Community Development Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

In the future, most of the world’s population will live in unplanned settlements that are built with unsafe methods on land that is illegally acquired. The vast majority of these shadow-cities will be realized without the formal input of... more

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- Humanitarian Design (Architecture), Community Development
- by carroy ferguson
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- Sociology, Cultural Studies, Social Change, Psychology

This paper examines alternatives to top-down approaches to heritage management and development. One of the key issues facing communities around the globe today is the Authorized Heritage Discourse (AHD)--the determination of heritage values by “experts” and government officials on behalf of the people. It is all too common to find local people alienated by such practices and searching for ways in which they can take ownership of their own heritage. Community-based research that shares power and is participatory is one avenue that is quickly developing in many regions around the globe. In Africa, a number of villages and other small communities have taken the initiative to preserve and develop their heritage, free of outside control. Important lessons may be drawn from these experiences, particularly the use of discourse-based research that captures how the people define and live out their heritages through everyday practice.

- by Peter Schmidt
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- African Studies, Archaeology, Historical Archaeology, Cultural Heritage
- by Caglar Ozden
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- Climate Change, Human Rights, Community Development, Immigration

Community development is a form of social intervention which relies on the participation of local actors on delivering endogenous processes of development. As local actors we consider the people who is related to a community and has power of agency. Sociocultural animation is a method of empowering people to participate in the development of their own groups or communities, looking at their own needs, capabilities, knowledge and skills to identify problems and the adequate strategies to solve them. It concerns all social, cultural and educational dimensions as part of a development process. This paper explores the contribution of sociocultural animation as a tool for social work aiming to community development.

- by Mário M V Montez
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- Social Work, Community Development, Sociocultural Animation

A study of holistic models care, for highly disadvantaged people, which have been established in faith-based communities.

This article sets out an overview of the Joseph Rowntree-funded Towards a New Common Chapter project, managed by the Centre for Cross Border Studies: its origins and rationale, and some of what it has revealed so far of attitudes among a number of grassroots community organisations from both jurisdictions on the island of Ireland towards the notion of cross-border cooperation. However, neither this article nor the project at its current stage should be seen as definitive in terms of what they may tell us of general perceptions of and commitment to cross-border cooperation. Having completed two stages involving 10 community organisations and a number of related groups comprising 86 participants, the project is only now embarking on a third stage aimed at disseminating “A New Common Chapter for cooperation within and between these islands” drafted by the participating groups at the end of the second stage, and reproduced below. It will be during this process of interacting with other grassroots community organisations on the island of Ireland and seeking their views on the New Common Chapter that we will perhaps gain a wider understanding of the relative support for the notion of cross-border, North-South and East-West cooperation.

- by Anthony Soares
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- Community Development, Cross-border cooperation
- by Sheila Martin and +1
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- Community Development

Field trip publication on the subject of everyday conversations and dispersed initiatives in changing urban landscapes in Agra, India. Produced by students from Diploma Unit 6 and Degree Studio 7 at the Faculty of Architecture and Spatial... more

In order to accept this Student Recruiter agreement with the College of Mental Health Counselling, you must believe in and agree with the value of learning about counselling through the online course described at www.ctihalifax.com, and you must act in good faith accepting that the College will remunerate you as per the terms of this agreement in #5 below. Because a Student Recruiter must communicate the following, therefore completing the below steps is considered a Skill Test in order to qualify. When the College receives full tuition from your first referral, you will be considered a Student Recruiter.

