Neighbourhood Development Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Este artículo se pregunta por el papel de la innovación social en el contex-to de la crisis en los municipios de Cataluña. En concreto, el artículo indaga sobre en qué medida las prácticas llamadas de innovación social consiguen penetrar en los barrios y municipios más afectados por la segregación urbana y, en términos más generales, sobre la importancia de la cooperación ciudadana en las áreas urbanas más desfavorecidas. El artículo parte de una investigación en la que se ha combinado el análisis estadístico y cartográfico de la segregación urbana en el periodo 2001-2012; el mapeo de más de 700 prácticas de innovación social; y el análisis comparado de seis estudios de caso. La tesis principal de este trabajo es que la innovación social no se produce necesariamente entre las comunidades más desfavorecidas, sino entre aquellos grupos con más recursos para la acción colectiva. Se destaca, sin embargo, que los barrios que más resisten los efectos de la crisis son aquellos que tienen más capacidad de organización y de acción social.

- by and +2
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- Neighbourhood Development, Crisis, Social Innovation, Innovación Social

There is a long lineage in neighbourhood research that has underpinned sustained academic and policy interest in the UK centred on understanding how spatial ‘clusters’ of neighbourhood-based deprivation might be destabilised. This has seen the privileging of composite indices in the analysis of deprivation which have been criticised for fostering a common perception that deprived neighbourhoods are homogeneous in terms of their compositions and underlying structures. Such indices have also been criticised for being ineffective at capturing temporal change, providing only static snapshots of deprivation at particular points in time. This paper focuses on patterns of deprived neighbourhood change in the Greater Manchester city-region between 2001 and 2007. It develops a typology of neighbourhood change that is triangulated with three complementary typologies capturing the socioeconomic and demographic compositions of deprived neighbourhoods; the functional roles played by deprived neighbourhoods in redistributing population through migration; and the spatial contexts in which deprived neighbourhoods are located. The analysis reveals that an over reliance on static indices to measure deprivation has long-served to conceal complexities in the way that deprived neighbourhoods change, owing to their variable structures and contexts. It illustrates the danger that lies in treating all deprived neighbourhoods in the same way.

- by Stephen Hincks
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- Human Geography, Urban Geography, Spatial Analysis, Public PolicyStudies

With the aim to enhance sustainability in general including walkability, the recent urban forms of the designs of the Emirati neighborhoods have been denser and more compact, if compared with the older design models. While there are various guidelines and regulations related to the microscale walkability measures for the urban design of neighborhoods in the Emirates but unfortunately the macroscale walkability measures have not received similar attention. So, to investigate how would these denser and more compact recent neighborhoods designs better perform regarding walkability macroscale measures, the research utilized the urban modelling interface (UMI) walkability simulation tool to calculate the UMI Walkscores of these designs because it considers almost all macroscale factors including both urban morphology and urban planning measures and it also allows for the customization of the types, required catchment distances, and weights of the significance of locally provided amenities. The UMI Walkscores were calculated for the six recent denser and more compact neighborhoods designs and were compared with the UMI Walkscore for a conventionally designed model of urban sprawling neighborhoods. Unexpectedly, it has been found out that urban compactness per se is not a sufficient design measure for enhancing walkability in local neighborhood designs, where much higher compactness and density have achieved disappointing UMI Walkscores. So, it seems that for the recent neighborhoods' designs, little attention was paid to the impact of the street network connectivity measures of Intersection Density, Block Length and the link-to-nodes ratio, on UMI Walkscores, if compared with the main attention paid to increasing FAR through decreasing plot sizes. Meanwhile, the explicit macroscale urban planning measures including the land-use factors of the types, numbers, and the location of amenities, as well as the implicit factors of their destination and global weights seem to be more influential in enhancing the UMI Walkscores but have been less considered when planning these neighborhoods. So, besides considering well-known macroscale urban morphology aspects of street network connectivity and locational distribution of provided amenities, boosting walkability macroscale measures on the design level requires adopting a set of adequately customized measures including the appropriate values of their global and distribution weights. These walkability design weights should be also resilient and continuously reviewed to satisfy the changing needs of the local communities. Based on its findings, the research proposed a five-actions plan to help boost walkability macroscale measures in the design of local urban communities in the UAE.

