Public spaces Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Policy debates have focused on who can participate in or access single-sex activities or services. This article describes how science of the biology of sex is relevant to three major policy areas: parenting (including leaves), sports, and public spaces. We focus on what scientists know about sex and gender (and gender/sex, where gender and sex are intertwined), and the role of various biological factors, including hormones such as testosterone and estradiol as well as genetics, gonads, genitals, and more. The policies under debate often use “biological sex,” but this fails to account for scientific understandings of sex and gender, misrepresents sex as single-faceted and binary, and overlooks scientific consensus about the importance of gender and identity.

- by and +4
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- Sex and Gender, Sexual and Reproductive Health, Transgender Studies, Reproduction

The liveability of a city like Rome is endangered by vehicular traffic and, as consequence, urban spaces are generally not accessible to all users; this is a problem that is particularly felt in residential districts. The Department of Architecture of Roma Tre University has recently moved to Testaccio, a historical, famous, working class district of the city, where Piattaforma Testaccio, an association of dwellers, is very active. A collaboration started between this association and University, with the aim to improve the urban environment where dwellers, teachers and students spend their everyday life. A study, involving academic staff and students of the course "City and Environment" together with some members of the association, was run with the aim of solving one of the most important problems highlighted by the association: the accessibility of public spaces. To this aim, it was used a prescriptive tool: "the Environmental Island" that can be applied in are...

- by Cecilia De Marinis
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- Accessibility, Public Health, Public Space, Public spaces

This study examines Cairo's Nile Bridges and Maidan Tahrir as examples of key urban public arenas and critical spaces where chaos crystalized in the context of Arab and Egyptian Revolution of January 2011. It adopts the concept of «creative urban chaos» rather than the conflicting political ideas associated with «urban chaos». The author suggests that this concept reflects a battle waged between hegemonic classes wielding control over the city's spaces, and marginalized classes excluded from public space, in their struggle to regain access to these spaces, as well as fighting to improve their deteriorating economic and social situation.

- by Ali A. Alraouf
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- Social movements and revolution, Public spaces, Arab Spring (Arab Revolts), Cairo

Streszczenie: Chodzenie, siadanie, przebywanie. Utarło się przekonanie, że aby móc bywać w przestrzeni publicznej, trzeba w niej ograniczyć ruch kołowy, w mieście powstaje coraz więcej ciągów pieszych. Nie idzie to jednak w parze z tworzeniem ogólnodostępnych miejsc do odpoczynku, ustawianiem ławek, kreowaniem przyjaznych przestrzeni do nawiązywania relacji społecznych i międzyludzkich. Tekst rozważa teorię wpływu przestrzeni na zachowania ludzi. Udowadnia że im więcej pro-społecznych siedzisk na deptakach tym więcej ludzi generujących zwiększenie potencjału nabywczego przechodniów. Warunkiem siadania nie jest wyłącznie duży tranzyt, ale przede wszystkim zatrzymanie ludzi w przestrzeni. Na licznych przykładach opisuje miejsca do-społeczne i od-społeczne, tłumaczy i wyjaśnia zasady ich działania w odniesieniu do przebywania w przestrzeni publicznej miasta. Przestrzeń publiczna miasta, wymieniona w tytule, definiowana jest rozmaicie. W projektowej codzienności architektonicznej jest terminem, którego definicja, zawarta w ustawie 2 , zestawia przestrzeń z pojęciem obszaru: Obszar o szczególnym znaczeniu dla zaspokojenia potrzeb mieszkańców, poprawy jakości ich życia i sprzyjający nawiązywaniu kontaktów społecznych ze względu na jego położenie oraz cechy funkcjonalno-przestrzenne, określony w studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego gminy. Przestrzeń publiczna jest dialektyczna i działa jak sztuka, generuje pozytywne lub negatywne emocje, rodzi się z zacnych lub niecnych potrzeb, kreuje formy i antyformy. Rodzi się z ambiwalencji i sama taka jest. Jedną z ambiwalentnie ocenianych potrzeb mieszkańców 3 jest siadanie-główny przedmiot niniejszego tekstu. Można zignorować tę czynność, nie starać się zwiększać szans społecznych i 1 eMSA Inicjatywa Edukacyjna. 2 Ustawa z dnia 27 marca 2003 r. o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym 3 To wynik własnych badań terenowych prowadzonych od 2009 roku. Partnerstwo Lokalne 8 SCEN zrealizowało w 2010 roku badania socjologiczne na terenie trzech wrocławskich osiedli. Wskazują one, że brak ławek jest dla mieszkańców ważnym problemem; URL: https://sites.google.com/site/emsasobotka/partnerstwo-8-scen/ankietyidiagnoza. Podobne badania zrealizował magistrat Olsztyna, w efekcie zwiększa się tam liczbę ławek, URL: http://www.konsultacje.olsztyn.eu

