PVC Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Este trabalho teve como propósito avaliar um aquecedor solar de baixo custo para que pudesse servir como método alternativo na obtenção de água quente nas torneiras e chuveiros das residências e ainda reduzir custos com energia elétrica.... more
Este trabalho teve como propósito avaliar um aquecedor solar de baixo custo para que pudesse servir como método alternativo na obtenção de água quente nas torneiras e chuveiros das residências e ainda reduzir custos com energia elétrica. Diferente do aquecedor convencional de cobre e vidro, o aquecedor solar de baixo custo tem seu sistema basicamente inteiro de PVC o que o torna financeiramente mais viável e sua instalação muito mais econômica, chegando a ser até 5 vezes mais barata. Contudo, durante 1 (um) ano observou-se o comportamento deste e de vários coletores quanto à eficiência de absorção solar e geração de água quente para a Região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. De início, com base em estudos anteriores, foi desenvolvido um protótipo e coletada diversas medidas da temperatura da água. Assim pode-se deduzir um máximo rendimento para o material, PVC, já que em elevada temperatura poderia levá-lo a uma possível deformação, e, até não aquecer a água na temperatura adequada caso houvesse pouca absorção de radiação solar. Os dados coletados serviram para dimensionar o sistema coletor/reservatório, e assim foram coletados valores de inclinação, temperatura e armazenamento de água aproximados do rendimento máximo. Após os dimensionamentos e a coleta de novos dados, constatou-se um ótimo rendimento do sistema, que alcançou ganho médio de 14°C, com coletor operando com inclinação de 30°, concluindo sua viabilidade na região devido à alta incidência de radiação solar.
- by and +1
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- PVC, Eficiência, Residências, Aquecedor Solar
— Mechanical and thermo-analytical analysis carried out on the composites. In order to determine the relationships between structure and properties of composite, it is necessary to carry out different measurements. The tests were: tensile... more
— Mechanical and thermo-analytical analysis carried out on the composites. In order to determine the relationships between structure and properties of composite, it is necessary to carry out different measurements. The tests were: tensile test, hardness test, thermal conductivity SEM, DSC and DMA. The results showed that the mixtures were inhomogeneous. The tensile and hardness test resulted that the composite has stronger structure and an increase in the strength values. From the thermo-analytical analysis the corn cob additive effect in the composite structure can be observed. The result of the DMA shows that the additive works as inactive filler, and does not change the glass transition temperature of the rigid PVC foam.
Utilización del ácido aconítico extraído del citrato de calcio proveniente de la melaza de caña de azúcar como plastificante en la producción de PVC
- by Mario Ramos
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- PVC
A simplified technique for prediction of pressure distribution, velocity profiles, torque, and power requirements for the calendering of power-law fluids is presented. The technique assumes isothermal conditions, is based on the... more
A simplified technique for prediction of pressure distribution, velocity profiles, torque, and power requirements for the calendering of power-law fluids is presented. The technique assumes isothermal conditions, is based on the lubrication approximation and Gaskell's analysis, and uses melt flow index as the only temperature-dependent resin parameter for the prediction. The predictions are found to compare favorably with those made by Vlachopoulos and Hrymak for rigid PVC.
The Cost as well as the time taken by the construction work has always attracted attention of Civil Engineers to be supplemented by some cheaper and fast settling construction material. This paper focuses the advantages of using Concrete... more
The Cost as well as the time taken by the construction work has always attracted attention of Civil Engineers to be supplemented by some cheaper and fast settling construction material. This paper focuses the advantages of using Concrete canvas or Concrete cloth for Rapid and fast construction of structures like canals and many other which are made for temporary purpose. In the paper the engineering properties of the material is also discussed. This material being ceramic is fire resistant as well as water proof.
Coating and lamination are the finish process designed to add or improve specific properties of fabric and it depends on the polymer used and its recipe and also nature of substrate. The polymers used for coating comes in various nature... more
Coating and lamination are the finish process designed to add or improve specific properties of fabric and it depends on the polymer used and its recipe and also nature of substrate. The polymers used for coating comes in various nature from rigid to flexible according to the requirement. In this project work the polymers used were Thermoplastic polyurethane and poly vinyl chloride and were applied on polyester fabric by hot melt extrusion. Results were investigated for tear strength, Abrasion resistance and flexural rigidity keeping in mind fabrics application. Results suggest that TPU have more tear strength than PVC, also TPU is more abrasion resistant than PVC and more data are shown in the work.
