Digestive Tract Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Mucins are a family of heavily glycosylated proteins that are the major organic components of the mucus layer, the protective layer covering the epithelial cells in many human and animal organs, including the entire gastro-intestinal tract. Microbes that can associate with mucins benefit from this interaction since they can get available nutrients, experience physico-chemical protection and adhere, resulting in increased residence time. Mucin-degrading microorganisms, which often are found in consortia, have not been extensively characterized as mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins that are hard to study because of their size, complexity and heterogeneity. The purpose of this review is to discuss how advances in mucus and mucin research, and insight in the microbial ecology promoted our understanding of mucin degradation. Recent insight is presented in mucin structure and organization, the microorganisms known to use mucin as growth substrate, with a specific attention on ...

- by and +2
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- Microbiology, Microbial Ecology, P-glycoprotein, Gut Microbes
- by Zecharia Madar
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- Soybean, Digestive Tract, Trypsin Inhibitor
- by Basilide Tea
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- Surgery, Medicine, Case Report, Humans

To investigate the microbial and nutritional characteristics of dry feed, liquid feed containing fermented liquid cereal grains, and fermented liquid feed, and their effect on gastrointestinal ecology and growth performance, 120 piglets... more

- by Jens Henrik Badsberg
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- Animal Science, Performance, Ecology, Biological Sciences
- by Linn Montgomery and +1
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- Fisheries Science, Microalgae, Fisheries Sciences, Digestive Tract
- by Hanspeter Steinmetz
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- Zoology, Ecological Niche Modeling, Elephants, European

The determination of apparent nutrient digestibility and availability coefficients (ADC and AAC) of ingredients is an important process in the formulation of cost efficient diets for fish. Collection of feces by repeated manual stripping is commonly practiced. However, due to the stress and possible physical damage imposed on fish during repeated stripping, this practice may influence ADC and AAC values. Our study evaluates the effects of repeated stripping three times over a period of five days on the ADCs and AACs of nutrients from hydrolyzed whole poultry egg meal for rainbow trout. We also evaluated the effects of repeated stripping on the stress status (plasma cortisol), innate immune response (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression) and physical damage of the distal section of the digestive tract (histological examination) of rainbow trout (mean weight 308 g). Plasma cortisol levels were significantly elevated at the completion of each stripping event, indicating the ...

- by Gibson Gaylord and +1
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- Zoology, Aquaculture, Gene expression, Cortisol

Earthworm casts, formed when organic substrates and soil minerals pass through the digestive tract, may protect soil organic matter from biological degradation if they persist in the soil. Yet, the stability of casts is affected by their location in the soil profile because surface casts are exposed to more disruptive forces (wetting-drying, freezing-thawing) than subsurface casts. It is not known

- by Joann Whalen
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- Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Soil organic matter, Soil Temperature

Objective: In this study the authors review this subject, and call attention for the late hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, due to the severity and higher risk of mortality and neurological sequelae. Methods: In this article, four cases of children, age raging from 12 to 21 days, with late hemorrhagic disease associated with vitamin K deficiency were reported. Results: All

- by Relato De Caso
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- Case Report, Digestive Tract, Respiratory System, Nervous System
- by Arnoldus Blix and +1
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- Multidisciplinary, Norway, Kidney, Liver
- by Pierre Clément and +1
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- Science Education, Conceptual change, Primary School, Digestive Tract
- by Patrick Pasquet and +1
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- Human Evolution, Feeding behaviour, Nutrient Content, Digestive Tract

"La endoscopia actual es una experiencia incómoda ya que su instrumental es de gran tamaño y magnitud, generando sensación de molestia al paciente durante el manejo que realiza el especialista de los dispositivos que se operan en el proceso. Se diseña un dispositivo a escala, que permita contrarrestar tal efecto mejorando el mecanismo de endoscopia; siendo éste un sistema más efectivo y ágil, comparado con la cápsula endoscópica y el equipo actual, por lo cual incluirá un sistema de toma de biopsias para analizar enfermedades gastroenterológicas o cánceres, con comunicación Bluetooth para la visualización del espacio digestivo en tiempo real"

- by Revista Ingeniería y Ciencia
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- Bioengineering, Robotics, Physics, Medical Sciences
- by L. Abelli
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- Zoology, Biology, Immunohistochemistry, Quantitative analysis
- by Gerassimos Mantzaris
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- Obesity, Helicobacter pylori, Osteoporosis, Humans
- by Amos Tandler and +1
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- Zoology, Aquaculture, Fisheries Sciences, Lipoprotein(a)

Digestive tract morphology and function were studied in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a small (350 g) exudivore with a well-developed caecum. Transit times (times of first appearance of the markers in the faeces following a pulse dose in the food) were similar for Co-EDTA, which marks the fluid phase of the digesta, and Cr-mordanted cell walls, which marked the large (600–1200 μm) particulate phase of the digesta. However, mean retention time (the average time taken for the markers to transverse the whole digestive tract) for Co-EDTA was significantly longer than for Cr-cell walls, indicating selective retention of fluid digesta relative to large particles, probably in the caecum. These data are consistent with a digestive strategy of the common marmoset that appears to be based on rapid digestion of higher quality foods (animal prey, fruits) in the small intestine, followed by microbial fermentation of the complex polysaccharides of plant exudates in the caecum, which would allow for considerable dietary flexibility in its natural habitat of scrub forests.