- by Daniel M Keeran MSW
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- Creative Writing, Marketing, Christianity, Buddhism

The majority of vulnerability and adaptation scholarship, policies and programs focus exclusively on climate change or global environmental change. Yet, individuals, communities and sectors experience a broad array of multi-scalar and multi-temporal, social, political, economic and environmental changes to which they are vulnerable and must adapt. While extensive theoretical—and increasingly empirical—work suggests the need to explore multiple exposures, a clear conceptual framework which would facilitate analysis of vulnerability and adaptation to multiple interacting socioeconomic and biophysical changes is lacking. This review and synthesis paper aims to fill this gap through presenting a conceptual framework for integrating multiple exposures into vulnerability analysis and adaptation planning. To support applications of the framework and facilitate assessments and comparative analyses of community vulnerability, we develop a comprehensive typology of drivers and exposures experienced by coastal communities. Our results reveal essential elements of a pragmatic approach for local-scale vulnerability analysis and for planning appropriate adaptations within the context of multiple interacting exposures. We also identify methodologies for characterizing exposures and impacts, exploring interactions and identifying and prioritizing responses. This review focuses on coastal communities; however, we believe the framework, typology and approach will be useful for understanding vulnerability and planning adaptation to multiple exposures in various social-ecological contexts.

- by Nathan J Bennett and +3
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- Climate Change, Natural Resources, Community Resilience, Climate Change Adaptation

While many educators acknowledge the challenges of a curriculum shaped by test preparation, implementing meaningful new teaching strategies can be difficult. Active Learning presents an examination of innovative, interactive teaching strategies that were successful in engaging urban students who struggled with classroom learning. Drawing on rich ethnographic data, the book proposes participatory action research (PAR) as a viable approach to teaching and learning that supports the development of multiple literacies in writing, reading, research and oral communication. As Wright argues, in connecting learning to authentic purposes and real-world consequences, participatory action research can serve as a model for meaningful urban school reform.

FOR LIJIANG OLD TOWN 丽江古城, 1 June 2016 was not a happy day. More than 800 hostels, guesthouses, and shops refused to open their doors. They had made a collective decision to protest against the local government’s insistence that they collect an eighty-yuan ‘conservation fee’ 维护费 from foreign and domestic tourists. The shop owners, mainly migrants from other parts of China, complained that the seemingly arbitrary nature of the request was hurting business. The three-day protest resulted in a dramatic decrease in tourist numbers —transforming this popular vacation spot into a ghost town.Places like Lijiang easily become stereotyped ‘theme parks’ in which local communities play a marginal role, entangled in the battle between local bureaucracies and business. It is in this struggle that old towns lose the very core of their cultural value.

- by Yujie Zhu
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- Tourism Studies, Development Studies, Cultural Heritage, Conservation
- by Colin Mercer
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- Cultural Studies, Cultural Policy, Globalization, Community Development

This paper explores the pro-poor tourism literature's proposition that businesses "at all levels and scales of operation" can contribute to poverty alleviation, and questions the view that small-scale "alternative" forms of tourism development are preferable in delivering wide-ranging benefits to the poor. Based on research in Fiji, it uses the multidimensional view of poverty modelled on Zhao and Ritchie's integrative research framework for "anti-poverty tourism" that identifies three determinants: "opportunity", "empowerment" and "security". The paper reveals that both small-and large-scale tourism make positive contributions to revenue generation, job creation and community development, but there is considerable potential for local procurement and labour conditions to improve. Poverty has increased in Fiji, despite rising tourism arrivals, but this problem is complex and is linked to agricultural decline. An underlying concern is that tourism policy in Fiji encourages development of large, foreign-owned resorts, while indigenous businesses often do not receive the support they require to be successful in the long term. Thus, indigenous Fijian participation in the tourism sector is predominantly as employees or as recipients of lease monies, and rarely as those directly involved in tourism planning and development, therefore limiting the pro-poor potential of the sector in Fiji.

- by Regina Scheyvens
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- Community Development, Sustainable Tourism, Tourism, Tourism Development

Abstract: This paper presents an argument for considering issues of class in analyses of communicative planning projects. In these projects, class interests tend to be obscured by the contemporary preoccupation with the class-ambiguous category of “community”. Through a case study of a project of urban redevelopment at King's Cross in London, we conceptualize and map class interests in an urban redevelopment project. Three aspects of the planning process that contain clear class effects are looked at: the amount of office space, the flexibility of plans, and the appropriation of the urban environment as exchange or use value. These aspects structure the urban redevelopment but are external to the communicative planning process. The opposition to the redevelopment has in the planning discourse been articulated as “community”-based rather than in class-sensitive terms. We finally present three strategies for reinserting issues of class into planning theory and practice.