- by Anna Maria Ruminska
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- Anthropology, Urban Studies, Urbanism, Urban Sociology

Although planned as the " City of Tomorrow " , the Bijlmer district in Amsterdam quickly became the quintessential symbol of urban decline. Today, even with half of the planned renewal of the Bijlmer completed, the alleged success of this urban revitalisation programme is questionable. Parts of the black middle class did not move out and some are even returning to the Bijlmer; the combination is producing a type of " black gentrification " , which forces the " undesirables " like drug users, homeless people and undocumented immigrants to leave. This revanchist renewal not only benefits the middle and lower-class population of the district, but it also serves the interests of private developers. European revanchism makes the city safe for corporate investment and aims to restore social order as well as stimulating the development of a strong middle class. This paper demonstrates how hard revanchist policies are demanded not only by private developers but also by the middle and lower classes, and they exist alongside soft " caring " policies, even for the " undesirables " .
Keywords: revanchism, urban revitalisation, gentrification, Amsterdam, black middle class, homeless people, modernist urban planning, undesirables, drug use, public space, high-rise flats

In the developed world, there are numerous guidelines for streetscape design; i.e. rigid pre-set menus of cross-sections for streets with pre-defined functional classifications and technical specifications. The guides may not only vary from country to country, but also from city to city, depending on variable local conditions and demands. Thus, the available guidelines in the developed urban areas may not be a proper tool for the streetscape design in some old cities in developing countries that are densely-populated and their streets are highly congested. In this paper, a successive flexible process is developed that can be applied as a tool for the design or reclaiming of a streetscape in an existing built area. It is established on the basis of the formulation of different street design alternatives, each of which identifies the right-of-way and includes the needed width of the different design elements. The selection of the preferred alternative is provided through the trade-off...

- by Sara Hassan
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- Developing Countries, Urban Design, Public spaces, Streets

This paper aims to achieve more clarity about the use of urban spaces. This happens by analyzing people’s activities within the plazas
based on the social media. Social media has been a subject of many
controversial disputes, due to its negative impact on people’s mental health, however this dissertation focuses on its positives. Social
media is a very useful tool for understanding people’s perception of
urban spaces and the generated data is beneficial for urban planners.
The analysis is based on the social media Instagram and while the
plazas are located in four Spanish cities, however the same method
could be applied everywhere.

- by Kristina Yorgova
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- Architecture, Urban Planning, Urbanism, Urban And Regional Planning

En hommage aux femmes déguisées en hommes pour accéder à la parole sur la place publique, sur les lieux où les « halqa» sont l’unique apanage des hommes En hommage, aussi, aux hommes déguisés en femmes pour remplacer les femmes... more

En hommage aux femmes déguisées en hommes pour accéder à la parole sur la place publique, sur les lieux où les « halqa» sont l’unique apanage des hommes
En hommage, aussi, aux hommes déguisés en femmes pour remplacer les femmes absentes(ifiées) de l’espace publique des « halqa »
FATIMA- ZAHRA SALIH

Actualmente, las actuaciones urbanas en los espacios públicos de los centros históricos se constituyen en agentes de conflicto social y patrimonial. A nivel general en los ámbitos urbanos patrimoniales, se vive una dualidad en la forma de actuación, una tiende, principalmente a modificaciones físicas y la otra busca la intervención integral, mediante el uso de recursos tecnológicos y conceptuales, los cuales crean las llamadas nuevas oportunidades para el espacio público.

