Nicaragua Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The mosquito Aedes aegypti transmits arboviral diseases at extraordinary rates. Dengue alone afflicts 50 to 100 million people each year, with more than 3 billion at risk globally. This indicates that current approaches to prevention and control are inadequate, and that a paradigm shift from one that largely promotes vertical chemical-based control and vaccine development to one that also concentrates on eliminating the mosquito through actions by the communities it plagues is necessary. We have developed a new social and software platform, DengueChat (denguechat.org), to advance community interventions in arbovirus vector control. It is an interactive platform combining open-source digital communication technologies with face-to-face assemblies. It promotes resident participation in evidence collection, reporting, and analysis, and it incorporates pedagogic information, key messaging, and game concepts to motivate communities to implement vector reduction strategies. Using DengueCh...

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- Digital Technology, Medicine, Software, Citizen Science

Contar con un Sistema de Indicadores para el monitoreo al cumplimiento de Derechos Humanos en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua tiene por finalidad: (i) Contribuir a la recopilación y sistematización de información sobre la realidad de los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes; (ii) Producir evidencias sobre el avance, estancamiento o retroceso en materia de cumplimiento de los derechos humanos de los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes; (iii) Generar evidencia para la incidencia política, es decir, como medio que habilita puentes de diálogo intersectorial y contribuye a la acción conjunta de diversos actores ante los garantes de los derechos humanos.

- by Humberto Abaunza Gutiérrez
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- Derechos Humanos, Nicaragua, Autonomías, Costa Caribe

EL 19 de abril de 2018, para sorpresa de todos, estallaron protestas impulsadas por miles de estudiantes que se manifestaban por una multitud de agravios acumulados. Las movilizaciones rápidamente se transformaron en un rechazo a la forma autoritaria, patrimonial y plutocrática de gobernar por parte de la pareja presidencial. El gobierno respondió con una desproporcionada represión.
La crisis fue inesperada, pero era previsible.

- by Rafael Escamilla and +1
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- Biomechanics, Skeletal muscle biology, Baseball, Australia
- by Ana Vijil and +1
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- Latin American Studies, Gender, Women and Politics, Latin America

El 25 de noviembre de 2013 viajamos de Berlín a Managua para conocer de primera mano la realidad nicaragüense y preparar un proyecto artístico promovido por Oxfam Intermón que será expuesto en Madrid en 2014. Terminamos la lectura del libro "Para un materialismo aleatorio", de Althusser, en el avión de ida a Managua.
Estos dos hechos podrían no haber confluido, pero se dio aleatoriamente el encuentro entre una realidad que se pensaba socialista y la teoría de uno de los más insignes marxistas. El presente relato filosófico constituye la cristalización de ese encuentro.

- by PSJM papers
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- Metaphysics, Political Philosophy, Hermeneutics, Louis Althusser
- by Nour Sirker
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- Emergency Medicine, Public Health, Emergency Medical Services, Humans
- by Oscar Ortega
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- Information Systems, Information Technology, Technology, Information Management
- by Andrej Weintraub and +1
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- Medical Microbiology, Diarrhea, Biological Sciences, Humans

In order to investigate the factors affecting domestic water use in rural areas of developing countries, an analysis was performed of water consumption estimates from 1029 different households in Nicaragua collected between May 1986 and December 1988. Eight of the 22 variables hypothesized to be related to per capita domestic water consumption, were included in the final multiple regression model. These were; household size, site of clothes washing, the type of water source, mother's and father's levels of schooling, distance to the water source, wealth, and ownership of cattle. According to this model, a decrease in the distance to the water source from 1000 to 10 m is associated with an increase in per capita water consumption of 20%. Similarly, families where the mother has 6 years of schooling use 17% more water than families where the mother has had no formal education. The same difference in the father's schooling is associated with 12% greater per capita water con...