W tradycyjnym, hierarchicznym ujęciu systemu osadniczego lokalne centrum usługowe (LCU) zajmuje szczególną pozycję. Jest nie tylko podstawowym składnikiem sieci miejsc centralnych, ale również nośnikiem określonych, nietransferowalnych na inne poziomy hierarchii funkcji miastotwórczych. Pełni kluczową rolę wżyciu społeczności lokalnych, oferując dostęp do codziennych usług i przyczyniając się do podnoszenia jakości życia w obszarach mieszkaniowych.
Współcześnie te unikatowe funkcje ulegają jednak erozji na skutek rozwoju technologii (w tym zwłaszcza usług online) oraz zmian stylu życia (osłabienia więzi międzyludzkich, komercjalizacji zachowań w przestrzeniach konsumpcji, domocentryzmu). Aby LCU mogło sprostać wyzwaniom, jakie stawia przed nim cywilizacja, musi adaptować się do nowych okoliczności, musi być odpowiednio zaplanowane i zarządzane. W tej perspektywie centrum lokalne okazuje się sprawą polityczną – usytuowane na styku zagadnień z zakresu przestrzeni publicznych i wolnego rynku LCU wymaga skutecznego zarządzania przez władze publiczne różnych szczebli, w tym zwłaszcza przez samorządy gminne.
Prezentowana książka ma na celu uporządkowanie i rozwinięcie dotychczasowej wiedzy z zakresu kształtowania lokalnych centrów usługowych, a w dalszej perspektywie podniesienie jakości życia w obszarach zurbanizowanych w Polsce. Temu właśnie ma służyć tytułowy Model LCU, czyli zestaw reguł, jakimi powinny się kierować władze samorządowe, dążąc do wytworzenia lub utrzymania lokalnych centrów usługowych.
Koncepcja lokalnego (osiedlowego) ośrodka usługowego jako miejsca organizującego przestrzeń zamieszkiwania, zaspokajającego codzienne potrzeby i ogniskującego życie społeczności lokalnej jest znana w środowisku urbanistów i planistów przestrzennych oraz implementowana w praktyce projektowej. Brakuje jednak jej powiązania z szerszym nurtem polityki publicznej. Coraz liczniejsze przykłady wdrożeń, choć pod wieloma względami podobne do siebie, nie są odbiciem jakiejś jednej wizji rozwoju centrów lokalnych w obszarach zurbanizowanych – wynikają raczej z oddolnej inicjatywy pojedynczych samorządów. Tymczasem bez odniesienia do szerszych nurtów politycznych potencjał drzemiący w lokalnych centrach usługowych pozostanie w dużej mierze niewykorzystany. Dlatego ważnym zadaniem jakie stawia sobie ta książka jest wskazanie roli, jaką LCU ma do odegrania w kształtowaniu spójności terytorialnej oraz budowaniu silnych społeczności lokalnych.
Prezentowana praca wpisuje się w ten szeroki nurt badawczy, podejmując zagadnienie planowania, tworzenia i funkcjonowania LCU w obszarach zurbanizowanych o zróżnicowanym charakterze. Poprzez rekapitulację aktualnych teorii urbanistycznych i przeprowadzenie interdyscyplinarnych badań empirycznych projekt Model LCU przynosi zarówno praktykom, jak i badaczom nową wiedzę z zakresu planowania lokalnych ośrodków usługowych.
Można powiedzieć, że „wartość dodana” przeprowadzonych badań zasadza się na trzech elementach: 1) opracowaniu wszechstronnego, teoretycznego Modelu LCU określającego ramy, w jakich należy podejmować decyzje przestrzenne w osiedlach mieszkaniowych w celu zapewnienia mieszkańcom odpowiedniej jakości życia, a lokalnym usługodawcom warunków do stabilnego funkcjonowania i rozwoju na lokalnym rynku; 2) jednoznacznym powiązaniu koncepcji LCU z polityką spójności terytorialnej; 3) ukazaniu znaczenia LCU dla kształtowania silnych społeczności lokalnych.

- by Łukasz Damurski and +1
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- Urban Planning, Neighbourhood Development, Urban Studies, Urban Sociology
- by Jaap Evert Abrahamse
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- Architecture, Housing & Residential Design, Urban History, Urban Planning

Over the past 25 years, the Brussels neighbourhoods confronted with the greatest difficulties have benefited from substantial public funds intended to renovate and revitalise them: 550 interventions on the built environment, 1730 housing units created, 130 elements of local infrastructure built, 850 socio-economic actions carried out and a large number of roadways and squares redesigned. Created in 1993, the “Neighbourhood Contract” rapidly became an emblematic tool of the Brussels public action and imposed itself as a structural and structuring policy. Beyond the many projects and actions implemented, there is also an entire social world that took shape around this project and that is composed of political actors, administrative agents, experts, associations and citizens. This publication traces the deployment of the Neighbourhood Contracts in Brussels over the past 25 years by means of an immersion in the discourse, imagination, steering, execution and administration of a long-term public action, recorded at different moments in its lifetime. The 14 situations that have been selected compose the sociological chronicle of an urban policy, from its birth to its current state of development, which today raises important questions. The text that concludes the work is the occasion for the author to question the “time perspectives” of the advocates and detractors of the Neighbourhood Contract, and to stir a public debate about the continuation or transformation of urban policymaking in Brussels.