Modern Turkey's urbanization is characterized by the expansion of the city from the historical core to the periphery, with the incessant internal migration from rural to urban in the middle of the twentieth century. During this irregular... more
Modern Turkey's urbanization is characterized by the expansion of the city from the historical core to the periphery, with the incessant internal migration from rural to urban in the middle of the twentieth century. During this irregular expansion, the houses –known as gecekondu in the common literature– built by the immigrants with their own financial resources and labor, also created a certain spatial subculture that will be inherited into the future. In the later stages of urbanization, when gecekondus turn into apartments, it is possible to follow the traces of this specific subculture through details such as space economy, functional preferences and construction material use.
PVC door and window frames are one of the most striking examples of these materials. This plastic construction material, commonly called as "Pimapen" by the people, seems to have left its mark on the existing Turkish cities. It can be said that this building material is in high demand throughout the country due to the economy it provides, its cheapness/easy accessibility and its flexibility in redefining spatial boundaries. This study, which aims to take a closer look at the phenomenon of covering apartment balconies with this material, will revolve around the hot topics of society and culture.
Keywords: Turkey’s urbanization, migration, gecekondu, balcony, covered balcony, redefining space, function vs form, subculture, balcony culture, PVC, Pimapen
- by Ramazan Oruç
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- Privacy, Subcultures, Migration, Gender
The extraordinary growth in the use of plastics in the last century is in response to a growing world population, with its increasing demands for more food, better health care, improved housing and numerous cheaper and abundant consumer... more
The extraordinary growth in the use of plastics in the last century is in response to a growing world population, with its increasing demands for more food, better health care, improved housing and numerous cheaper and abundant consumer products. What is expected of the chemical industry in the 21st century is to produce plastics while being aware of the environment, by reducing waste production, reducing the consumption of materials, reducing the demand for energy, reducing the use of non-renewable resources, and reducing risks, hazards and costs. Use of polymer blends and composites provides a very versatile strategy for designing new materials that fulfil these 'green' requirements: Lower costs without sacrificing properties Ability to tailor properties without creation of completely new polymer High performance blend from synergistically interacting polymers Recycling industrial and/or municipal scrap
- by Daniela RUSU and +2
- •
- Polymer Blends, polymer science and Engineering, PVC, PVC Properties
TỔNG QUAN VỀ SẢN XUẤT ỐNG U-PVC 1. Bột PVC Sự tiến bộ về công nghệ trên thế giới hiện nay đã dẫn đến việc sử dụng polyvinyl clorua (PVC) hầu như trong tất cả các ngành công nghiệp và trong cuộc sống. Sự ra đời của polyvinyl clorua (PVC)... more
TỔNG QUAN VỀ SẢN XUẤT ỐNG U-PVC 1. Bột PVC Sự tiến bộ về công nghệ trên thế giới hiện nay đã dẫn đến việc sử dụng polyvinyl clorua (PVC) hầu như trong tất cả các ngành công nghiệp và trong cuộc sống. Sự ra đời của polyvinyl clorua (PVC) trong sản xuất đường ống là một phát kiến vĩ đại trong vận chuyển nước mà không sợ bị ngộ độc chì gây ra bởi ống dẫn tráng chì được sử dụng trong vận chuyển nước uống trước đây. Polyvinyl clorua (PVC) cũng được sử dụng trong cáp điện và vỏ thiết bị điện. Các loại đồ chơi, ván lát sàn, giầy, vỏ điện thoại và một số loại quần áo đặc biệt đều được làm bằng các sản phẩm polyvinyl clorua (PVC). Nhựa Polyvinyl clorua, thường được viết tắt bằng PVC, là một polymer nhiệt dẻo với cấu trúc mạch thẳng tương tự như polyethylene trong đó nguyên tử hydrogens của nó được thay thế bằng một nguyên tử clorua. Cấu trúc hóa học của PVC Nhựa PVC thường trong suốt và có màu xanh nhạt. Dễ bị tác động bởi dung môi hữu cơ nhưng có khả năng kháng dầu tốt và có tính thẩm thấu khí thấp. Nhựa Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nguyên sinh không có khả năng gia công do độ ổn định nhiệt và độ nhớt cao. Các vật liệu được gọi là chất phụ gia cần phải được thêm vào dưới các hình thức khác nhau để cải thiện tính chất vật liệu. Độ bền vật liệu phải được ưu tiên tối đa trong quá trình sản xuất, để kéo dài tuổi thọ dài trong quá trình áp dụng. Do hiệu quả về chi phí thấp, nên nhựa PVC là loại vật liệu được sử dụng nhiều thứ hai sau polyethylene (PE). Trên thị thường có sẵn nhiều loại nhựa polyvinyl clorua (PVC) và chất lượng khác nhau. Chất lượng phụ thuộc vào chất phụ gia được pha trộn trong quá trình sản xuất, sử