- by Anna Gorter
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- Developing Countries, Diarrhea, Water Supply, Humans
- by Iván Molina Jiménez
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- Costa Rica, Psychohistory, Nicaragua, William Walker
- by Ann Senghas
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- Psychology, Sign Language, Cognition, Linguistics
- by Jutta Kister
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- Social Movements, Globalization, Governance, Standards

Camino Verde (the Green Way) is an evidence-based community mobilisation tool for prevention of dengue and other mosquito-borne viral diseases. Its effectiveness was demonstrated in a cluster-randomised controlled trial conducted in 2010-2013 in Nicaragua and Mexico. The Nicaraguan arm of the trial was preceded, from 2004 to 2008, by a feasibility study that provided valuable lessons and trained facilitators for the trial itself. Here, guided by the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR), we describe the Camino Verde intervention in Nicaragua, presenting its rationale, its time and location, activities, materials used, the main actors, modes of delivery, how it was tailored to encourage community engagement, modifications made from the feasibility study to the trial itself, and how fidelity to the process originally designed was maintained. We also present information on costs and discuss the place of this study within the literature on implementation science...

- by Alejandro Belli
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- Community Participation, Dengue Virus, Humans, Child

Este artículo fue publicado originalmente el 4 de Noviembre de 2014 en idioma francés en el sitio digital de Mediapart : https://blogs.mediapart.fr/delphine-lacombe/blog/041114/les-donnees-trompeuses-du-global gender-gap-report
Cuatro años después, el Gender Gap 2018 clasificó a Nicaragua en el quinto lugar detrás de Islandia, Noruega, Suecia, y Finlandia
En una de las asambleas generales de la Organización de los Estados Americanos, dedicada a evaluar la crisis política nicaragüense que estalló en abril del 2018 y que dejó a 325 personas asesinadas por la policía y los grupos paramilitares reclutados por el gobierno, el actual Canciller de la República de Nicaragua, Denis Moncada, se jactó de los buenos resultados del país en términos de política de género, citando el Global Gender Gap Report. Este artículo explica porqué los datos a los cuales el señor canciller se refiere, son inconsistentes. Actualmente, al menos 70 mujeres son presas políticas en Nicaragua.

- by Delphine Lacombe
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- Gender and Development, Nicaragua

Anemia status is frequently assessed in cross-sectional surveys. Recently, the assessment of acute phase proteins (APPs) has become more common, primarily for iron and vitamin A biomarkers. Although the so-called "anemia of infection" has been known for years, the relationship between APPs and anemia has been infrequently presented. To assess the relationship between elevated α₁-acidglycoprotein (AGP) and the prevalence of anemia among preschool children. A nationally representative household-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2003-05 in Nicaragua. Blood samples were collected from preschool children 6 to 59.9 months of age and tested for hemoglobin and AGP. Data were also obtained on sex, weight, height, use of iron supplements, maternal education, and urban or rural status. Among the 1420 children assessed, the overall prevalence of anemia was 20.2% and the prevalence of elevated AGP was 24.0%. Children with elevated AGP had an anemia prevalence of 27.9%, comp...

"Crónicas de la ciudad. Cochones, lirismos, memorias" es un libro que reúne algunos textos de mi autoría producidos entre 2014 y 2018. En este libro exploro la narrativa, la crónica urbana y el ensayo. En este fragmento comparto el... more

- by David J. Rocha Cortez
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- Cultural Studies, Queer Studies, Sexuality, Gender and Sexuality Studies
- by Susan Pereira
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- Adolescent, Tuberculosis, Humans, Nicaragua

This article examines the everyday lives of Nicaraguan immigrants in Costa Rica to understand the temporal aspects of illegality produced by immigration law. Two sets of temporary measures highlight the temporality of both law and illegality. First, frequent legal reform, temporary immigration measures, and the bureaucratic labyrinth of immigration administration create a sense of Costa Rican immigration law as temporary. The ongoing temporary character of law and the forms of immigrant illegality it generates create uncertainty about the boundaries between legality and illegality among migrants in Costa Rica. Second, Nicaraguans in Costa Rica respond to the indeterminacy of the law and their economic and social position in relation to it through their own temporary measures. These measures constitute two forms of waiting: first, immigrants feel " locked up " by the shifting legal and administrative complexities of immigration; and second, they create quasi-legal ways to navigate immigration law during the long process of legalization of their status.

- by Caitlin E. Fouratt
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- Migration, Immigration Law, Illegality (Anthropology), Costa Rica

Nicaraguan Spanish is characterized by the reduction of coda /s/ to glottal
frication, elision, and glottal constriction, but the latter variant has never been
explored in depth. The present study fills this void by analyzing the word-final,
intervocalic /s/ environment in sociolinguistic interviews, reading tasks, and
image identification tasks conducted with 36 Nicaraguans with the goal of
detailing the social patterning of glottal constriction. I find that glottal constriction
patterns like sibilance, a hyperarticulated variant, and a statistical analysis
reveals two distinct hyperarticulation strategies in formal tasks based on age
and education. Given their differing responses to formality, I propose that more
educated and younger speakers with more exposure to prescriptive norms apply
sibilance, a global hyperarticulation strategy, to signal their education and power
on an international scale, while less educated and older speakers utilize glottal
constriction to construct an identity associated with regional articulateness.

