Environmental Behaviour Studies Research Papers (original) (raw)

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- Civil Engineering, Psychology, Architecture, Bullying

The purpose of the study is to identify the students' participation motive in outdoor recreation activities at private city campus University at Kuala Lumpur. Demand for outdoor recreation activities among Malaysians is rising but there has been lack of survey being conducted focusing on outdoor recreation for students from the private University especially from the City Campus students. The data was collected from 120 students who are studying at this City Campus. Subjects were randomly selected for the survey which consisted of the students from Faculty of Science and Faculty of Non Science. The questionnaire developed by Shazali & Hanim,(2012) was being used to study the motivation in outdoor recreation activity for Science and Non Science students at University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. The data was analyzed using the non-parametric measure by Mann Whitney U Test. Result indicated that the subject highly agreed that the main motivation for outdoor recreation participation for Private City Campus University in Kuala Lumpur for the Faculty of Science are the Accessibility to the Recreation Area, Healthy and As a Necessities of Life. For the subjects from the Faculty of Non Science, they are looking for New Experience, Enjoy the Nature and Looking for Self Confident. The conclusion is that the value of outdoor natural environment is seen important by the subject and they enjoy participating in outdoor recreation activities in order to enrich the value in the student life for self-development.

- by Wirdati Radzi
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- RECREATION
- by Manal Abou El Ela
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- Civil Engineering, Psychology, Architecture, Bullying

The use of urban nature and its correlation with socioeconomic and cultural conditions of urban dwellers were subject to a multitude of scientific studies in the last years. Nature and green spaces were found important for relaxing, mental restoration, playing sports and physical activities or simply for being outside together with people. Until now, less is known about spatial settings as determinants for green space use in fast growing major agglomerations in the developing world. Comparative case studies from developing countries could help consolidate a general hypothesis that people living in the same spatial setting (e.g. a highly urbanized city) use urban green spaces and prioritize specific green space facilities in a similar way regardless of developed or developing country. This study addresses this hypothesis by using a questionnaire survey for understanding peoples' use of urban green spaces in Karachi, Pakistan and Ho-Chi-Minh City in Vietnam. Questionnaire surveys identified perception of and activities in urban green spaces in both cities. In Ho-Chi-Minh City 118 questionnaires were valid for analysis. In Karachi 315 questionnaires were analyzed. Our study shows that the main reason for visiting green spaces is walking and spending time with friends and family. This is mostly done in larger groups for picnics. We also show that accessibility of green spaces is a clear driver of their use by residents. Additionally, residents highlighted the need for urban green spaces but criticized their design and that green spaces lack of basic facilities such as benches or toilets in both cities. Results, thus, partly verify the initial hypothesis, because some green space activities and expected facilities are similar and some are different in developed compared to developing countries. The differences may result from cultural or religious influences and help to broaden the knowledge base on the use of urban green spaces in fast growing Asian cities.

- by Salman Qureshi
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- Geography, Urban Forestry, Forestry Sciences

Current behaviour research has upgraded behaviour beyond the simplistic stimulus-andreaction relationship. Responsive behaviour is therefore complex. Kenyan correctional facilities are challenged. The study used a combination of environmental behaviour, survey, and case study research design, to probe inmates and the physical facilities of correctional centres. Positive significant association between a poor built environment and anomie was established in this study. A distinct positive and highly significant association was established between the built environment and human behaviour, specifically deviance. The study revealed that, there were high levels of stress (that could trigger deviance) associated with the general prison atmosphere. The public needs to embrace a new type of closed institution, whether known as Community Correctional Centre, Correctional Resource Centre, Regional Correctional Centre, and Halfway centre or by any other benign name.

Urban forest parks provide residents with recreational spaces and interaction with nature. This study aimed to examine the use pattern of an urban forest park in Fuzhou, South China. A total of 249 park visitors were interviewed face-to-face based on a questionnaire, in November 2015 and January 2016. The majority of the respondents visited the urban forest park accompanied by other family members on the weekend and most of them stayed for half a day. The natural/cultural resources and landscape (e.g. air, water, and vegetation) were evaluated as the most satisfying, whereas the facilities (parking lot and transportation to the park) and service (interpretation and crowdedness) as the least satisfying. The factors "income level" and "family structure" significantly influenced respondents' decision to access Fuzhou National Forest Park (FNFP) by car. The clear majority of the respondents stayed for less than 6 h in FNFP, and thus, residents show a high demand for urban green spaces for leisure, in an effort to follow a healthier, less stressful life style, and enhance their living standards. Recreational activities are mostly gentle and passive, whereas active sports and learning activities are still limited. Our data might help to develop effective management plans for improving urban forest parks in China.