- by Juan Carlos Ramos Cortez
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- Art History, Public spaces, Architecture and Public Spaces

Greenery areas represent an organic component of the rural space. For urban needs we base on the survey of their condition. Within the revitalisation of public green spaces in central parts of these communities we work on their qualitative conversion to an attractive public space using principles of contemporary trends in rural space design. The main attributes of the proposals are: return to the traditions, application of domestic tree species and stands, use of natural materials as well as characteristic rural compositional principles. Our activities herewith provide for rural municipalities´ governments some concrete proposals to improve the quality of local peoples´ lives by tools of landscape architecture.

- by Attila Tóth
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- Rural Sociology, Landscape Architecture, Rural Development, Village Studies
- by Pedro Serrano Gomes
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- Urban Planning, Urban Studies, Urbanism, Public Space

This paper intends to present a general overview of the situation of the Romanian Roma Population in Barcelona Metropolitan Area and briefly describe and analyse the ways in which their presence is being managed. Methodology used range from media analysis to ethnographic fieldwork. First, I will offer some references as well as a general background of the presence and
migratory process of the Romanian Roma population in Spain and Barcelona. Next, I will focus on the local construction of the ‘Roma Issue’, briefly using three different and interrelated examples: public space regulation and marginal economic strategies; settlement policies and the idea of nomadism-mobility; and finally political construction and culturalization of concrete neighbourhood conflicts. Finally, I intend to offer some conclusions as well as some reflections about the possible evolution of these processes both at a local and state level.

- by Óscar López Catalán
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- Mobility, Public spaces, Roma Migrants
- by Peter Bengtsen
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- Critical Theory, History, Cultural History, Sociology

En el Archivo Histórico de la Universidad de las Islas Baleares (AHUIB) se conservan los fondos de las antiguas Escuelas Normales de Baleares. En una de estas series documentales, se encuentra un acervo que contiene las memorias que entregaban los alumnos de magisterio una vez habían realizado las pertinentes prácticas pedagógicas – las cuales eran requisito indispensable para la obtención del título de maestro de primera enseñanza –. El conjunto documental que se ha conservado hasta nuestros días, contiene memorias de prácticas realizadas entre 1914 y 1959. No obstante, para la presente comunicación nos centraremos en las que se llevaron a cabo entre 1939 y 1948. En estas memorias, además de encontrar reflejada la labor pedagógica desarrollada por los normalistas, vemos detalladas las principales características de los edificios y espacios que acogieron las escuelas nacionales de Baleares durante los años de postguerra. De hecho, en la mayoría de estos testimonios encontramos referencias sobre como eran estos espacios, relatándose para tal efecto las principales características y elementos que los conformaban (mobiliario, materiales de enseñanza, decoración y simbología, etc.). Por otra parte, destacar que en el presente ejercicio además de detallar como eran los espacios y edificios, también queremos poner en valor la importancia de este tipo de fuentes para la reconstrucción de la historia de la escuela – como son las memorias de prácticas –, ya que para su análisis y interpretación, son esenciales sin lugar a dudas las «voces» de aquellos que fueron partícipes de una determinada realidad educativa.