El 18 de abril 2018, Nicaragua se sumergió en una de las crisis políticas y sociales más trágicas de su historia contemporánea. La firma de un decreto presidencial que reformaba el Instituto de Seguridad Social, reducía los beneficios de la jubilación y elevaba las contribuciones provocó una ola de protestas que se expandió por todo el país. El descontento devino rápidamente en una insurrección cívica bajo el reclamo de la renuncia presidencial y elecciones anticipadas, esta fue reprimida con enorme violencia. En este artículo se analizan las causas y factores que anuncian esta crisis política. Finalmente, se cuestiona la reacción tardía de la opinión pública internacional a la construcción gradual de un poder dictatorial en Nicaragua iniciada en 2007.

- by Delphine Lacombe
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- Latin American Studies, Nicaragua, Revolución Sandinista, Daniel Ortega

Jennifer Goett's ethnography examines the race and gender politics of activism for autonomous rights in an Afrodescedant Creole community in Nicaragua. Weaving together fifteen years of research, Black Autonomy follows this community-based movement from its inception in the late 1990s to its realization as an autonomous territory in 2009 and beyond. Goett argues that despite significant gains in multicultural recognition, Afro-Nicaraguan Creoles continue to grapple with the day-to-day violence of capitalist intensification, racialized policing, and drug war militarization in their territories. Activists have responded by adopting a politics of autonomy based on race pride, territoriality, self-determination, and self-defense. Black Autonomy shows how this political radicalism is rooted in African diasporic identification and gendered cultural practices that women and men use to assert control over their bodies, labor, and spaces in an atmosphere of violence.

- by Jennifer Goett
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- Social Movements, Latin American Studies, Gender Studies, Multiculturalism

Guía para garantizar la verdad, el acceso a la justicia y la reparación eficaz del daño a las víctimas de graves violaciones a los Derechos Humanos en relación a estándares internacionales 1 Guía para garantizar la verdad, el acceso a la justicia y la reparación eficaz del daño a las víctimas de graves violaciones a los Derechos Humanos en relación con estándares internacionales

- by Felix Maradiaga
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- Human Rights, Transitional Justice, Derechos Humanos, Nicaragua
- by José Espinoza-Delgado
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- Philosophy, Poverty, Pobreza, Nicaragua

La presente publicación se realiza en el marco de la elaboración del Plan de Revitalización del Centro HIstórico de Granada, implementado por la Alcaldía de Granada y el Programa de Preservación del Patrimonio Cultural de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, en coordinación con el Instituto Nicaragüense de Cultura y el Instituto Nicaragüense de Turismo. Contiene la actualización y ampliación del documento "Granada: Bienes Inmuebles Patrimoniales (Catálogo de su Centro HIstórico)" que data de 1996.
Se consideraron, para la catalogación, aquellos inmuebles representativos del urbanismo y de la arquitectura de la ciudad que constituyen un muestrario de piezas singulares por sus valores históricos, arquitectónicos, urbanísticos, constructivos y estilísticos.
En total se incluyen 96 bienes catalogados, a los que se adicionan 24 inmuebles de valor patrimonial, denominados Nivel II, la protección de todos proporcionará garantía para la conservación del patrimonio del conjunto de la Ciudad.

A growing proportion of workers globally work outside the regulated labour market, as self-employed, temporary employees and contractors. All these groups fall outside the ideal definitions of the working class. As such they are not included in the theories that are meant to give workers the powers to better their social position, i.e. Marxism that assumes a relationship between workers and owners. This paper analyzes unionizing strategies in the informal economy using theories of hidden resistance (Scott 1990) and performative opposition to normative marginalization (Butler 1990). The data is based on a two months fieldwork with CTCP - La Confederación de Trabajadores por Cuenta Propia in Nicaragua. CTCP is a union organizing informal workers throughout Nicaragua and is one of the fastest growing organizations in StreetNet , the international federation of trade unions in the informal economy. The fieldwork included extencive (participative) observation of meetings, demonstrations and 47 semi-structured interviews.