- by Graeme Crook
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- Female, Animals, Digestion, Male

The diet of the nudibranch mollusc Tritonia odhneri was investigated for the first time based on a detailed anatomical analysis of the gut content of 52 specimens. Digestive tracts of specimens were analysed under stereoscopic microscope equipped with digital camera. Portions of octocorals containing the calcareous sclerites were removed from the tracts and prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sclerite morphology and size were determined at the species and genus level on the basis of a taxonomical revision and compared with fresh octocoral specimens collected from Patagonia (San Jorge Gulf) and with voucher specimens from the collections of Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN-in). Specific predation of T. odhneri on octocoral species present in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean was detected. The nudibranch feeds on the gorgonians Primnoella divaricata, Primnoella scotiae (=P. compressa) and Tripalea clavaria, and the pennatulaceans Renilla octodentata and Stylatula sp. A world checklist of dietary interactions between species of the genus Tritonia and octocorals is presented and discussed.

The effects of reconstitution of sorghums on dry matter, energy, pro tein and amino acid digestibilities, and the nature of protein binding by sorghum tan nins during digestion were investigated. Grains from a high and a low tannin... more

- by Barnabas Mitaru
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- Nutrition and Dietetics, Animal Production, Sorghum, Animal Feed
- by Raj Goyal
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- Physiology, High Pressure, Anatomy, Humans
- by Katja Polman and +1
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- Humans, Schistosomiasis, Female, Animals
- by Eduardo Rocha
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- Cognitive Science, Histology, Immunohistochemistry, Smooth muscle

The feeding guilds of four communities of molluscs living in the intertidal zone of Enseada in Caraguatatuba Bay and Barra Velha and Araçá beaches along the São Sebastião Channel were identified. Three-letter codes were assigned to each feeding guild, identifying the feeding habit, mobility patterns related to feeding, and food-capturing structures. Data were obtained from qualitative analyses of the digestive tract contents and from observations on the feeding behaviour of the gastropod Olivella minuta and the bivalves Tagelus plebeius, Macoma constricta, Tellina lineata, and T. versicolor. These data were complemented by published information on the feeding of congeneric or confamilial species. Six feeding guilds were identified. The SDS (suspension-feeder, discreetly motile, inhalant siphon and ctenidia) and DDS (deposit-feeder, discreetly motile, inhalant siphon and ctenidia) groups were more abundant. Suspension-feeding bivalves showed higher Trophic Importance Index (TI) values in all the study areas. Deposit-feeders showed high TI values only at Barra Velha beach. The species in the SDS feeding guild tended to occur in areas with lower salinity and moderately to well-sorted sediments with very fine sand predominating. The distribution of the feeding guilds correlated best with salinity, particle size distribution, and the contents of silt-clay and organic matter in the sediment.

- by Joseph Tan
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- Zoology, Aquaculture, Fisheries Sciences, Digestive Tract
- by Marta L de Viana
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- Earth Sciences, Arid environments, Seed dormancy, Biological Sciences
- by Sylvia Ortmann
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- Physiology, Zoology, Ruminants, Mammals

Lifesaving treatment in patients with anorexia nervosa and compromised nutritional status is controversial. Enteral nutrition, via a nasogastric tube can be useful in this situation. The digestive tract can be used better than parenteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition can also be used in a situation with moderate malnutrition and stable body weight despite an adequate psychological treatment. In all cases, this treatment should be discussed and accepted with the patient. Polymeric standard solutions can be used, taking care of the level of protein which should not be too high. The start of enteral nutrition is progressive, in order to avoid the risk of Refeeding Syndrome. Vitamins and phosphorus should be added to the enteral nutrition during the first few days. Complications of treatment is not frequent with these patients and are presented. Enteral nutrition should be not too long and should be decreased in the same time that oral nutrition progressively increases. The results of literature show that, enteral nutrition does not deteriorate the psychological state of the patients and is found to be accepted more positively than forced feeding orally in the initial critical phases, and is less dangerous in terms of metabolic tolerance. For these reasons, enteral nutrition should be included in the armament of treatment of anorexia nervosa.

