in the impact of carbon disclosure on stock prices.

The “Santa Catarina Rural” is a Program co-funded by The World Bank for improvements on 1300 km of low volume rural roads on Southern Brazil. The pioneer project under the program was on the municipality of Santa Rosa de Lima, where the... more

The “Santa Catarina Rural” is a Program co-funded by The World Bank for improvements on 1300 km of low volume rural roads on Southern Brazil. The pioneer project under the program was on the municipality of Santa Rosa de Lima, where the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from the road improvement activities as well as the regular traffic were assessed on an experimental basis using the CarbonROAD software application. Here, we show details of the CarbonROAD software application and the construction emissions assessment procedure as well as the mitigating effect of the plants used for compensation. It was found that most of the emissions come from the road improvement work. This includes earthworks, fuel for motor graders, bulldozers and other machines, and materials and gravel extraction, industrialization and transportation, etc. Only a smaller portion comprises regular road traffic. The accumulated emission balance shows that the carbon absorption is larger than construction emissions after just 15 months. The potential for price appraisal of the generated carbon credits is explored.

The role of Pre- and Protohistoric anthropogenic land cover changes needs to be quantified i) to establish a baseline for comparison with current human impact on the environment and ii) to separate it from naturally occurring changes in... more

The role of Pre- and Protohistoric anthropogenic land cover changes needs to be quantified i) to establish a baseline for comparison with current human impact on the environment and ii) to separate it from naturally occurring changes in our environment. Results are presented from the simple, adaptation-driven, spatially explicit Global Land Use and technological Evolution Simulator (GLUES) for pre-Bronze age demographic, technological and economic change. Using scaling parameters from the History Database of the Global Environment as well as GLUES-simulated population density and subsistence style, the land requirement for growing crops is estimated. The intrusion of cropland into potentially forested areas is translated into carbon loss due to deforestation with the dynamic global vegetation model VECODE. The land demand in important Prehistoric growth areas - converted from mostly forested areas - led to large-scale regional (country size) deforestation of up to 11% of the potential forest. In total, 29 Gt carbon were lost from global forests between 10 000 BC and 2000 BC and were replaced by crops; this value is consistent with other estimates of Prehistoric deforestation. The generation of realistic (agri-)cultural development trajectories at a regional resolution is a major strength of GLUES. Most of the pre-Bronze age deforestation is simulated in a broad farming belt from Central Europe via India to China. Regional carbon loss is, e.g., 5 Gt in Europe and the Mediterranean, 6 Gt on the Indian subcontinent, 18 Gt in East and Southeast Asia, or 2.3 Gt in subsaharan Africa.