- by Le Cao Chien
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- PVC
Novel lightweight and highly thermal insulative aerogel-doped poly(vinyl chloride)-coated fabric composites were prepared on woven fabrics made of polyester fibres using knife coating method, and their performances were compared with neat... more
Novel lightweight and highly thermal insulative aerogel-doped poly(vinyl chloride)-coated fabric composites were prepared on woven fabrics made of polyester fibres using knife coating method, and their performances were compared with neat composite. The composites were prepared by incorporating a commercial aerogel to a ‘green’ poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastisol. The effect of aerogel-content, thermal insulating property, thermal degradation, surface characteristics, tensile and physical properties of the composites were investigated. Results revealed that aerogel could reduce thermal conductivity, density and hydrophilicity of the composites dramatically without significant decrease in other properties. Experimental results showed that thermal insulation properties were enhanced by ∼26% (from 205 to 152 mW/m-K), density decreased by ∼17% (from 1.132 to 0.941 g/cm3) and hydrophobicity increased by 16.4% (from 76.02 to 88.67 ± 1.48°) with respect to the unmodified coated fabric. An...
- by Evi Handayani
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- PVC
Polimerik nanokompozitlerde takviye malzemesi olarak genellikle kil kullanılmaktadır. Kil, tabakalı yapısı, doğada bol miktarda ve ucuz olarak bulunabilmesi gibi avantajlarından dolayı çok tercih edilmektedir. Nanokompozitlerin önemli... more
Polimerik nanokompozitlerde takviye malzemesi olarak genellikle kil kullanılmaktadır. Kil, tabakalı yapısı, doğada bol miktarda ve ucuz olarak bulunabilmesi gibi avantajlarından dolayı çok tercih edilmektedir. Nanokompozitlerin önemli avantajlarından birisi de nano boyutlu inorganik katkı malzemelerinin farklı sıcaklıklarda ve uzun zamanlı kullanımda önemli oranda boyutunu değiştirmemesi ve ısıl kararlı olmasıdır. Bu çalışmada polivinil klorür PVC-kil nanokompozitlerin ısıl ve mekanik kararlılığına farklı sıcaklıklarda kil miktarının etkisi incelenmiştir. Bunun için hazırlanan PVC-kil nanokompozit filmlerine belli sürelerle (0-360 dakika) ve 160 0C sıcaklıklarda ısıl işlem uygulanmıştır. Filmlerin ısıl kararlılığı kütle kaybı ile mekanik özelliklerindeki değişimleri çekme testi uygulanarak izlenmiştir. Plastikleştiricinin göçü Fick yasasına göre difüzyon katsayısı hesabı ile bulunmuştur. Kil miktarının artmasıyla plastikleştiricinin hava difüzyon katsayısı değerlerinde önce artış sonra azalma gözlenmiştir. Kil miktarının artması Elastiklik modülünü arttırarak malzemenin daha kırılgan olmasını sağlamıştır. Deneysel çalışmalarda farklı şekillerde hazırlanan dört film kullanılmış, bu filmlerin ısıl kararlılığı ağırlık kaybı ile, mekanik özellikleri çekme testi uygulanarak izlenmiştir. Plastikleştiricinin göçü difüzyon katsayısı hesabı ile bulunmuştur. Ağırlık kaybının yalnızca plastikleştirici göçünden kaynaklandığı varsayılmıştır.
The goal of the paper is to investigate mechanical properties of hot air welded PVC plastics for different process parameter .Hot air welding technique is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining during last... more
The goal of the paper is to
investigate mechanical properties of hot air welded
PVC plastics for different process parameter .Hot
air welding technique is considered to be the most
significant development in metal joining during
last decade. In the present work an effort has been
made to join the PVC plastics by hot air welding
technique the effects of critical process parameters
on mechanical properties i.e. tensile and impact
strength of hot air welded PVC plastics have been
studied. Three process parameters i.e. Mass flow
rate of hot air, current and weld speed were taken
as process variables are varied at two levels as
higher level and lower level. Higher tensile
strength can be achieved at higher current and
also study the hard plastics PVC material
properties for better impact and tensile strength.