- by Ståle Holgersen
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- Geography, Human Geography, Urban Geography, Economic Geography
- by Logan Cochrane
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- Cultural Studies, Human Geography, Anthropology, Cultural Sociology

Nel tentativo di gestire quel delicato equilibrio tra capitale naturale e sviluppo socioeconomico, le aree fragili si ritrovano oggi investite da profondi cambiamenti che le collocano nel limen del "non più e non ancora". Soggette a transizioni di crescente complessità e quasi liberate dallo stereotipo della marginalità, non alimentano più soltanto immaginari legati al degrado e all'abbandono, ma iniziano a porsi come luoghi del possibile. Come spazi a partire dai quali si può sperimentare un modo altro di "fare sviluppo". Le sfide giungono dall'economia leggera, dalla riqualificazione dei patrimoni, dalla conservazione attiva del paesaggio, dal turismo lento, dalle filiere alimentari di qualità. Coglierle appieno dipende dalla capacità delle persone di fare comunità di progetto dentro, fuori e oltre i confini territoriali.
A partire da questo scenario, il volume può rappresentare uno strumento di analisi e di lettura delle dinamiche insite nel cambiamento e di come queste stiano incidendo sulla percezione dei luoghi, sulla loro fruizione, sulle risorse che possono mobilitare, sulle interconnessioni che possono sviluppare.

- by Rita Salvatore and +1
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- Rural Sociology, Social Change, Community Engagement & Participation, Community Development

A study has been done in Luvuvhu Catchment to develop a framework for effective community participation in water quality monitoring and management. Community participation and involvement in development has since the 1970s gathered momentum among the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) fraternity but has never gained clear status with Governments world over. In South Africa the policy and legal frameworks for community consultation, involvement and participation are clearly spelt out on paper starting with the country's constitution. The division of the country into Water Management Areas (WMA) and the formation of Catchment Management Agencies (CMA), Water User Associations (WUAs) for example, was meant to increase participation of stakeholders including communities in the management of water resources. These efforts have not translated into effective participation by local communities in the management of water resources because there is no link between the national water quality management frameworks and community based development structures.

- by Lerato Nare
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- Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Community Development

This is a collaborative work with my colleague at the Department of Communications UII, Muzayin Nazaruddin, and other colleagues outside the academia. This book was published as a lesson learnt and a theoretical reflection of a one-year research-cum-project we conducted as part of a national research grant scheme from the Research and Technology Ministry, Republic of Indonesia (Kemenristek RI) in 2010. The research-cum-project is entitled “Digital Repository Development for Local and Traditional Artworks by Using Community Media, Audio-visual Production, and Open Source Software Applications”. Order and purchase of this book can be made directly to the publisher, Penerbit Komunikasi UII, contact details: Phone: +62-274-898444 ext. 3267 Email: komunikasi@uii.ac.id

- by Zaki Habibi
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- Participatory Media, Community Development, Documentary Photography, Documentary Film

In an economy like Bihar, dependence of population on livestock as an alternative source of income is significant. Acceleration in the availability of livestock to marginal and small farmers can offer significant opportunities for household income augmentation and employment generation in Bihar. In this context, an analysis of performance of livestock sector in Bihar has been carried out. The growth of livestock sector has been found slower in the Bihar than at the national level. The share of Bihar in India's livestock sector income has not changed significantly. Besides, low milk productivity, decline in the Bihar’s share in India's egg and meat sector income is a major factor responsible for insignificant changes in livestock sector of Bihar. Several demand and supply side factors have been identified for the above trends. Availability of health infrastructure, grazing land and immunisation are significantly affecting livestock across the districts of Bihar. The study has also shown policy initiatives for the improvement of livestock sector resources and outcomes of Bihar.