- by Mathieu Berger
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- Sociology, Political Sociology, Public Administration, Architecture

Das Thema „nachhaltige Quartiersentwicklung“ wird oft im Zusammenhang mit der Aufwertung benachteiligter Stadtteile oder der Errichtung neuer „Öko-Quartiere“ diskutiert. Die große Masse der normalen Bestandsgebiete – vom innerstädtischen Gründerzeitviertel bis zum peripheren Einfamilienhausgebiet – fällt dagegen häufig unter den Tisch. In dem Beitrag werden die in Deutschland diskutierten Konzepte nachhaltiger Stadtentwicklung vorgestellt und es wird der Versuch unternommen, diese Konzepte auf die Wohngebietsebene zu übertragen, ohne dabei von vornherein auf bestimmte Quartierstypen festgelegt zu sein. Im Unterschied zur Neuplanung nachhaltiger Quartiere stellen sich bei einer nachhaltigkeitsorientierten Weiterentwicklung von Bestandsgebieten ungleich komplexere Herausforderungen, allein schon aufgrund der bereits vorhandenen Bewohnerschaft. Dadurch eröffnen sich aber zugleich auch große Chancen, wenn die Bewohner als Experten vor Ort die Konzeptentwicklung und Umsetzung maßgeblich mitgestalten können. Bestehen nämlich größere Diskrepanzen zwischen den gesamtstädtischen Zielen nachhaltiger Stadtentwicklung und den Interessenslagen der Betroffenen vor Ort, sind Akzeptanzprobleme bei der Umsetzung entsprechender Maßnahmen vorprogrammiert. Auf Grund der Überschaubarkeit und des direkten persönlichen Bezugs der Bewohner zu ihrem Umfeld kann die Ebene des Quartiers gleichwohl als ideale Umsetzungsebene für viele Maßnahmen einer nachhaltigen Stadtentwicklung betrachtet werden. Zumal in vielen Fällen die Initiative sowieso vorrangig von den Bewohnern und anderen lokalen Akteuren oder Akteursgruppen ausgeht. Nachhaltige Quartiersentwicklung ist letztlich ein Prozess im Schnittfeld von öffentlichem, privatwirtschaftlichem und intermediärem Sektor. Die Balance zwischen den divergierenden Interessen dieser Akteure zu halten, ist jedoch eine ebenso große Herausforderung wie der Versuch, die ökologische, ökonomische und soziale Dimension der nachhaltigen Entwicklung gleichrangig zu berücksichtigen.

The paper introduces a participatory method for re-generation of the common spaces in residential neighbourhoods, especially in case of post-war mass housing. The method combines regenerative design and co-commitment that are recognized as decisive factors in mass housing revitalisation. The spatial focus of the research is on New Belgrade Blocks (Serbia) that are part of the larger phenomenon of the post-socialist urban heritage. The neighbourhoods that are part of this larger framework are having common attributes and facing similar issues nowadays. Comprehending and managing change in these neighbourhoods requires community-driven actions that would include all relevant stakeholders in the process through co-commitment. The actions, that would be based on regenerative and biophilic design, would ensure both maintenance of green spaces of the neighbourhoods, as well as integration of new nature-based solutions. The approach is enhancing the role of community and highlighting the important values of common spaces in ensuring vitality of mass housing and co-creating healthy and liveable environments. The paper is contributing to contemporary discussions on resilient cities and communities and promoting participatory and integrated urban renewal.

Bericht zur Tagung "Integrale Quartierentwicklung in Wohngebieten mit Sanierungsbedarf. Rollen, Aufgaben und Strategien der Gemeinwesenarbeit (GWA) - 8. Fachtagung der Netzwerke Gemeinwesenarbeit Deutschschweiz" erschienen in: Berner... more

- by Dominic Zimmermann
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- Social Work, Neighbourhood Development, Community building

[NOTE: this is the executive summary of the full 146 page document]
The intention of this community based training needs analysis is to provide an empirical knowledge base for the planning of adult and community education and training within the Mount Alexander Shire. In response to the initiative of the Shire’s three Learn Local providers, Castlemaine Continuing Education, Castlemaine Community House and Maldon Neighbourhood House to achieve this through collaboration, the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development provided funding to facilitate the formation of MATCH as a representation of a community focussed partnership and to jointly undertake the
training needs analysis.
The objectives were to:
• understand skill requirements of employers, including staff development and for new entrant staff;
• identify barriers to training for business and learners;
• differentiate pre-accredited against accredited training requirements;
• identify future training needs for business and industry, and provide data analysis; and
• determine how Learn Local providers and MATCH partners can meet current and future training needs of local industry / business.