- by Lluís Frago Clols
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- Urban Politics, Resilience, Services Marketing and Management, Consumption

Report from a collaborative research project between the Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS, Canada), the Institute of Sociology of the Vietnamese Academy of Social Sciences (IoS-VASS, Vietnam), and HealthBridge (Vietnam... more

- by Laurence Charton
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- Vietnam, Canada, Public spaces, Hanoi

A pesar de que España es, por delante de cualquiera otro de la OCDE, el país de los peatones, no se suele valorar bien el potencial del desplazamiento a pie ni su papel en la regeneración urbana. Además, se conocen poco las medidas a tomar para favorecerlo, más allá de ciertos lugares comunes como las peatonalizaciones o el templado de tráfico. Por ello, la idea de una " red de itinerarios peatonales principales " que conecte toda la ciudad y ofrezca a los barrios la misma calidad de diseño urbano que la de los centros históricos, aparece como una de las de mayor potencial. La propuesta del Plan Director para la Recuperación de los 17 kilómetros de bulevares de Madrid (desde la calle María de Molina a la ronda de Atocha, pasando por la calle Príncipe de Vergara o la calle Sagasta) y su extensión al resto de la almendra central, a pesar de no haberse materializado todavía, ilustra bien esta herramienta de promoción peatonal y de transformación urbana. El presente artículo describe la propuesta del Plan, el método utilizado para elegir sus elementos priorizando las necesidades del peatón, su configuración y cualidades a partir de diversos tipos de calle (bulevares, avenidas, aceras anchas, calles peatonales, etc.), así como sus beneficios. Todo ello, a partir de la actualización y el desarrollo de la idea de Nuevo Bulevar: una calle verde de gran calidad ambiental, con un nuevo equilibrio en el reparto de su sección a favor de los modos no motorizados y en la que, ante todo, la calle deja de ser sólo vía y se vuelve lugar.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

- by Saadet Aytıs
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- Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning, Urban And Regional Planning

Chapter 3 presents empirically informed analyses of a number of new public
space projects initiated first as counter-projects and counter-spaces
by a variety of community and historic preservation society interests.
It demonstrates further that, Vancouver City Council (VCC) proved
receptive to the counter-projects and provided an overarching strategic
spatial framework within which the projects on the ground were
devised and implemented. This chapter also introduces the importance
of the social animation of public space, whether through politicised
collective action or ludic enjoyment. Changing representations of space
through time are shown to have implications for spatial practice on the ground, based on differences in the way social behaviour in public
space is understood and interpreted.

- by Michael Edema Leary-Owhin
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- History, Cultural History, Urban Geography, Archival Studies
- by Priscilla Connolly
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- Human Geography, Latin American Studies, Urban Planning, Urban Studies
- by Léo-Paul Tison
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- Geography, Public Space, Public spaces, Bench

Tese de Doutorado - PROURB-FAU/UFRJ

An essay in the Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society.

- by Yosef Gavriel Bechhofer
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- Law, Jewish Law, Jewish Studies, Land and Property Development

This paper applied an ecocritical perspective on street art to expand on the notion that street art can have an impact on how we relate to urban public space. In doing so, it argued that street art is particularly well positioned to... more

- by Peter Bengtsen
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- Critical Theory, History, Sociology, Cultural Studies

Artykuł opisuje doświadczenia w dziedzinie edukacji na rzecz przestrzeni publicznej w kontekście realizacji programu edukacyjno - kulturalnego pt. "Wspólna nie znaczy niczyja". Program ten powstał przy współudziale Wydziału Architektury Politechniki Poznańskiej, Oddziału Rewitalizacji Urzędu Miasta w Poznaniu oraz Stowarzyszenia Forum Rewitalizacji. Opisywany w artykule program był poprzedzony serią działań, których początek sięga 2008 roku, dlatego intencją autora jest przedstawienie nie tylko efektów ale całego procesu, który doprowadził do realizacji programu.

- by Bartosz Kazmierczak
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- Education, Urban Public Open Space, Public spaces

This study aimed to determine the usability of a 3D touch screen kiosk system for way-finding at a shopping mall in Ankara, Turkey. The usability testing was conducted in collaboration with 15 authentic users and the usability problems were determined by giving authentic tasks to them. The data were collected using a usability testing form. The participants were given six authentic tasks and asked to complete them using the kiosk. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, content analysis, and the Mann-Whitney U Test. The tasks were completed with a high rate of success. There was no significant difference between the task durations of male and female participants. The main findings of the study show that prior experience using the kiosk and giving guidance during usage reduces the duration of the tasks, that there are certain problems with the touch screen and its 3D properties, participants' transfer of the types of interaction with which they are familiar to the kiosk experience leads them to make mistakes, and there are some usability problems related to the interface and content design. The results of this study and its suggestions about information and interface design can be used to design more usable kiosks.