- by bixia chen
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- Geography, Forestry, China, Forest

This paper explores the intersection of cinema and architecture to analyse the Filmic House in Hindi film Piya Ka Ghar (Dir. Basu Chatterjee, 1972). It deploys Environment-Behaviour Studies for film interpretation to make readings about the unique habitability and domesticity of chawls, a residential typology evolved in Bombay for communal living in a dense urban situation. The central premise of the film is constructed around the spatial anxieties faced by a young bride having grown up in a spacious village house when she arrives at her new marital home, a single room chawl tenement that is home to five other people besides her husband, and is always overrun by chawl friends. This marital house (or ‘The Home of the Beloved’, of the title) and its extreme utilisation of space is the source of her anxieties and impacts her behaviour. The lived space rendered in the film and its architectural mise-en-scene is found to communicate about the strategies of adaptation and possible reconci...

- by Smita Dalvi
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- History, Architecture, Hindi Cinema, Environmental Behaviour Studies

Tejgaon’s development process was initiated in the 1950s by the Department of Public Works (PWD) as an industrial zone and it was also indicate in the first master plan of Dhaka (1959). In1968, Tejgaon was designed as light industrial area by the Dhaka Improvement Trust (DIT). After Liberation war in 1971 Tejgaon become the most sought after place for industrial activity for not only its being on the outskirts of the than city center but also for the rising demand for the growing population of Dhaka. Several residential areas were developed beyond Tejgaon industrial areas (TIA) resulting in the rapid transformation of land use at this point into a mixed use development changing the physical characteristics of TIA. Responding to this transformation, the Government of Bangladesh has decided to develop Tejgaon industrial area as commercial cum residential hub. At the same time low lying areas i.e. Hatirjheel area on the south of TIA was developed to connect the northern residential are...

- by Sharif Hossain
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- Geography, Landscape Architecture, Urban Studies, Urban Design

Dhaka is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world with a population of 21 million. With the constantly rising inhabitants, this urbanizing hub officially only has 122 public toilets, and in reality, most of them are not functional (Sanyal, November 05, 2016). Different studies also suggested that current situations of the public toilets in the city are unusable and unhygienic. Apart from a few good ones, most toilets have filthy floors, inadequate lighting and ventilation, and unbearable odor of human waste. Although unhygienic open defecation by men is a common scene in the city, for the woman it is not an option. While the city plans to construct a few, there still will be a huge need for public toilets to meet the demand of the vast population. It is critical to realize the challenges existing and evolving from the forbidding public hygiene situation and the lack of proper public infrastructure. Understanding the user group is crucial as modern and costly toilets end up bei...

- by Syeda Faeza Hasan
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- Business, Population, Toilet, Creative Space

There have been acknowledgments of the potential impact of the physical setting on how children behave in several contexts. School as an environment, where children spend most of their time throughout the year, can affect how they behave in certain situations. Bullying has been highlighted as one of the most prevailing problems occurring in schools, which predominantly takes place in school playgrounds. This study aims to identify how the school playground design attributes can influence bullying amongst school students. Towards this objective, the study adopts a qualitative approach undergoing two phases. The first phase is an analysis of the relevant literature to provide an understanding of bullying, and how it occurs in the school playground, as well as the playground design attributes that promote bullying. The second phase is an ethnographic and existential-phenomenological analysis of purpose-designed semi-structured interviews, and field observations carried out in Cairene schools to fully grasp the different bullying patterns associated with playground spaces. These interviews occurred in the spring of 2020 in 4 schools represented by school principals and teachers responsible for playground supervision. Analyses revealed that bullying occurs mostly in school playgrounds. Different themes emerged for how the school playground spaces, their design, and the absence/ presence of certain features contribute to bullying, aggression, and safety features among students. The study concluded that the following factors should be considered while designing a school playground: 1) assessing the principals’ and teachers’ understanding of bullying, 2) evaluating the playground design features, and 3) promoting more active play. The main goal of the research is to contribute to shedding the light on the relationship between school playground design, and how it exacerbates the bullying phenomenon in schools. The limitations included were being banned from any interactions between the researcher and the students and prohibited taking any footage of the playground during recess.