- by James M McArdle
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- Education, Adult Education, Community Development, Community Based Education

Society is facing a great sustainability challenge, where the design of its social systems has made it increasingly difficult for the planet to support humanity. Given the complexity of the sustainability challenge, the planet requires a shift in the way society is organised and a commitment to sustainability from individuals and communities. This thesis explores how neighbourhood hubs can serve as a platform to engage individuals to take an active participatory role in their community. Neighbourhood hubs are defined as: a fixed physical gathering place which intentionally brings people together to carry out services, activities, programs and events that serve the local community. This research sought to uncover the dynamic and engaging characteristics of neighbourhood hubs that attract participants as well as the benefits of hubs to the local community in the form of community capitals. By combining the approach of Strategic Sustainable Development with the engaging characteristics of hubs, this thesis provides a planning tool to help hubs work towards their vision and move society towards sustainability. Neighbourhood hubs are found to be an effective and inspiring way for communities to move towards a vibrant and sustainable future.

A elaboração desse trabalho de caracterização da qualidade das águas, dos rios e das fontes, de delimitação de bacias e de bairros, conduziu-nos a vários caminhos. Em linhas gerais, os procedimentos realizados no âmbito dessa pesquisa implicaram no desenvolvimento das seguintes atividades: a. realização de amplo levantamento bibliográfico e pesquisa em fontes secundárias, com especial ênfase nos dados
censitários e informações relacionadas com a qualidade das águas e acesso aos serviços públicos de saneamento ambiental, produzidos pela Universidade, Prefeitura Municipal de Salvador, Governo do Estado da Bahia, entidades civis e institutos de pesquisa; b. definição de marco teórico-conceitual sobre a problemática das águas e sua inserção no contexto da problemática ambiental de Salvador – com definição dos conceitos estruturantes de bacia hidrográfica, de drenagem e de bairro; c. estruturação da metodologia de pesquisa de delimitação de bacia hidrográfica e de bairro; d. coleta de amostras de água bruta para a caracterização bacteriológica e físico-química nas bacias hidrográficas e medição da vazão; e.
avaliação da qualidade das águas das fontes; f. caracterização das formas de acesso aos serviços públicos de saneamento ambiental por meio de dados censitários e dados da Empresa Baiana de Águas e Saneamento - EMBASA; h. delimitação das bacias hidrográficas, de drenagem natural e dos bairros; e i. realização de levantamento da produção bibliográfica sobre águas nos institutos de pesquisa, faculdades e universidades em Salvador.
É preciso ressaltar que a relação entre bacia e bairro, aqui estabelecida, tem o claro objetivo de estimular a reconstrução dos laços de pertencimento entre o cidadão, o território e suas águas – noção que se encontra materializada em relação ao bairro, mas que se perdeu em relação às águas. Foram
três os critérios de inserção de um bairro em uma determinada bacia: a. que as águas do território circunscrito no bairro confluam para a bacia hidrográfica ou de drenagem; b. que mais da metade do território do bairro esteja contido na bacia; c. que a nascente do corpo d’água de uma determinada bacia
esteja no bairro.

How did Baltimore become so segregated? In Not in My Neighborhood, Antero Pietila argues that a history of discriminatory real estate practices is to blame. Pietila, a longtime journalist for the Baltimore Sun, traces both individual and government actions that institutionalized residential segregation in Baltimore from the early 1900s to the present. Based on archival research and interviews with real estate agents, developers, and residents, the author provides a detailed account of redlining, restrictive covenants, and related tools used to exclude African Americans from white neighborhoods.

Co-écrit avec Pauline Varloteaux (architecte).
Recherche et illustrations de Pauline Varloteaux.