The aim of this paper is to encourage understanding and preservation of twentieth and twenty-first century fashion. It considers the use of plastics by three influential designers of modern and contemporary Western fashion and the... more
The aim of this paper is to encourage understanding and preservation of twentieth and twenty-first century fashion. It considers the use of plastics by three influential designers of modern and contemporary Western fashion and the challenge of preserving both the plastics and the designers’ intent. Focussing on pieces from The Costume
Institute (The Metropolitan Museum, New York) by three influential fashion designers, Elsa Schiaparelli, Beth Levine and Rei Kawakubo, the paper explores the challenges of conserving their work in its design, material and construction. Each designer responded differently
to the then newly available plastic polymeric materials used to create their visionary designs. Instrumental analysis, using micro-FTIR, Py-GC/MS and EGA-MS, helped to identify the plastics and to predict longer-term changes. Concerns about ephemerality and temporality are shared by both innovative fashion and conservation.
Disconnection between preserving the designs, in the form of museum artefacts, and each designer’s intent, as manifested in the original relationships and processes used to materialise that intent, is examined to understand whether and how ‘designer intent’ can be preserved or represented. The works of Schiaparelli, Levine and
Kawakubo provide comparative case studies to explore the challenges of conservation and representation and to inform the development of a theory of ‘fashion conservation’.
- by Salah Mhrous
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- Physics, Materials Science, Chemistry, PVC
Tuberías para la conducción de fluidos a presión: Fabricadas de acuerdo a la Norma Técnica Peruana NTP ISO 1452 - 2 - 2011 Tubos y conexiones de Policloruro de Vinilo no plastificado (PVC-U) para el abastecimiento de agua, drenaje y... more
Tuberías para la conducción de fluidos a presión: Fabricadas de acuerdo a la Norma Técnica Peruana NTP ISO 1452 - 2 - 2011 Tubos y conexiones de Policloruro de Vinilo no plastificado (PVC-U) para el abastecimiento de agua, drenaje y alcantarillado, enterrado o aéreo con presión.
Thermal stabilizers such as lead, a toxic heavy metal, are incorporated in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which is thermally unstable. Due to environmental concerns, organic thermal stabilizers like squash seed oil were used in the study.... more
Thermal stabilizers such as lead, a toxic heavy metal, are incorporated in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which is thermally unstable. Due to environmental concerns, organic thermal stabilizers like squash seed oil were used in the study. Squash seed oil was extracted using improvised distillation. Two PVC flat sheet samples, with and without thermal stabilizers, were fabricated through incorporation of squash seed oil. Physical characterization, lead content determination, and thermal characterization were performed. Physical characterizations on the PVC samples were done by exposing the two samples in high temperatures. Yellowish brown stains formed in both PVC samples indicated that certain areas degraded due to long heat exposures. Absence of lead in the degraded samples was confirmed through US EPA Method 3050B, thus indicating nontoxicity of both the thermally stabilized and unstabilized PVCs. Thermal characterization was done through the improvisation of Differential Scanning Calorimeter. Results showed that the fabricated PVC was able to resist heat significantly longer by 168 seconds, compared to the unstabilized PVC by 81 seconds. Squash seed oil improved the thermal stability of PVC, therefore having the ability to replace the toxic thermal stabilizers.
- by Pravin P Pawar
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- Materials Science, FTIR, PVC
Dalam bidang olahraga tertentu material tradisional tetap bertahan dan hanya sedikit mengalami perubahan material, topik-topik yang dibahas mencakup teknik percetakan-polimer yang revolusioner. Busur panah mengalami berbagai macam... more
A series of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN) of polyurethane (PU) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been obtained by prepolymer method and characterised by FTIR; morphological features were examined by SEM–EDS. It has... more
A series of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN) of polyurethane (PU) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been obtained by prepolymer method and characterised by FTIR; morphological features were examined by SEM–EDS. It has been found that PVC spherical aggregates are dispersed in the PU matrix, but Cl atoms location indicates partial miscibility of both polymers at the interphase which is probably due to hydrogen bonding and/or dipole–dipole interactions. The PVC component influences the phase behaviour of PU’s hard segments, as evidenced by DSC results. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) reveals a complex, multi-step decomposition process with the main mass loss at 503–693 K, while the DTG maxima are located between 540 and 602 K.