The study aims to measure population satisfaction of their current houses and to identify the constraints and problems faced by families inhabiting in reed houses and their ability to coexist with these problems in their natural environment. The researcher uses the descriptive analytical method, questionnaires and interviews to collect data. Research sample consists of all inhabitants of the Marshes, south of Iraq. One village was chosen. The study concluded that the rate of population satisfaction of their houses is generally high, despite of all design problems and imbalanced life circumstances. It is found that this society is satisfied with its basic needs (physiological), need for safety, represented in a financial income that depends on what they have, seeking to achieve (social needs) through marriage, forming families and living in groups that include all members of the family or tribe. Measuring of life quality parameters in any society should reach 100%. However, sample community achieved 15.5%, meaning that parameters of life quality in this type of urban communities do not exist. The researcher recommends that the competent authorities should focus on urban development of the Marshes depending on what is suitable for local environment and population.

In Arabic cities, diversity can be seen in the development of the same underlying order. This assists to manage to qualify well-defined relationships with various levels of movement in the urban setting. The micro-morphological examination is used to emphasise further the spatial pattern at a micro-level within a macro-scale scope. Hence, micro-level studies are essential in evaluating the built environment with regard to private and public domain. Terminologically, the notion of the symbiosis of how the private and public domains interact with each other is needed. Also, there is a need for people to know their rights when using the street edge and the extent to which they (the owner/user) have the authority to modify the public space. The transition of the urban pattern from the traditional order (spontaneous pattern) to the modern model (pre-planned system) not only changes the spatial morphological structure entities but also transformed the association of the private and public domain.

- by Haider Jasim Essa Al-Saaidy
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- Geography, Arabic, Public Domain, Public Space

All the human activities take place in the built environment and therefore human factors/ergonomics (HFE) is an essential design consideration for the built environment designing process. Surprisingly, there have been limited studies on integrating HFE in the design process as well as in the education of architecture. Teaching HFE in architecture is different from teaching HFE in the disciplines that focuses on precise ergonomic application. Architectural education primarily deals with accommodating human activities in the built environment; and therefore, teaching HFE focuses on anthropometry, space standards, and an in-depth understanding of space requirements for relevant human activities. In architectural education, HFE can be taught as theory courses and/or in the design studio courses. This article focuses on the studio approach with an overview of several studio courses and a meticulous study of a studio course that teaches HFE principles. The study follows desktop research, participant observation, and a questionnaire survey. It is observed that the studio approach provides an opportunity for a deeper understanding of the HFE principles and their application in space design. Specifically, the practice of learning within the studio setup, group work and peer critique, assessment and feedback with critique sessions before the evaluation, etc. have a profound impact on the students to internalize HFE in their thought process. A survey among the students also indicates the effectiveness of the studio approach for learning HFE.

- by Chowdhury Ali Imam
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- Creative Space

A common approach for understanding people's domestic energy behavior is to study the influence of deterministic factors, such as attitudes, norms and knowledge, on behavior. However, few studies have succeeded in fully explaining people's behavior based on these factors alone. To further the understanding of people's everyday energy use, a goal-oriented approach based on activity theory has been applied to discuss energy conservation from a multiple goal perspective based on the findings from an interview study with 42 informants. The findings show that the informants used energy to fulfill goals linked to basic needs or desires related to their well-being. Even though the majority of informants had an explicit goal to reduce their energy consumption, many experienced conflicts with other competing goals, which often made energy conservation undesirable or challenging. The findings suggest that actions to reduce energy use will most often not be prioritized if they cannot be integrated into people's daily life without jeopardizing their possibilities to achieve their primary goals and satisfy their everyday needs. It is thus vital to consider people's everyday life and the many conflicts they experience when aiming to understand why people do, or do not, prioritize energy conservation during everyday activities.

- by Sudipti Biswas
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- Creative Space

Urdu speaking people living in Geneva camp of Dhaka have become a marginally displaced community since 1971. Geneva camp is overcrowded as they have no chance of living outside of the camps because of their statelessness. The camp is a densely-populated settlement and have its own natural physical growth in terms of social and economic transformation day by day. This brings a lot of physical, socio-cultural and economic problems. This study illustrates the housing problems in different domains in the Geneva camp with their attributes. Lack of spaces and other facilities in a low-income settlement have their impact on the way of overall livelihood of the inhabitants. The physical characteristics and other major factors that affect the physical environment of the settlement are discussed in this paper.