- by Mathieu Berger
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- Architecture, Urban Planning, Neighbourhood Development, Urban Policy

This article aims to analyze a realization of socially en-gaged Buddhism outside of Buddhist monasteries in China by using the case studies of Tzu Chi Foundation. Since the 2000s, state-led religious charities have been gradually implemented among Han Buddhist monaster-ies in China. With a renewal of the religious idea of “Humanistic Buddhism,” temples have set up guideline to conduct their charitable work. At the same time, Buddhist communities have become more diversified due to the international immigration of Buddhist groups. While social service is the central focus of Tzu Chi Foundation worldwide, I raise the question of how a global movement of moral reform and social service can help us rethink the normative account of “public engagement” in a highly regulated and censored society such as China. Based on the ethnographic work, I argue the successful structural adaption of the Tzu Chi movement corresponding with, first, the promotion of socially engaged Buddhism, which aligns with state policy and interests. Secondly, the timely change of organizational missions corresponding with the shift in social identity of urban residents from “Work Units” to “Communities” in urban Shanghai.

- by Weishan HUANG
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- Buddhism, Sociology of Religion, Social Identity, Chinese Buddhism

The present policy objective of sustainable urban development has created the need for methods of ex ante evaluation of local area development projects that assess the contribution of alternative solutions to the general sustainability goals. For this reason, we have seen the evolution of building energy assessment methods into sustainable neighbourhood assessment methods that are more integrative and contextual to accommodate the complexities of the urban scale. This article identifies and reviews a selection of sustainable urban development evaluation tools that are applicable to the early stages of urban design projects, to provide a clearer picture of the state of play to those needing to use such tools and those wanting to develop new ones. The review follows an analytical framework covering the format, structure, content and output of the tools, based on the recommendations of planning evaluation theory and the requirements of urban design practice. Since no single tool stands out from the review, the choice is not simple and there is scope both to further improve existing tools and develop new ones. The paper concludes proposing a strategy for the development of robust and compatible sustainable urban development evaluation methods based on four goals: collaboration, compatibility, customisation and combination.

- by Jorge Gil and +1
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- Sustainable Development, Urban Planning, Neighbourhood Development, Measurement and Evaluation
- by Iyiola D Ayobami
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- Civil Law, International Law, Case Study Research, Neighbourhood Development

Neighbourhoods and the social use of urban space are areas of growing interest that concern both contemporary city planners and archaeologists. The latter focus on the built space of the past and can offer a long-term perspective on spatial trends and patterns in urban development. Based on a detailed examination of the archaeological remains of two distinct city blocks (IV ii and iv) from Ostia (Imperial Rome's principal port city), the article explores the spatial properties of these urban quarters and seeks to identify spaces which potentially fostered social cohesion and community building. By combining archaeological and syntactical methods of spatial analysis (space syntax), novel insights have been generated regarding the physical environment in which Roman city dwellers lived their daily lives. The shared courtyards and passage spaces of Block IV ii suggest a continuity of community focus over a period of almost four hundred years. In contrast, Block IV iv appears to lack shared spaces and revealed a spatial organisation of self-contained buildings focused on individual access to public space. Block IV ii is characterised by shared internal courtyards suggestive of collective use within its own perimeter; Block IV iv looks outward toward external community building with activities centred on the street confining the block. The combined results reveal insights into the flexibility of ancient Roman urban structures and allows for several suggestive glimpses into the urban community that sustained these blocks and the wider city in the long-term.

- by Hanna Stoger
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- Spatial Analysis, Space Syntax, Urban Planning, Neighbourhood Development

Resumen
El Trabajo Social Comunitario, que había dejado de lado su labor de organización y desarrollo social de las comunidades, reaparece como un enfoque complementario, técnicamente viable y éticamente necesario, como respuesta a la mercantilización de lo social, en un escenario global de políticas sociales de austeridad que priorizan un trabajo social exclusivamente individual y asistencial. Frente a las políticas neoliberales que priman la responsabilización del individuo, culpabilizándolo por su exclusión, el Trabajo Social está apostando, como vía complementaria de actuación y de posicionamiento ético, por una nueva dimensión comunitaria que exige una renovación metodológica y que necesita de nuevas competencias profesionales. Mediante un análisis comparativo de cuatro experiencias de intervención, señalamos al Trabajo Social Comunitario como una herramienta para la generación de políticas públicas capaces de recuperar derechos sociales, y de ofrecer un modelo de gestión más eficaz, eficiente y sostenible. Las intervenciones comunitarias analizadas, concluimos, eluden la competencia entre los actores de lo social; favorecen una comunicación fluida entre administradores políticos, recursos técnico-profesionales y ciudadanía; e incorporan la evaluación y la sistematización de la práctica profesional, contribuyendo a una mayor cohesión social, mediante la reflexión colectiva y solidaria sobre soluciones comunes.
Abstract
The Community Social Work, having left aside its fundamental role in the organization and social development of communities, reappears as a complementary approach, technically viable and ethically necessary, thus giving response to the commercialization of The Social, in a global scenario of Social Policies based on austerity, which prioritize an exclusively individual and care oriented Social Work. Contrary to the neoliberal policies focussing on the responsibility of the individual in his-her own exclusion, Social Work is betting, as a complementary way of acting and ethical positioning, for a new community dimension. This demands a methodological renewal thus requiring new professional skills. Based on a comparative analysis, we consider Community Social Work the right tool so as to generate Public Policies capable not only of recovering social rights but also offering a more effective, efficient and sustainable management model. We conclude that the analysed community-oriented interventions are bypassing competition among social actors, favouring a fluid communication involving political administrators, technical-professional resources and citizenship. Furthermore, they incorporate the evaluation and systematization of professional practice, thus contributing to a greater social cohesion, as well as to a collective and joint reflection on common solutions.