- by Esra Telli and +2
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- Information Systems, Information Science, Information Retrieval, Human Computer Interaction

Third lecture on the urban research of William Whyte and Jan Gehl.

- by David Seamon
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- Behavioral Geography, Environmental Psychology, Urban Planning, Urban Studies

The heavy dependency on private cars has shaped the design of cities. While offering fast, comfortable, and convenient commutes, cars have become the most popular method of transportation, but are also a health crisis due to the toxic emissions they release into the atmosphere as well as the high death toll from traffic accidents. For these reasons, there is a need to minimize the use of cars within cities in favor of greener and humanized urban design that would improve the quality of life and reduce the global threat of climate change. Humanizing Cities Through Car-Free City Development and Transformation is an essential publication that explores the concepts of car-free cities and city humanization as possible solutions to reduce the deteriorating effect on the environment and the community. The publication discusses the urban initiative to implement pedestrianization and humanization of cities and public spaces to promote the concept of car-free living. Featuring coverage on a wide range of topics including city humanization, smart mobility, and urban policies, this book is ideally designed for urban planners, environmentalists, government officials, policymakers, architects, transportation authorities, researchers, academicians, and students.

- by alshimaa aboelmakarem and +1
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- Sustainable Transportation, Transportation Studies, Public Transport, Sustainable Development

This paper aims to discuss public spaces in the Pilot Plan of Brasilia – the area as originally planned – its conception and a few cases of appropriation and lifestyle that have been transpiring nowadays. The current capital of Brazil arose from a political and historical urge to occupy the heartland of the country. Its design, of a strongly representative character, although not considered an ipsis litteris materialization of the Athens Charter, carried with it an attempt to implement a set of ideas brought forth by the Modern Movement. Breaking with the traditional model of other Brazilian cities by drastically reducing the role of the private segment in the city’s design, as well as in its reading and urban flow, Lucio Costa created a certain potential for appropriation and interaction with the public spaces of the city.
Over time, the profuse and large voids in the city – which have endured incisive criticism for years – have proven to be a venue for mobilization and appropriation. Being so common in Brasilia’s landscape, public spaces, unlike what is seen in other so-called traditional Brazilian cities, make up the urban fabric that reveals the sui generis relationship between public and private within the city. Those characteristics are easily expressed when, for instance, one notices that the buildings in the Pilot Plan were originally conceived – and thus in their majority built – as projections, elevated on pilotis, keeping the land public and enabling wide circulation and permeability for pedestrians. The design represents a new way of organizing the city, always guided by the presence of public spaces.
In order to explore those topics, this work presents a brief overview of the ideas brought forward by the Modern Movement that inspired Lucio Costa’s planning of the Pilot Plan of Brasilia, and also discusses the subject of centrality and profusion regarding public spaces in its configuration, seeing that, as opposed to what is observed in so-called traditional cities, public spaces underlie and constitute Brasilia’s urban fabric. Furthermore, this article seeks to exemplify some of the appropriations that have been taking place in such spaces at present, with particular emphasis on the city’s residential and monumental axes. The importance of voids within the urban fabric, enabling free appropriation and signification on behalf of the population, will also be exemplified, along with the discourse that – also at the planning stage – was vigorously incorporated into the accounts of those who reside in the city.

This anthology chapter examines the removal of and trade in street artworks.

- by Peter Bengtsen
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- Critical Theory, History, Cultural History, Sociology

The Global Green Growth Institute, the Ministry of Infrastructure, Rwanda Housing Authority, local authorities, and other stakeholders collaborated on the improvement of public spaces in Rwanda’s secondary cities. The report was developed after the mapping and assessment of 36 public spaces in six secondary cities in Rwanda, through citywide surveys and revision on the master plans for Rwanda’s secondary cities with technical analysis of public spaces.