This essay is an observational and evaluative text of a short term socially engaged art workshop and project titled UNSEEN in Kuala Lumpur, 2016, led by a Singapore based artist, Alecia Neo, working with a multidisciplinary team of facilitators with backgrounds in music, theatre and photography and volunteers. This workshop is directed towards engaging visually impaired early adult individuals, commissioned by the social entrepreneurship of Dialogue in the Dark and sponsored by the state funder, the Singapore International Foundation. The analysis is made using the open framework of Art-Led Participative Processes (ALPP) conceptualised as a dynamic of dialogue and participation in engaging the construction of subjectivity within the performances of the self in the everyday. ALPP is discussed through the trans-disciplinary artistic research of artist-curator, Jay Koh, its author. About 70% of this text was published in the documentation Unseen: Constellations as part of the exhibition showing Neo's activities with visually impaired pupils of a secondary school in Singapore.

- by Ifima Jae, Jay Koh
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- Art Theory, Contemporary Art, Community Development, Evaluation
- by Mette Morsing
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- Business, Management, Mathematics, Philosophy

Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice responds to the crises of sustainability in the world today by going back to basics. It makes four major contributions to thinking about and acting upon cities. It provides a means of reflexivity learning about urban sustainability in the process of working practically for positive social development and projected change. It challenges the usually taken-for-granted nature of sustainability practices while providing tools for modifying those practices. It emphasizes the necessity of a holistic and integrated understanding of urban life. Finally it rewrites existing dominant understandings of the social whole such as the triple-bottom line approach that reduces environmental questions to externalities and social questions to background issues. The book is a much-needed practical and conceptual guide for rethinking urban engagement.

- by Paul James and +2
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- Social Theory, Ontology, Social Sciences, Sustainable Production and Consumption

The university town of Freiburg, Germany has a well-deserved reputation as the European capital of environmentalism and sustainable architecture and urban design. The city is perhaps best known for the development of two model sustainable urban districts, Rieselfeld and Vauban, both of which integrate multi-modal transportation linkages, ecological storm water management, low-energy passive solar houses, combined heating and power (CHP) systems, mixed uses (both public and private), local schools and a variety of shops to meet everyday needs, thus reducing greatly the need for private car ownership.

- by Gary Coates
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- Architecture, Photovoltaics, Renewable Energy, Participatory Design

Gaetano: "basta me so' scucciat'… ricomincio da tre!" Lello: "Da zero?!" Gaetano: "Nossignore, da tre! Cioè tre cose me so' riuscite ind'a vita e adda' lassa' pure chelle..."

- by Natasha Primo
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- Business, Information Science, Spatial Analysis, Community Development

… one of the most influential, amateur, arrogant and ignorant documents in the entire history of British broadcast policymaking. It was the Peacock Committee which influenced the Broadcasting Act of 1990 which Peter Kosminsky agrees (Guardian, 5 January 2016, p.29) changed the broadcasting world and ushered in the need to 'maximise profits and led to an almost immediate collapse in ITV programme standards'. Tunstall's book was published in 2015, yet many of the interviews are from 2010 and a more up-to-date analysis of events would have been useful; for example, in his discussion of Craig Oliver, and the section on history and Timewatch, which he finishes after the departure of Laurence Rees. However, an examination of the BBC's recent history of television genres and their role in public service broadcasting is a timely contribution to the debate when the future of the institution is at stake.

- by Donald Hislop
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- Sociology, Law, International Business, Community Development

COVID-19 is a global health threat and an international public health emergency. Right awareness, good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice are one of the central issues to ensure the successful prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in some remote rural areas with difficult living conditions, social media about COVID-19 has not reached them. So, this study aims to present a possible solution to improve their awareness about COVID-19 among ethnic minorities in Gia Lai province, Vietnam. This study was conducted with 674 people in the community from September 1 to December 20, 2021. An intervention design using the stratified communication model and structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge (eight questions), attitudes (three questions), and practice (three questions). Of the total study participants, 64.31% were female and 95% lived in rural areas. The results showed that the poor knowledge, attitude and practice of the before intervention group improved compared to the after intervention and compared with the control group significantly increased with P < 0.05. Therefore, health education programs to improve awareness and raise KAP about COVID-19 are essential, especially for illiterate people, poor people, and a lack of means to communicate.