- by Chabier Gimeno Monterde
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- Sociology, Social Work, Community Development, Neighbourhood Development

Social, economic and environmental aspects of building sustainable communities receive ample academic and policy attention; far less is paid to finding financially sustainable models of urban regeneration. This case study of the Hattersley Estate in Greater Manchester, England, provides insights into an innovative approach to financing estate regeneration via novel mechanisms of planning gain, stock transfer, and tenure diversification, influenced by the Mixed Communities agenda. In the context of enduring spatially-concentrated deprivation, state withdrawal of regeneration funding, and residualisation and neglect of public housing stock by an absentee landlord-together rendering estate renewal too expensive for conventional stock transfer-regeneration partners have instead sought to leverage local land values for a 'self-financing' method of regeneration. This article describes how a novel business model and financialisation fix were conceived and implemented for Hattersley's relatively successful estate regeneration; explores the political-economic implications and contradictions of this financialised approach for urban development trajectories; and draws critical connections between research on financialisation, land value capture and municipal entrepreneurialism.

This study aims to evaluate the satisfaction level of the residents towards the neighbourhood quality, particularly regarding the provision of public facilities in Bandar Baru Bangi. There are seven types of public facilities that are being evaluated which are public community facilities; public transportation facilities; open spaces, recreational and sports facilities; educational facilities; religious facilities; public health facilities; and security and emergency facilities. Quantitative method which is questionnaire survey is being used in order to get the satisfaction level of the residents and also the suggestions or expectations of the residents regarding the public facilities. Besides, the data are also
collected by informal interviews with the committee members of the community and site observation is done to get the actual condition of the study areas. For the questionnaire survey, there are 172 respondents involved in the survey and the respondents are from Seksyen 3, Seksyen 8 and Seksyen 16 of Bandar Baru Bangi. The satisfaction of the respondents regarding the public facilities are evaluated by several aspects which are availability; condition; location; capacity of users; safety; and design of structure of the public facilities. Findings from this study showed that majority of the respondents are not satisfied with the provision of public facilities which can clearly indicate the neighbourhood quality of the area. However, the satisfaction level of the respondents towards public facilities varies according to the location; condition; design; management and maintenance; and safety aspects of the public facilities.

- by Asyiqin Amran
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- Urban Planning, Neighbourhood Development, Housing, Public Facilities

Cosa significa indagare la periferia? Cosa si intende oggi con il termine «periferico» quando osserviamo la città? Quali strumenti possono essere messi in campo per conoscere e attivare questi territori? Quali prospettive possono orientare nuovi progetti e politiche?
Il volume esplora il significato e il ruolo delle periferie urbane nella città contemporanea, prendendo avvio da un’esperienza di ricerca e attivazione durata oltre due anni in diversi quartieri di Milano, maturata all’interno del programma Lacittàintorno di Fondazione Cariplo. A partire da una riflessione pratica e teorica sull’indagine territoriale collaborativa come strumento per la costruzione di un sapere locale e partecipato, il presente studio approfondisce tre territori paradigmatici:
il quartiere Adriano, una periferia delle grandi espansioni urbane incompiute, il quartiere Corvetto, una storica periferia dell’edilizia pubblica posta ai bordi agricoli della città, e via Padova, una periferia dal denso tessuto abitativo privato caratterizzata dal fenomeno dell’immigrazione. Tre esplorazioni che mettono al lavoro diverse prospettive di lettura – spaziale e urbanistica, delle politiche urbane e dei processi dal basso, antropologica e sociale – per interpretare la complessità della città, i diversi modi di abitarla e le possibili traiettorie di trasformazione.