The three-dimensional Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (3D-SVET) has been used to investigate the effects of forming and UV irradiation on model plasticized PVC coatings and specifically the influence on the barrier properties of... more
The three-dimensional Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (3D-SVET) has been used to investigate the effects of forming and UV irradiation on model plasticized PVC coatings and specifically the influence on the barrier properties of the coating. In addition, an industrially produced coating that had undergone outdoor exposure (for approximately seventeen years) was analyzed as a comparison. Results from the investigation show a significant correlation between the corrosion observed on the model samples when compared to the naturally weathered material.
Poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane) [PVC/PCL/(PCL-b-PDMS)] blends were prepared by solvent casting from tetrahydrofuran. The content of PVC was kept constant (60 wt%); the PCL and... more
Poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane) [PVC/PCL/(PCL-b-PDMS)] blends were prepared by solvent casting from tetrahydrofuran. The content of PVC was kept constant (60 wt%); the PCL and PCL-b-PDMS contents were varied by replacing different amounts of PCL [0–20 wt% from the PVC/PCL (60/40) blend] with PCL-b-PDMS copolymer having different molecular weights of the PCL blocks. The thermal properties of prepared blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry in order to analyse miscibility (through glass transition temperature) and crystallinity. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses show that the PVC/PCL/PCL-b-PDMS blends are multi-phase materials which contain a PVC plasticized with PCL phase, a block copolymer PCL-b-PDMS phase (with crystalline and amorphous PCL and PDMS domains) and a PCL phase (preponderantly crystalline).
- by Daniela RUSU and +1
- •
- Biomaterials, Polymers, Polymer Blends, Block Copolymer
Introduction and Context The transformation of higher education over the last thirty years has had profound consequences for university management. As the scale and complexity of the management challenge grows, so does the need to appoint... more
Introduction and Context The transformation of higher education over the last thirty years has had profound consequences for university management. As the scale and complexity of the management challenge grows, so does the need to appoint the best people to university executive teams. However, despite being identified as an important policy issue (Deem 2000), there is little documented research on the recruitment and selection of executive team members in the UK and it has been recognised that this is an area worthy of further investigation (Middlehurst 2004). The relatively little empirical work undertaken to date has focused on vice chancellors (for example, Bargh et al 2000) and, although PVCs fulfil a distinctive and vital management role – as well as forming the main recruitment pool from which future vice chancellors will be selected they remain an under-researched and under-theorised group (Smith, Adams and Mount 2007).
This work mainly focused on the near-exit region of a round isothermal free swirling jet to characterize the effect of swirl on the flow field and to identify large coherent structures. 3C-2D PIV was employed to capture the instantaneous... more
This work mainly focused on the near-exit region of a round isothermal free swirling jet to characterize the effect of
swirl on the flow field and to identify large coherent structures. 3C-2D PIV was employed to capture the
instantaneous flow field close to the nozzle exit for non-swirling (S=0) and a high swirling jets (S=1.26) both with a
Reynolds number of 21800. At swirl level of 1.26 the pressure fluctuations measured by a capacitive microphone
indicate the existence of periodic instability, the so called precessing vortex core (PVC). A three-component proper
orthogonal decomposition (POD) applied to the instantaneous velocity fields allow to identify the dominant flow
structure associated to the PVC. The time coefficients of the two first most energetic POD modes were used to
reconstruct the phase of the oscillatory motion in the swirling flow. The phase information was then used to
conditionally average the instantaneous velocity field s, this allowed the 3D structure of the PVC to be reconstructed.
The instantaneous minima of negative swirling strength values calculated from the instantaneous velocity field
revealed the presence of two helical structures located in the inner and outer shear layers. By phase averaging the
instantaneous swirling strength maps, the 3D helical vortex structure was reconstructed . The two co-winding
counter-rotating helical structure fade out at an axial location of approximately z/ D = 1.5. The findings evidence
that the combined application of PIV, POD and frequency analysis using capacitive microphone can provide
detailed observations of coherent fluctuations ind uced by vortex precession.