- by Ilija Gubić
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- Urban Planning, Urbanization, Urban Development, Public spaces

Most of the concern in recent years about the quality of life of the residents of large post-war housing estates in Europe has focused on the various socio-economic aspects of the resident populations and the way these aspects impact on their living conditions. It may, however, be argued that the social aspect of the debate has been dominated mainly by issues concerning social mix and the conduct of housing estate residents, while issues concerning social interaction and social cohesion have received much less attention. This paper adopts a different approach and uses the example of public space to address the issue of social interaction in large housing estates. We identify the major characteristics of public space within these residential areas, adopt the notion of ‘social space’, and use empirical examples to explain the importance of proper public space design, management, and maintenance; the meaning of social space to the residents; and its importance in fostering social interaction and social cohesion.

- by Richard Sendi and +1
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- European Studies, Housing & Residential Design, Urban Regeneration, Privatisation Of Public Space

This was an Honours thesis for my postgraduate degree at Otago University. It considers the engagement of people with public art and public spaces. How public space can provide interaction with public art and how human beings are drawn to such installments are looked at. Different types of public art are analysed along with engagements with each of the type.

Inquadrare la prospettiva La sfera è senza cornice Franco Farinelli La vita oltre la cornice. Divenire, Ordine e Caos nell'arte di Donatello Giacomo Alberto Calogero Dentro e oltre la cornice. I muri dipinti Lucia Corrain Muri in cornice, cornici urbane TRA lo spazio dell'opera e lo spazio intorno all'opera Francesco Poli La cornice dei graffiti in continua evoluzione: dal vandalismo all'artification Ricardo M. Campos Smontare la cornice. Street Art come forma estetica di protesta Susan Hansen Space Frame. Viaggio ai confini della cornice urbana Fabiola Naldi Cornici nel paesaggio, paesaggi in cornice Il luogo come cornice. Il senso del contesto in Franco Airaudo,

- by Fabiola Naldi
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- Visual Studies, Public Art, Public spaces, Frame Analysis

Negotiating Space in Latin America, edited by Patricia Vilches, is an interdisciplinary volume that treats the politics of space in Latin America. From street protests, through national monuments, films, theatre, street art, tourism,... more

- by Lucia Melgar
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- Latin American Studies, Gender Studies, Theatre Studies, Film Studies

A short essay about the history of concepts related to the Urban Landscape.

- by Pablo Angel Lugo
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- Art History, Architecture, Art Theory, Urban Planning

Whether on foot, bike, bus, or train, women are often targets of street harassment such as catcalls, unwanted touching, or leering. When women are forced to navigate harassment in the city, it limits their ability to access public spaces... more

- by Nina M. Flores
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- Gender Studies, Women's Studies, Qualitative methodology, Social Media

Recent global appropriations of public spaces through urban activism, public uprising, and political protest have brought back democratic values, beliefs, and practices that have been historically associated with cities. Given the aggressive commodification of public resources, public space is critically important due to its capacity to enable forms of public discourse and social practice which are fundamental for the well-being of democratic societies. Public Space Reader brings together public space scholarship by a cross-disciplinary group of academics and specialists whose essays consider fundamental questions: What is public space and how does it manifest larger cultural, social, and political processes? How are public spaces designed, socially and materially produced, and managed? How does this impact the nature and character of public experience? What roles does it play in the struggles for the just city, and the Right to The City? What critical participatory approaches can be employed to create inclusive public spaces that respond to the diverse needs, desires, and aspirations of individuals and communities alike? What are the critical global and comparative perspectives on public space that can enable further scholarly and professional work? And, what are the futures of public space in the face of global pandemics, such as COVID-19? The readers of this volume will be rewarded with an impressive array of perspectives that are bound to expand critical understanding of public space.

- by Mário Caeiro
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- Philosophy, Art History, Performing Arts, Art