- by Julia Loge
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- Trade unionism, Unionization, Informal Economy, Informal Sector

Within the South-South migration framework, this specific case study provides an ethnographic view on the specific border of the Rio San Juan, in Nicaragua. Histories of undocumented migrants going from Nicaragua to Costa Rica are here presented taking into consideration three moments of migrations, namely the before, the crossing and the after. This research will investigate specifically irregular migration of people taking into consideration several relevant notion and academic debates. First of all, this study will present the notion of the right to escape, presented by Mezzadra, which points out that subjective and objective reasons have to be taken into account on migration studies. Secondly, I will analyze the specific Southern border of the Rio San Juan where people have created several blind-points, in order to reach Costa Rica irregularly. An in depth analysis on the border will be presented by presenting migrants journeys and my experience with them. Finally, I will analyze several issues Nicaraguans have to face on the other side of the border, when they live there without legal documents. In particular, the racism issue will be presented with the division normally called the “us and them”. Moreover, there will be an analysis on the academic debates on citizenship, such as the cosmopolitan citizenship and the right to migrate, presented by Vitale as the Ius Migrandi.

- by Roberto Meloni
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- Latin American Studies, Migration, Irregular Migration, Costa Rica

Renewed violence in Nicaragua in the aftermath of the 1980s Contra War is tied to the drug trade, drug war militarization, and the rise of the postwar security state. State sexual violence in an Afro-Nicaraguan community under counternarcotics military occupation vividly demonstrates this linkage. I argue that state sexual violence in this case has served as a mechanism for asserting mestizo state sovereignty in a minoritized security zone. The forms of racial and patriarchal power that enabled the violence permeate the social body and structure political life in Nicaragua, and their diffuse nature has made it difficult for local people to find political redress for the abuses of state power that occurred in their community. Politically engaged feminist ethnography can illuminate the relationship between state security projects, preexisting social hierarchies, and endemic forms of insecurity and violence that remain difficult to politicize in postwar Central America.

- by Jennifer Goett
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- Social Movements, Latin American Studies, Women's Studies, Human Rights
- by Fred Maciel
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- Nicaraguan History, Historia de Centroamérica, Nicaragua, Sandinista Revolution

On my second Alternative Break Trip (ABT) with college students in 1995, I found myself in Honduras troweling cement on cinderblocks of the house " we " were " building " under the supervision of Honduran foremen. A Honduran boy of seven or eight came over to me and shook his finger, signaling that I was doing the troweling incorrectly. He showed me the correct way and then went to the sidelines, where Hondurans from the village were watching the " gringos " work. As I began my work again, I had the epiphany that so many of us have—and went to talk with Sister Marisol,1 the Honduran nun who was organizing the work project. I asked her, " Wouldn't it be more helpful if we just sent you our group's airfare funds? Then Hondurans, who know how to build houses, could build their own houses more quickly and efficiently. " Thus began my questioning of the value of such trips—a questioning that continues to this day. As you will see from what follows, despite serious concerns, I now believe these trips can be transformative for both the in-country community and the students, if they are sensitively conducted. I will lay out my critiques of these trips, the reasons I believe they are still valuable, and a set of best practices that I developed in partnership with Nicaraguan community members with whom I have worked since 1999. Where our students exit the process of a " trip " depends largely on the pedagogy one uses in constructing it. Positioning Myself: Who I Am, Where Am I Located, and the Evolution of My Thinking Currently, I am the director of the Center for Service and Social Justice at Villanova University, a Roman Catholic university close to Philadelphia. I direct a center that organizes most of the weekly service, justice, advocacy, and alternative break experiences on campus. We currently send approximately eight

- by Irene King
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- Human Rights Law, Human Rights, Critical Pedagogy, Immigration Studies
- by Andrés Herrera Rodriguez and +1
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- Adolescent, Humans, Child, Nicaragua
- by Maria Salgado
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- History, Literature, Central American Studies, El Salvador
- by Nicasio Urbina
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- Latin American Studies, Violence, Latin American literature, Novel