- by Francesca Cognetti and +1
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- Community Engagement & Participation, Neighbourhood Development, Urban Regeneration, Urban Studies

Ces 25 dernières années, les quartiers bruxellois les plus en difficulté ont bénéficié d’importants financements publics destinés à les rénover et les revitaliser : 550 interventions sur le bâti, 1730 logements créés, 130 équipements de proximité construits, 850 actions socio-économiques menées et un grand nombre de voiries et de places requalifiées. Créé en 1993, le « Contrat de quartier » est rapidement devenu un instrument emblématique de l’action publique bruxelloise et s’est imposé comme une politique structurelle et structurante. Au-delà des nombreux projets et actions réalisés, c’est aussi tout un univers politico-administratif, expert, associatif et citoyen qui s’est construit autour de ce dispositif. Cet ouvrage retrace le déploiement des Contrats de quartier bruxellois sur 25 ans d’existence, à travers une immersion dans le discours, l’imaginaire, le pilotage, l’exécution et l’administration d’une action publique au long cours, saisie à différents moments de son histoire. Les quatorze situations choisies composent la chronique sociologique d’une politique urbaine, de sa naissance à son état de développement actuel, qui pose aujourd’hui d’importantes questions. Le texte qui clôt l’ouvrage est l’occasion pour l’auteur d’interroger les « perspectives temporelles » des défenseurs et des détracteurs de l’outil Contrat de quartier, et d’appeler à un débat public sur la poursuite ou la transformation des politiques de la ville à Bruxelles.

- by Mathieu Berger
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- Political Sociology, Public Administration, Architecture, Urban Politics

Studies of classical gentrification typically focus on the embourgeoisement of neighborhoods and displacement of marginalized people. According to Lees (2003), a new form of gentrification—super-gentrification—has emerged with the expansion of global finance capital. Super-gentrification entails the further upscaling of already gentrified neighborhoods with the in-migration of upper-income residents and displacement of middle class residents, many of whom were among the initial gentrifiers. Despite the attention policy makers, urban planners, and the media are paying to the “middle class squeeze,” few quantitative studies of super-gentrification exist. Using data from the United States Decennial Census, American Community Survey, public residential sales transaction records, and real estate listings, this article sheds light on the landscape of super-gentrification and how to identify it with a quantitative analysis of changes in income, demographics, and housing affordability in the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York since 1970.

- by Judith Halasz
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- Urban Geography, Neighbourhood Development, Gentrification, Urban Studies

Cities in East Asia are faced with growing social, economic and environmental risks. National and local governments are, hence, looking for novel policies that could improve the long-term capacity of cities to address these risks more comprehensively and effectively. Citizen participation and neighbourhood improvement are both considered playing a key role in building more inclusive and sustainable cities. This article compares the transformation of Samdeok Maeul in Seoul and Tampines in Singapore to better understand the importance of citizen participation in planning the neighbourhood improvement, and its consequences on urban development in general. Both cases represent a similar shift from previous state-led towards participatory planning. The research follows a case-oriented qualitative approach. The authors conducted in-depth interviews with major stakeholders, participant observation, expert workshops, and review of secondary resources. The research findings suggest that in both cases the residents were able to affect neighbourhood improvement through community engagement in the planning process. At the same time, the research findings imply that the state remains largely in control over the process, which indicates the challenges that need to be considered in order to empower communities in Seoul and Singapore in the long run.

- by Luca Reale
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- Soviet History, Welfare State, Urban Planning, Neighbourhood Development
- by Rukiye Gizem Öztaş Karlı and +1
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- Sustainable Development, Neighbourhood Development, Sustainable Urban Planning

This international Planning Studio aims to debate on the implementation of current planning projects in Medellin, Colombia, specifically examining the Green Metropolitan Belt proposal. It proposes to build up models for alternative intervention in the urban fringe involving community actors as crucial planning partners. Main partners are National University of Colombia-Medellin, Columbia University, International University of Catalunya and the Planning and Management Council of Commune 8 (CPG).

- by Filiz Umarogullari and +1
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- Neighbourhood Development, Sustainable Architecture, High Rise Buildings, Skyscraper