Tejgaon's development process was initiated in the 1950s by the Department of Public Works (PWD) as an industrial zone and it was also indicate in the first master plan of Dhaka (1959). In1968, Tejgaon was designed as light industrial area by the Dhaka Improvement Trust (DIT). After Liberation war in 1971 Tejgaon become the most sought after place for industrial activity for not only its being on the outskirts of the than city center but also for the rising demand for the growing population of Dhaka. Several residential areas were developed beyond Tejgaon industrial areas (TIA) resulting in the rapid transformation of land use at this point into a mixed use development changing the physical characteristics of TIA. Responding to this transformation, the Government of Bangladesh has decided to develop Tejgaon industrial area as commercial cum residential hub. At the same time low lying areas i.e. Hatirjheel area on the south of TIA was developed to connect the northern residential areas (beyond TIA) with the older urban core. TIA thus came in between Hatirjheel development and Northern residential areas as such requiring rethinking of the street connectivity in the area. Transformation of TIA and the development of Hatirjheel provides an opportunity to rethink about the connectivity of road network. This study critically reviews the street connectivity between TIA and the adjacent new Hatirjheel development. It is identified that the new Hatirjheel development did not take note of the older TIA road network thus creating problem of urban mobility and integration. This study aims at identifying the street connectivity by quantitative and qualitative method using tools like Depthmapx10 to understand the new dynamics and suggest measures for better urban mobility.

- by Sharif T O U S I F Hossain
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- Urban Studies, Urban Design

Water is an important natural resource which is becoming scarcer day by day. Conservation of water and exploring alternative sources is therefore important in the given context. The present paper addresses the issue of water sensitive development on a regional scale and tries to suggest skeletal guidelines for an action plan to be implemented as a part of national policy. Also the paper aims to look at the entire profile of the rural base and adjoining urban areas along withthe socio-economic characteristics, habitat conditions, settlement pattern, materials and technology incorporated for construction, successful case studies of revival of a few traditional water harvesting systems, the neglect in recent times, water sensitive development of hamlets on a regional scale and the role of architecture and planning in water sensitive development. It also explores the principles and strategies of run -off quality and quantity management along with flood management and integrated design t...

- by Dipanwita Chakravarty
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- Geography, Creative Space

Background: Participation in sports positively related to the usage of sports facilities. Participation in sports becomes an indicator of the active lifestyle of Malaysians. Ministry of Youth and Sports defines sports culture as sports activities, exercise, and active recreational activities which become practices and routine towards an active, energetic, and competitive lifestyle. (IYRES, 2019). Sports facilities are places for sports activities such as stadiums, halls, fields, courts, and support facilities, including the parking area and cafes. The trend in using sports facilities, exercise, and active recreation vary from one another. Sports activities depend much on a sports facility's specific, while exercise and recreation activities don't necessarily need a specific sports facility. Methods: The survey of the Malaysian Sports Culture Index was done in 2019 among 8468 Malaysian from 13 years and above according to gender, age, locality, marital status, and ethnicity. The data collected through the questionnaire developed by the Malaysian Institute for Youth Research (IYRES). Results: Descriptive analysis showed that the overall facility usage is at a low level of 46.9 according to the IYRES (2018) norm. This means efforts are needed to encourage sports facilities to increase the score to a higher level. Further analysis shows that people's main choice for sports activities is multipurpose halls and public facilities 39.3%. Malaysians chose residential areas to exercise (27.9%) and for recreational activities (32.1%). Gender, age, and marital status influence facilities' usage, but locality and ethnicity don't. Conclusion: In conclusion, people who are active in sports need specific sports facilities, while those active in exercise and recreation require only public amenities appropriate to the type of activities carried out around residential areas.

- by shariffah mamat and +1
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Urban green spaces (UGS) denote the chief representative of biodiversity and provider of ecosystem services (especially social and cultural) in urban landscapes. Socioeconomic circumstances of individuals are significantly derived from their psychometric settings-which ultimately affect their preferences in urban landscapes-more so for multicultural and multifaceted social environments. This paper investigates the coupling of distinct socioeconomic (life quality) standards and urban natural spaces (and their content) in the megacity of Karachi, Pakistan. The main research question was how the socioeconomic conditions of the differentiated and multicultural community influence their preferences of urban green spaces. It was tested at three systematically selected research sites of distinct structural and functional characteristics but the results and discussion are presented in an integrative form. The study sites were selected using Karachi's urban-rural gradient to deduce representative samples from different land use and urbanization zones. Public interviews of 340 respondents were conducted with a structured questionnaire. The findings contradict generalizations made in other international studies. Results show that the presumption of tightly coupled social settings and nature space preferences could not be validated empirically for varying types of cities in the world. This is because people perceive their heterogeneous natural and artificial environment differently in different regional Urban Ecosyst

- by CY Jim
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- Geography, Ecology, Urban Ecosystems, Ecological Applications

- by CY Jim
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- Geography, Ecology, Urban Ecosystems, Ecological Applications

Outdoor recreation, and in particular nearby recreation, is of growing importance in urban areas. However, previous research into nearby recreation areas has been subject to several limitations, including being restricted to target area surveys and inadequate explanation of the use of these areas. The present study predicts the degree of use of a nearby outdoor recreation area on the fringe of Zurich by relating use to both the quality of the area, as perceived by the local residents’ (n = 325), and to their general recreational expectations. The perceived quality of the recreation area predicted mainly weekend use. Frequent visitors reported higher expectations than nonvisitors regarding their recreational environment in general, and in particular regarding qualities of stimulation avoidance. It is concluded that maintenance of landscape quality and natural features, as well as providing low-stimulus environments represents the first priority for the management of nearby outdoor re...