The incorporation of Nicaraguan migrants in Costa Rica’s welfare arrangements is polemic, especially because the country’s ‘exceptional’ social policy regime and its flagship healthcare institution are under (financial) pressure, and the principle of universalism is in erosion. In this context, this research analyses the ways in which migration and social policy interact, and migrants’ access to social services, specifically healthcare. It constitutes an important empirical contribution to a public policy debate in the country centred around the idea that Costa Rican health services constitute a welfare magnet for Nicaraguan migration, through which the legitimacy of their claim to health services is questioned. It is argued, however, that there is little empirical foundation for this idea. At the same time, it speaks to larger debates on social exclusion and universalism. It discusses institutional processes of exclusion, in the form of restrictive state reactions to migrant inclusion in the context of the social security crisis. Despite acknowledgement of human rights frameworks, the state finds inventive ways to circumvent these and restricts migrants’ access to healthcare by giving a central role to healthcare institutions in (internal) migration management. This research then argues that such state reactions correlate to negative perceptions of migration, migrant incidence and the legitimacy of migrant healthcare demands of officials of crucial institutions for migrant inclusion. However, such perceptions are not backed by empirical data. Finally, the research strongly argues the need to go beyond the recognition of formal social rights and look at the extent and ways in which migrants actually access social services. Based on focus group discussion with migrants and primary survey data, this document contains an elaborate discussion of the factors that determine mi-grants’ access to public health insurance, health services and medicine. The findings suggest that regularization is a necessary, but insufficient, condition for social integration, thereby questioning the state’s limited understanding of integration, which focuses exclusively on the regularization of ‘illegal’ migrants. More importantly, however, it shows that universalism in social policy does not apply equally to nationals and migrants, and is in fact, stratified.

- by Koen Voorend
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- Migration, Public Health Policy, International Migration, Social Exclusion

Food insecurity, the lack of consistent access to sufficient quality and quantity of food, affects an estimated 800 million people around the world. Although household food insecurity is generally associated with poor child nutrition and health in the USA, we know less about household food insecurity and child health in developing countries. Particularly lacking is research assessing how associations between household food insecurity and children's health outcomes may differ by child age and among children beyond age 5 years in low-income settings. We use data from a population-based sample of households with children ages 3–11 years (N = 431) in León, Nicaragua to consider how household food insecurity is associated with three measures of child health: illness, anaemia and low height-forage. Our results provide new evidence that even mild household food insecurity is detrimental to children's health; and that child age conditions the associations between household food insecurity and child health. We find that food insecurity is especially harmful to health during early childhood, but continues to have significant associations with health into middle childhood (up to ages 7–8 years). We discuss the potential implications of these results for future child health research and policies in low-income countries.

- by Barbara Piperata and +2
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- Child health, Food Security and Insecurity, Food Security, Nicaragua
- by Anna Peterson
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- Theology, Latin American politics, Liberation Theology, Nicaragua

XXVI PREMIO REINA SOFÍA DE POESÍA IBEROAMERICANA. EDICIÓN Y ESTUDIO INTRODUCTORIO

The main purpose of this article is to present the maritime delimitation dispute in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean between Costa Rica and Nicaragua, submitted before the International Court of Justice in 2014. Hence, the full delimitation processes (including the three-stage methodology currently applicable in delimitation processes by international courts and tribunals) will be explained in this article. Due to the complexity of the dispute between both neighboring countries, spanning the Central American isthmus, involving delimitation in two bodies of water (namely in the Pacific and Caribbean), both delimitations have been analyzed separately. Additionally, brief considerations concerning the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea in Hamburg are presented.

- by Barbara Stepien
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- Law of the Sea, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Maritime Boundary Delimitation

Domestic violence is the predominant form of violence against women in most countries in Africa and Latin America. Scholars have theorized the adoption of domestic violence laws and policies in both regions. However, policy implementation is understudied and under theorized. Therefore, we compare how international organizations and women’s nongovernmental organizations have influenced the implementation of domestic violence policies by police officers in Liberia and Nicaragua. We introduce the concept of the transnational implementation process and describe how international organizations and women’s organizations have employed training, institutional and policy restructuring, and monitoring to influence police behavior at the street level. The effects of these strategies have been conditional on the political environment. We identify two patterns of international and domestic influence on street-level implementation: internationally led and domestically supported implementation in Liberia, with domestically led and internationally supported implementation in Nicaragua.

- by Peace A. Medie
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- Social Movements, Gender Studies, Domestic Violence, International organizations
- by Marie Juárez
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- Latin American Studies, Cuban Studies, Communism, Chile