- by Tri Vien and +1
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- Positive Psychology, Community Development, Ethnic minorities, Vietnam
- by Hannah Rodriguez
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- Rural Sociology, Education, Community Development, Youth Civic Engagement

This paper evaluates critically the third-sector approach that encourages involvement in groups in order to foster community participation in deprived neighbourhoods. Analysing recent government surveys of community participation in the UK, it reveals that a culture of engagement in groups is relatively alien to most people in deprived areas, unlike one-to-one aid that is extensively used.

- by Colin Williams
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- Sociology, Economic Sociology, Poverty, Third Sector

This paper identifies two distinct types of organisational arrangements, which need to be recognised to achieve effective policies and programmes for community engagement. The differences arise from the nature of relationships in the institutional and organisational world, which are primarily vertical hierarchical, as distinct from the informal community world where the relationships are primarily horizontal peer. Lack of attention to these distinctions adversely affects the interaction of the public agencies and the community, and the community’s organisational governance and working arrangements. Using a complexity perspective, the ‘social eco-system dance’ model identifies some issues and new ways of thinking about them and of handling some of the practical challenges. This is leading to a set of managerial and organisational tools to develop new ways of working for policy making, managing, operating and participating in the community engagement process across all the sectors involved.

- by eileen conn
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- Community Resilience, Community Development, Community Organizing, Community Ecology

Canada's federal and provincial governments have called upon the forest industry to ensure protection of Aboriginal rights and include Aboriginal communities in forest management. The challenge is to design frameworks for multi-party cooperation in which multiple values and interests can be accommodated. To promote such cooperation, two research projects focused on establishing mechanisms to apply Aboriginal knowledge to industrial forest management, providing community training and capacity building to facilitate the equitable involvement of Aboriginal communities, and establishing a framework to monitor and evaluate First Nation-industry cooperation. A project involving the Alexis First Nation of Treaty Six, Millar Western Forest Products, and the Sustainable Forest Management Network (SFMN) (University of Alberta) conducted an Aboriginal land use study while training-community members to continue the research; developed an information sharing agreement concerned with access to and use of community knowledge; developed a forestry curriculum and related career education for Alexis high school students; implemented community training and employment programs; and developed a mechanism to monitor the community-industry partnership and resolve conflicts. In the second project, the Little Red River and Tall Cree First Nations and the SFMN identified community attitudes and values regarding forest management, wildlife management, training and employment needs, and protection of subsistence activities and related them to forest management objectives. (SV) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.

- by David Natcher
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- Forestry, Values, Community Development, Land Use

In the Anthropocene complexity, information and technology play a transcendental role in how we relate to our identity, context and otherness. The already widespread AR (Augmented Reality) and VR (Virtual Reality) technologies allow to play, teach, train, or educate, presenting also the potentiality to make people empathize with other realities and to envision healthier social scenarios. With the aim to define the benefits of applying AR/VR technologies to design in vulnerable communities, this research analyses several cases studies, underlying their effects on social interactions. Since contemporary projects of applications to vulnerable communities are limited, this work studied cases applied to (1) vulnerable groups (The Machine to Be Another, Carne y Arena, and Autism Empathy Tools) and (2) local communities (Within, Mondly Lenguages VR, Spatial, Alspace VR). An analytical comparison between these two kinds of applications shows how the application of these technologies can bring to benefits in terms of empathy, identity and alterity applied to several fields of life: works, leisure, education and sociality. Nevertheless, the research’s results are very clear in underlining how is extremely urgent to define a new narrative to efficiently represent the features of a vulnerable community.