- by Matthias Buchecker
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- Outdoor Recreation, Environmental quality, Urban Area

People from different cultural background show different motives for taking part in sports. Since lack of research in this area, there is still uncertainty on motives of different cultural groups in Malaysia. Malaysia consists of many ethnic groups with different cultural backgrounds, namely Malays, Chinese and Indians, maintain separate cultural identities. Knowing motives of different ethnics for participating in sports will help sports psychologists and sport industries to develop an appropriate sports environment for that ethnics. The present research will evaluate the motives that encourage different background ethnics to participate in sports, in order to develop sport environment according to each ethnic needs. The sample consisted of 231 athletes, with Malay ethnic athletes (N=101), Chinese ethnic athletes (N=73) and Indian ethnic athletes (N=57). A 30-item questionnaire called "Motives of Taking Part in Sport" was used. Six factors were derived from the questionnaire. They are socialization, high status career, green space area, music, body shape and challenges. The result showed that Malay ethnic group taking part in sport for green space environment, Chinese for body shape, while Indians for socialization. The findings of this study will be beneficial to government officials, private sectors, sports psychologists and sport industries in Malaysia in conducting sports centers, products or services to encourage different ethnics in Malaysia to take part in sports.

- by vincent parnabas
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- Ethnic, Universal Psychology

This paper explores how the design of domestic appliances influences people's energy use during everyday activities. Drawing on findings from an interview study with 81 informants, a variety of design characteristics were uncovered, which set preconditions for use that in different ways impede or support energy conservation. The identified characteristics concerned not only appliances' operative functions but also their interactive and communicative functions as well as people's underlying motives for using specific appliances. Addressing the full range of characteristics during the development of new appliances will highlight a variety of design opportunities 44 A. Selvefors et al. and increase the possibilities for developing appliances that support people to go about their everyday activities in less energy-reliant ways.

- by Anneli Selvefors
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Studying on people usage of urban parks indicates that although people pay a lot of attention to the urban parks and talk about different advantages of it, some of the barriers with a different view among people cause negative attitudes which lead people not to use parks. The purpose of this study first is to recognize and classify the residents' points of view and their images about inhibiting factors of visiting to the parks and then surveying the difference of these factors in various groups of users. In this study a survey was conducted among 300 visitors randomly selected from visitors of two urban parks in the city of Gorgan in Iran, regardless of their social extraction or professional background. Visitors respond to a questionnaire about use rating and inhibiting factors on the use of urban parks. Factor analyses revealed four clearly distinguishable factors (quality, safety, accessibility and personal problems). Three first factors (quality, safety and access) had more than 55 percent of all of the answers which show the highest and most important inhibiting factors. Quality, safety and accessibility were known as the most important factors. The results showed that there is no significant difference between the four factors in the user groups. Understanding and finding these inhibiting factors will help the urban managers, policy makers through recognizing and classifying these factors step by step start to solve them.

- by mahdieh pazhouhanfar
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- by vatrika singh
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- Creative Space

High rise apartment blocks are the appropriate solution found in many countries in the world to solve the problem of lack of residential space, after the large increase in the population on earth. After the fall of the Baath party in 2003, a large number of high rise apartments were also built in Northern Iraq. The main objective of this research is to examine the user's satisfaction in housing settlements via POE (Post Occupation Evaluation) approach in Northern Iraq/Erbil. For this study, the New Eskan housing settlement in Erbil was selected as a case study. The primary source of data for this study was collected through a questionnaire. Fifty residents of New Eskan volunteered for the questionnaire survey; they were asked about their needs and problems, and the data collected were statistically analyzed. The questionnaire is structured on the physical, spatial, and functional properties of the building system. According to the participants' answers, some problems were also identified as environmentally, socially, and economically. Indoor and outdoor space standards were evaluated. As a result of this study, "safety and security" has been found to be the main reason for life preference in the gated community of New Eskan settlement. In addition, the users identified a lack of sufficient green areas and common areas as the main deficiency. Respondents' satisfaction on physical, spatial, and functional features of flats and near environment showed variations depending on the flats' orientation and respondents' education level. Short term, medium-term, and long term recommendations for better living in New Eskan settlement have been put forward.