This paper seeks to advance neighbourhood change research and complexity theories of cities by developing and exploring a Markov model of socio-spatial neighbourhood evolution in Toronto, Canada. First, we classify Toronto neighbourhoods into distinct groups using established geodemographic segmentation techniques, a relatively novel application in this setting. Extending previous studies, we pursue a hierarchical approach to classifying neighbourhoods that situates many neighbourhood types within the city's broader structure. Our hierarchical approach is able to incorporate a richer set of types than most past research and allows us to study how neighbourhoods' positions within this hierarchy shape their trajectories of change. Second, we use Markov models to identify generative processes that produce patterns of change in the city's distribution of neighbourhood types. Moreover, we add a spatial component to the Markov process to uncover the extent to which change in one type of neighbourhood depends on the character of nearby neighbourhoods. In contrast to the few studies that have explored Markov models in this research tradition, we validate the model's predictive power. Third, we demonstrate how to use such models in theoretical scenarios considering the impact on the city's predicted evolutionary trajectory when existing probabilities of neighbourhood transitions or distributions of neighbourhood types would hypothetically change. Markov models of transition patterns prove to be highly accurate in predicting the final distribution of neighbourhood types. Counterfactual scenarios empirically demonstrate urban complexity: small initial changes reverberate throughout the system, and unfold differently depending on their initial geographic distribution. These scenarios show the value of complexity as a framework for interpreting data and guiding scenario-based planning exercises.

- by Daniel Silver
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- Neighbourhood Development, Urban Studies, Markov Processes, Urban Sociology
- by Maurice Smithers
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- Urban Planning, Migration, Neighbourhood Development, Urban Regeneration

This volume aims to promote discussion and critical thinking on the urban environment at the intersection of the neighbourhood and the city, along their socio-spatial relations, from an interdisciplinary, multidimensional and international perspective. The chapters cover various aspects related to the meaning of living, intervening, planning, managing, thinking about and producing the city in the digital era, with a view to increasing the understanding of neighbourhoods as part of a wider consideration of social and sustainable development and the need for greater care of urban communities. This has a direct impact on public open spaces, which lie at the core of CyberParks. The international scope of the edition is enhanced by its bilingual nature, as this volume targets, in addition to a European readership, also the readership of Portuguese-speaking countries.

This book presents an exploratory account of the origins and dynamics of cities. The author recounts how the essential foundations of the urbanization process reside in two interrelated forces. These are the tendency for many different kinds of human activity to gather together to form functional complexes on the landscape, and the multifaceted intra-urban space-sorting crosscurrents set in motion by this primary urge. From these basic points of departure, the city in all its fullness emerges as a reflexive moment in social and economic development. The argument of the book is pursued both in theoretical and in empirical terms, devoting attention to the changing character of urbanization in the capitalist era. A point of particular emphasis concerns the peculiar patterns of resurgent urbanization that are making their historical and geographical appearance in the currently emerging phase of cognitive-cultural capitalism and that are now rapidly diffusing across the globe.

According to the Western European city thesis, European cities have a unique institutional mix which helps to explain how social patterns come about. The most important elements of this mix are the interventionist state and the housing system legacy of non-private housing. While these two are vital, overall generalizations are tricky due to regional variations in economic performance, housing markets and local state capabilities. This paper explores the generalizations that can be made about the institutional context of direct interventions in the built environment and housing, i.e. neighbourhood regeneration, in Western European cities. It examines how national policy frameworks and housing market characteristics impinge upon on the adoption of social transformation strategies. Social transformation strategies, often adopted in neighbourhood regeneration, refer to the use of physical interventions to institute social change in deprived areas. Generally, there are two types of social transformation strategies: large-scale tenure restructuring and upgrading. A comparative analysis of four cases of regeneration shows that in Western European cities the opportunities and constraints of national policy framework and regional housing market characteristics help to explain the social transformation strategies adopted locally. Furthermore, it shows that the thesis’ value as an explanatory and analytical framework for Western Europe.

- by Wouter van Gent
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- Urban Planning, Neighbourhood Development, Urban Regeneration, Urban Studies
- by Matthew Thompson and +1
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- Urban Planning, Regional and Local Governance, Neighbourhood Development, Urban Regeneration

Rebuilding Community: A Best Practices Toolkit for Historic Preservation and Redevelopment provides public officials, neighborhood leaders, preservationists, and real estate professionals with a host of tools used successfully in communities to forge revitalization strategies particular to their own circumstances. Rebuilding Community offers two dozen examples of public policies, financing programs, marketing strategies, model partnerships, and design and adaptive use approaches that have contributed to community renewal. Together they can comprise a comprehensive city strategy for achieving neighborhood revitalization goals.

Kuća Miletić-Braut, izgrađena 1931. godine, bila je primjerom građanske međuratne arhitekure i izvornoga urbanoga tkiva Trešnjevke. Srušena je 2019. godine. Članak donosi prikaz izgradnje uz razvoj urbanoga konteksta gradske četvrti u... more

- by Boris Dundović
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- Architecture, Urban History, Urban Anthropology, Neighbourhood Development
- by Luca Reale
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- Housing & Residential Design, Neighbourhood Development, Urban Regeneration, Caucasus