- by Coconut s and +1
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- Anorexia Nervosa, Phosphorus, Nutritional Status, Digestive Tract
- by Gabriel García
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- Catheterization, Head and Neck, Humans, Fasting

... (Photograph by PJM, 9 August 2002.) few days before death can be investigated and the results com-pared with isotopic evidence for diet. Stable isotope measure-ments of collagen extracts from archaeological tissues indicate ...

- by Petra Mudie
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- Parasitology, Ichthyology, Geology, Molecular Biology

Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme that plays a significant role in protection against oxidative stress by detoxification of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A gene coding for a putative catalase was isolated from the disk abalone (Haliotis... more

- by qian james
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- Phylogeny, Humans, Sequence alignment, Gastropoda
- by José Oliveira
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- International organizations, Insecticides, Cell line, Intestinal Mucosa
- by K. Husnu C Baser and +1
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- Animal Production, Antioxidants, Animal Feed, Animals
- by Martin Gotteland
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- Nutrition and Dietetics, Probiotics, Prospective studies, Humans
- by sagiv kolkovski
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- Genetics, Physiology, Zoology, Metabolism

Apigenin, a naturally occurring plant flavone, abundantly present in common fruits and vegetables, is recognized as a bioactive flavonoid shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. Epidemiologic studies suggest that a diet rich in flavones is related to a decreased risk of certain cancers, particularly cancers of the breast, digestive tract, skin, prostate and certain hematological malignancies. It has been suggested that apigenin may be protective in other diseases that are affected by oxidative process, such as cardiovascular and neurological disorders, although more research needs to be conducted in this regard. Human clinical trials examining the effect of supplementation of apigenin on disease prevention have not been conducted, although there is considerable potential for apigenin to be developed as a cancer chemopreventive agent.

- by SANJEEV SHUKLA
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- Clinical Trial, Cancer, Treatment, Cell Cycle

Although many studies have shown beneficial effects of SDD on the incidence of respiratory tract infections, SDD did not become routine practice because mortality reduction was not demonstrated in individual trials, beneficial effects on duration of ventilation, ICU stay or hospital stay were not demonstrated, cost-efficacy had not been demonstrated, and selection of antibiotic resistance was considered a serious side-effect.

- by Jan Kluytmans and +1
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- Nursing, Hospital Infection, Treatment Outcome, England
- by Karen Aulrich
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- Genetics, Animal Welfare, Animal Nutrition, Animal Production
- by Marilyn J Edward
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- Zoology, Aquaculture, Fisheries Sciences, Diet Composition
- by Julio Camargo
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- Ecotoxicology, Risk, Ecology, Public Health
- by Miguel Serrano
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- Animal Production, Maize, Growth performance, Egg Laying
- by Edmond Rock and +1
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- Engineering, Cardiovascular disease, Free Radical, Biological Sciences
- by Vilmos Palya
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- Immune response, Biological Sciences, Animals, Vaccine
- by Olivier Schwartz
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- Immune response, Virology, Dendritic Cells, Dengue Virus
- by Pascual J. Soriano
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- Tropical Ecology, Seed Dispersal, Ecology, Seed germination

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) constitute a heterogeneous group of bacteria that are traditionally used to produce fermented foods. The industrialization of food bio-transformations increased the economical importance of LAB, as they play a crucial role in the development of the organoleptique and hygienic quality of fermented products. Therefore, the reliability of starter strains in terms of quality and functional properties (important for the development of aroma and texture), but also in terms of growth performance and robustness has become essential. These strains should resist to adverse conditions encountered in industrial processes, for example during starter handling and storage (freeze-drying, freezing or spray-drying). The development of new applications such as life vaccines and probiotic foods reinforces the need for robust LAB since they may have to survive in the digestive tract, resist the intestinal flora, maybe colonize the digestive or uro-genital mucosa and express s...

- by Emmanuelle Maguin
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- Genetics, Microbiology, Gene regulation, Medical Microbiology
- by Giovanni Maina and +1
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- Carbon, Archives, Nanoparticles, Drug Delivery System
- by Alexandra Schmidl and +2
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- Earth Sciences, Quaternary Science, History and archaeology, Digestive Tract

The parasitic pancreas is a many-faceted entity, the study of which leads to review many nosologic settings. Internal organ not involved in the cycles of parasitic replication as opposed to what one observes for the liver and the digestive tract, the pancreas can however be concerned by cosmopolitan or exotic various parasites. Parasites as usual hosts of the small intestine

- by Francis Klotz
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- International organizations, Acute Pancreatitis, Oscillations, Chronic Pancreatitis
- by Amira Ainis
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- Archaeology, Geochemistry, Archaeological Science, Native American