- by Kozan Uzunoglu
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- by Trupti Kamat
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- Creative Space

- by Sandeep Sabharwal
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- Creative Space

The understanding of cross-cultural upon park usage is vital to be enhanced among public since findings that been discovered in the Western context are not own any similarities with the Asian context. In fact, it has been in a long run for the Western nations to primarily contextualized and conceptualized much on the literature of park usage. This study aims to look at how the people use and perceive urban parks in their daily life in the Malaysian cultural context, and also highlights the constraints faced by Malaysians while using the urban parks in the city of Kuala Lumpur. A survey consisted of 669 urban park users as the sample of the study (365 men, 304 females) aged between 18 and 73 years (M = 34.85, SD = 11.46) were conducted in five urban parks in Kuala Lumpur. Respondents were recruited based on a random sampling method, which composed of three main ethnic groups in Malaysia. Malaysians wanted to use the urban parks for multiple purposes including active activities and others. Most of them would visit the parks and spend their time in a group consisting of family members or friends rather than alone. The percentage of respondent with 74.7% stated their reason of visiting the urban park in order "to get fresh air", followed by the factor of reducing stress and relaxing with 69.7%; and the latter reason would be "to exercise, play games or keep in shape" with 61.4%. More than 80% of the respondents claimed the parks in Kuala Lumpur are safe to be visited. This is because, majority of the respondents tend to visit the parks in group of family or friends rather than alone. In addition, most of the respondents would run their activities in parks during the weekends, which simultaneously make them to enjoy their day in such comfortable and secure way. The findings of this survey would contribute to a better understanding of the present park usage of Kuala Lumpur residents. With a better understanding of current park-visiting habits, various constraints faced by the residents related to public security and safety, the Kuala Lumpur City Hall have been suggested to develop more comprehensive strategy in order to provide engagement and urban parks stimulation for its residents. In addition, this study is also fruitful for Kuala Lumpur future parks in terms of its development, design and management.

One of the notable advancements of late 19th-early 20th century British India was the introduction of ‘western-style’ medical care for women. Located within confines of the colonial or princely enclaves, a number of women’s hospitals, staffed with trained British female doctors, were established under the Dufferin Fund. But the benefits of medicalised childbirth did not extend to commonplace Indian women. At this point of time, history was also made by certain philanthropic and nationalist individuals who made some pioneering efforts to extend benefits of medicalised childbirth to the vast neglected body of commonplace Indian women.The 48-bedded Banarsi Dass Hospital for Women, built in 1922 within the dense urban fabric of Ambala Cantonment, is one of the earliest of such pioneering structures. The architectural value of the building as seen in its ingenious spatial organization was devised to ensure generous access to sun and air, ensured thermal comfort in all seasons, a construc...

- by Sunanda Kapoor
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- Creative Space

During the Colonial period, Bangladesh with a rich cultural heritage and cultural identity is vividly conveyed and navigated as an image of power, pride and creativity. For this research study, the authors carefully chosen a unique ancient building named “Kashinath Bhaban” of Panam Nagar. Panam Nagar is an old settlement as a part of Sonargaon area of Bangladesh. This edifice abides the evidence to the style and design of Colonial architecture in Bengal. It is absolute that the whole Panam city including the building Kashinath Bhaban play an important role to represent our cultural heritage or our glorious past. Therefore an urban conservation of Panam Nagar is needed. This study concentrates on the proposal for the architectural conservation of the building Kashinath Bhaban of Panam which have precious and research worthy documentation or information. The overall research study conducted here is focused on the demonstration of the possible directions of architectural conservation w...

- by Shirajom Monira Khondker
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- Creative Space

This paper explores the intersection of cinema and architecture to analyse the Filmic House in Hindi film Piya Ka Ghar (Dir. Basu Chatterjee, 1972). It deploys Environment-Behaviour Studies for film interpretation to make readings about the unique habitability and domesticity of chawls, a residential typology evolved in Bombay for communal living in a dense urban situation. The central premise of the film is constructed around the spatial anxieties faced by a young bride having grown up in a spacious village house when she arrives at her new marital home, a single room chawl tenement that is home to five other people besides her husband, and is always overrun by chawl friends. This marital house (or 'The Home of the Beloved', of the title) and its extreme utilisation of space is the source of her anxieties and impacts her behaviour. The lived space rendered in the film and its architectural mise-en-scene is found to communicate about the strategies of adaptation and possible reconciliation to a life in chawl. It also communicates nuanced meanings about the generally understood notions of domesticity such as home as a private and inner domain vis-à-vis the world outside by showing their fluidity in the context of chawl living.