- by Emanuele Giorgi
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- Performing Arts, Design, Sustainable Communities, Community Development

This article deals with the role of community-based ecotourism for strengthening human and social capitals as well as for enhancing culture and forest livelihood of riverbank dwellers in the Tapajós region, in central Amazonia. The research was done based on the premise that ecotourism can be a potential avenue for putting in evidence local culture, identity and singular lifestyles as while it can contribute to strengthen the local networks which can result in collective material and immaterial advantages. The analysis examines the hypothesis that outsiders (the tourists) once they travel to and stay with local communities, they become the primary agents who are in a position to perceive the main aspects of values, beliefs and routines as particularities of an Amazonian livelihood. Even though the visitors usually stay a few days in a certain community, they end up paying enough attention to what the locals tell and do. This way, the tourists involuntarily put the locals at the centre of their visit, to the extent the locals start realizing how important their forest lifestyle is. This argument certainly does not aim at validating the "spetacularisation" of forest people, of their environment and of their culture. Instead, the authors are rather interested in the processes through which outsiders can direct or indirectly-as ecotourism participants-contribute to improve the quality of life and to raise self-esteem of riverbank dwellers. Some Amazonian peoples (of remote areas) usually have a feeling of periphery and of marginalization, because they do not take part in the 'developed metropolitan world'. The self-esteem factor gets relevance in an academic debate, because the Amazonian peoples hold a feeling of being periphery and marginal in reason of not being part of a 'developed metropolitan world'; and this may cause adverse effects on their attitude and expectations. The investigation has a qualitative approach in order to produce descriptive data. Open and semi-structured interviews and participant observation were the main methods used for getting information from the riverbank dwellers.

- by ismar lima
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- Geography, Development Studies, Ecotourism, Community Development

Le pluralisme ethno-culturel va-t-il devenir un enjeu politique important au Québec ? L’agenda public n’est-il pas trop encombré par d’autres débats qui s’éternisent et restent malgré tout à l’ordre du jour, tels que la question nationale, la question linguistique, la modernisation, etc. La question du pluralisme peut aussi reprendre en d’autres termes des débats traditionnels. Elle peut également s’avérer incontournable du fait par exemple des assises spatiales de la diversité ethnique et linguistique montréalaise. Mais le constat de sa relative marginalité jusqu’à présent pourrait aussi inspirer un scénario proche du statu quo.

- by Daniel Latouche
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- Community Development, Political Science

The purpose of this article is to stimulate and inform discussion about the community role in sustainable development and to broaden our understanding of the opportunities for sustainable community development activity. It begins with an overview of sustainable development, question-ing its focus on poverty as a major source of environmental degradation, and suggesting instead that both poverty and environmental degradation result largely from wealth. It next examines the concepts of natural capital and social capital, whether (and if so, how) they are linked, and explores their implications for sustainable development at the community level. Chapter 3 examines planning theory and sustainable development, finds that while planning theory is, or should be, relevant to sustainable development, planners concerned with key aspects of sustainable development will have to look to “greener ” pastures for relevant theoretical guidance. Chapter 4 considers the implications for achieving sust...

- by Mark Roseland
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- Economics, Decision Making, Community Development, Sustainable Development

Many intertwined factors contribute to sustainability in the desert settlements of Birdsville and Bedourie. Taking one factor, the commitment to, and achievement of, full employment for all local residents, this paper draws data from a... more

- by Huibin A Chew
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- Social Movements, Community Development, Urban Planning, Social Justice
- by Arvin Panwar
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- Marketing, Tourism Management, Decision Making, Community Development

Community gardens fulfil many roles, including the reclamation of public space, community building, and the facilitation of social and cultural expression. This paper discusses a nexus between research and education for sustainability that evolved out of an examination of the role of community gardens in fostering community development and neighbourhood improvement in Sydney's Waterloo Public Housing Estate. It argues that they are also an educational resource providing a valuable platform for learning about multiple dimensions of sustainability.

- by Linda Corkery
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- Education, Social Work, Environmental Education, Community Development