- by Smita Dalvi
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- Hindi Cinema, Environmental Behaviour Studies
- by Tarek Fouani
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- Public spaces, Urban Spaces, Environmental Behaviour Studies, Social Spaces

This book is a printed dissertation. It is studying al-fina along the streets. It shows that our cities and buildings need to change the common method of identifying the spaces as indoor and outdoor spaces. The study shows that there is a third space which can be called the in-between space. This space is a link between indoor and outdoor, it transfers the functions between the two spaces. The study has analyzed and described the existing, character, organization, design, and role of this identical area in different cities by using a historical method. The target of this method was to show how these issues related to the in-between spaces have been changed gradually from old cities to the present time. The finding of this study which is in-between space as an identical space can help urban designers and architects along with large consequences about human behavior, social life, organization, and regulation of this space. The study ends with several questions that require further research.

A B S T R A C T Urban park managers in densely-populated metropolises such as Hong Kong have to cope with dynamic user expectations, the impacts of recreation, and the shortage of resources over time, and the goal to improve park management strategies is ongoing. Indicators are potentially effective yardsticks for measuring park conditions and explaining the implications of various conditions on sustainable park management. This study solicits an indicator set through a two-tiered process of indicator selection, screening and rating, and a tripartite engagement by 20 park managers, 9 local scholars, and 743 park users in Hong Kong. The findings from the user-perceived level of importance of each indicator suggest that users pay close attention to landscaping, and that users consider the environmental quality of parks to be important management aspects. User-associated components of urban park management are identified, which reveal gradual changes in park features over the years.

- by Chung Shing Chan
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- Urban Parks, Parks and Recreation Management

Achieving environmental conservation and socioeconomic development is a challenging endeavor, particularly when we do not have the necessary tools to develop a clear understanding of the dynamic relationship between indigenous communities and biodiversity in tropical forests. Theories and models oftentimes fail to provide guidance about how to integrate general principles with the specific circumstances of indigenous groups, leaving an operational gap between theory and practice. This book addresses that gap, providing elements that are crucial to understanding indigenous environmental behavior, particularly in contexts characterized by rapid cultural change and greater diversification of livelihoods. The flexible analytical framework presented in this book will enable readers to develop a solid understanding of the relationship between indigenous peoples and tropical biodiversity, the basis for the design and implementation of socially and environmentally sustainable conservation strategies.

Based on Edward Hall's theory of proxemics, this study delves into the inter-disciplinary sciences that link architecture with human psychology and urban design to look at how human behaviour, spatial configurations and prevalent urban condition of crowding affect each other. Recognizing the western base of the literature in hand, the present study appropriates Hall's theory to suit the present day context of Delhi. Taking transit systems of Delhi as a case in point to investigate how people respond to crowding and how crowds hold the potential to be a bane or a boon for the city, the study brings forward certain aspects of design often overlooked while designing urban public spaces. Furthermore, it challenges certain notions that have so far been considered prime for the design of public spaces and adds a new dimension to them.

- by Nishita Mohta and +1
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- Architecture, Proxemics, Urban Design, Crowding

A B S T R A C T The understanding of cross-cultural upon park usage is vital to be enhanced among public since findings that been discovered in the Western context are not own any similarities with the Asian context. In fact, it has been in a long run for the Western nations to primarily contextualized and conceptualized much on the literature of park usage. This study aims to look at how the people use and perceive urban parks in their daily life in the Malaysian cultural context, and also highlights the constraints faced by Malaysians while using the urban parks in the city of Kuala Lumpur. A survey consisted of 669 urban park users as the sample of the study (365 men, 304 females) aged between 18 and 73 years (M = 34.85, SD = 11.46) were conducted in five urban parks in Kuala Lumpur. Respondents were recruited based on a random sampling method, which composed of three main ethnic groups in Malaysia. Malaysians wanted to use the urban parks for multiple purposes including active activities and others. Most of them would visit the parks and spend their time in a group consisting of family members or friends rather than alone. The percentage of respondent with 74.7% stated their reason of visiting the urban park in order " to get fresh air " , followed by the factor of reducing stress and relaxing with 69.7%; and the latter reason would be " to exercise, play games or keep in shape " with 61.4%. More than 80% of the respondents claimed the parks in Kuala Lumpur are safe to be visited. This is because, majority of the respondents tend to visit the parks in group of family or friends rather than alone. In addition, most of the respondents would run their activities in parks during the weekends, which simultaneously make them to enjoy their day in such comfortable and secure way. The findings of this survey would contribute to a better understanding of the present park usage of Kuala Lumpur residents. With a better understanding of current park-visiting habits, various constraints faced by the residents related to public security and safety, the Kuala Lumpur City Hall have been suggested to develop more comprehensive strategy in order to provide engagement and urban parks stimulation for its residents. In addition, this study is also fruitful for Kuala Lumpur future parks in terms of its development, design and management.

This study investigates the push and pull factor in determining the feeling of satisfactions of urban park visitors. As the results, the factors that influenced and pushed the visitors to visit the park are associated with the natural elements that appear as beautiful, cooling, well maintained and organized which also include their enormous appreciation towards animals. Beside the physical characteristics, values and benefits of the areas are also associated with their feeling of satisfaction. Sceneries appeared as unsafe and not well maintained such as lawn, groundcovers, shrubs and garden path giving a pulling impact and less satisfied by the visitors.

- by Noriah Othman
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- Push and Pull Factors

Growing populations and rapid worldwide urbanization are recognized as constituting one of the most complex processes in the world and have raised concerns about the sustainability of cities. Sustainable development, a widely accepted strategic framework in city planning, singles out urban green spaces as a primary solution for addressing these issues. Growing empirical evidences indicate that the presence of natural areas contributes to a better quality of life in many ways. Urban green spaces serve as places of identity, memory, and belonging; enrich human life with meaning and emotions by providing important social and psychological benefits; and enhance the quality of life of citizens, which is a key component of sustainability. Despite our understanding of the benefits of urban green spaces, little is known about the benefits of historical urban green spaces. To highlight their importance with regard to environmental sustainability and citizens' well-being, this study analyzes a number of historical Persian gardens that are still actively used by urban residents. The findings suggest that historical Persian gardens could accommodate many social functions and address many of the psychological issues relating to urban dwelling. It has been generally acknowledged that sense of community and place attachment is pivotal to creating sustainable urban environments. Historical gardens as physical components can

- by Dr Raheleh Rostami
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- Sustainability

The topic of Environment Behavior Research broadly deals with closely examining the relation between human beings and their surroundings. In architecture it relates more to how people behave in an environment; how they react to / in... more

In Bahrain as everywhere else, there is a widespread perception against the increasing tendencies towards creating high rise housing. This paper highlights various architectural attributes which influence such perceptions in Bahrain and proposes improvements to make them more acceptable. There are three main objectives of this research. Firstly, it is to study how different groups of people in Bahrain perceive vertical housing differently. Secondly, it is to determine the preferences and grievances of people with regard to high rise dwelling. Finally, it is to find ways to design better vertical housing systems based on perceptions within the community itself. The research presents outcomes of interviews with people, aimed at finding out people’s perceptions, preferences, grievances and expectations of high rise dwelling. Through this research, it has been found that, although most people living in apartments, complain of privacy issues and lack of space, they find vertical housing to be more convenient and affordable. Moreover, the younger generations are found to be more accepting of the idea of vertical housing in Bahrain.

- by K. C. Sabreena Basheer
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- Architecture, Environment Behaviour Studies, Housing, Architectural Theory

- by K. C. Sabreena Basheer
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- Architecture, Environment Behaviour Studies, Housing, Architectural Theory

A common approach for understanding people’s domestic energy behavior is to study the influence of deterministic factors, such as attitudes, norms and knowledge, on behavior. However, few studies have succeeded in fully explaining people’s behavior based on these factors alone. To further the understanding of people’s everyday energy use, a goal-oriented approach based on activity theory has been applied to discuss energy conservation from a multiple goal perspective based on the findings from an interview study with 42 informants. The findings show that the informants used energy to fulfill goals linked to basic needs or desires related to their well-being. Even though the majority of informants had an explicit goal to reduce their energy consumption, many experienced conflicts with other competing goals, which often made energy conservation undesirable or challenging. The findings suggest that actions to reduce energy use will most often not be prioritized if they cannot be integrated into people’s daily life without jeopardizing their possibilities to achieve their primary goals and satisfy their everyday needs. It is thus vital to consider people’s everyday life and the many conflicts they experience when aiming to understand why people do, or do not, prioritize energy conservation during everyday activities.

- by Anneli Selvefors and +2
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- Energy Conservation, Energy Consumption, Design For Sustainable Behaviour, Energy use patterns

This thesis submitted to Victoria University of wellington and will be available form its website soon.