A 3C-2D PIV technique was applied to investigate the swirling flow generated by an axial plus tangential type swirl generator. This work is focused on the near-exit region of an isothermal swirling jet to characterize the effect of swirl... more
A 3C-2D PIV technique was applied to investigate the
swirling flow generated by an axial plus tangential type swirl
generator. This work is focused on the near-exit region of an
isothermal swirling jet to characterize the effect of swirl on the flow
field and to identify the large coherent structures both in unconfined
and confined conditions for geometrical swirl number, Sg = 4.6.
Effects of the Reynolds number on the flow structure were also
studied. The experimental results show significant effects of the
confinement on the mean velocity fields and its fluctuations. The size
of the recirculation zone was significantly enlarged upon confinement
compared to the free swirling jet. Increasing in the Reynolds number
further enhanced the recirculation zone. The frequency characteristics
have been measured with a capacitive microphone which indicates
the presence of periodic oscillation related to the existence of
precessing vortex core, PVC. Proper orthogonal decomposition of the
jet velocity field was carried out, enabling the identification of
coherent structures. The time coefficients of the first two most
energetic POD modes were used to reconstruct the phase-averaged
velocity field of the oscillatory motion in the swirling flow. The
instantaneous minima of negative swirl strength values calculated
from the instantaneous velocity field revealed the presence of two
helical structures located in the inner and outer shear layers and this
structure fade out at an axial location of approximately z/D = 1.5 for
unconfined case and z/D = 1.2 for confined case. By phase averaging
the instantaneous swirling strength maps, the 3D helical vortex
structure was reconstructed.
- by Ana Cruz
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- Reproduction, Dispersion, Ringing, PVC
- by Simo Hostikka
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- Modeling, Pyrolysis, Cables, Experiments
- by irwan dardana
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- PVC
The foaming of PVC-VA (Poly (Vinyl Chloride-co-Vinyl Acetate)) plastisols is a complex combination of processes involving the simultaneous curing of the paste with the evolution of gases caused by the decomposition of the chemical blowing... more
- by Agnes Zoller
- •
- PVC, Foaming, ARES, Eastman 168
The evolution of complex viscosity of pastes of PVC-VA (poly-vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer) plasticized with twenty different commercial plasticizers has been studied. The knowledge of the rheological behavior of the formulations... more
- by Agnes Zoller
- •
- Fusion, PVC, Gelation, Plasticizer Effect
Today's stocks are tomorrow's emissions and waste flows. As a result of the time lag introduced by the buffering function of the stock of materials and products in society environmental problem flows which seem to be under... more
Today's stocks are tomorrow's emissions and waste flows. As a result of the time lag introduced by the buffering function of the stock of materials and products in society environmental problem flows which seem to be under control can easily rebound. In this paper an example is ...
Four novel antimicrobial maleimido phenyl thiourea stabilizers 1-4 were synthesized from N[4-(chlorocarbonyl) phenyl] maleimide with phenyl thiourea and its derivatives (p-methyl, o-chloro and pcarboxy). The effect of mixing maleimido... more
Four novel antimicrobial maleimido phenyl thiourea stabilizers 1-4 were synthesized from N[4-(chlorocarbonyl) phenyl] maleimide with phenyl thiourea and its derivatives (p-methyl, o-chloro and pcarboxy). The effect of mixing maleimido phenyl thiourea stabilizer 2 with each of the reference stabilizers: dibasic lead carbonate (DBLC), cadmium-barium-zinc stearate (Cd-Ba-Zn stearate) or n-octyltin mercaptide (n-OTM) on the stabilization efficiency against thermal degradation of rigid PVC at 180C, in air, has been investigated. Mixing was effected in the range of 0-100 wt% of stabilizer 2 relative to each of the reference stabilizers. The stabilizing efficiency was evaluated by measuring the length of the thermal stability period (Ts), the period during which no detectable amounts of hydrogen chloride gas could be observed, and also from the rate of dehydrochlorination as measured by continuous potentiometric determination on the one hand, and the extent of discoloration of the degraded...
This paper presents a new method to analyze three specific heart diseases namely Atrial Premature Beat (APB), Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) and Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC). The problem is introduced from the discussion of... more
This paper presents a new method to analyze three specific heart diseases namely Atrial Premature Beat (APB), Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) and Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC). The problem is introduced from the discussion of Fractal Dimension. Further, the fractal dimension is used to distinguish between the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals of healthy person and persons with PVC, LBBB and APB from the raw ECG data. The work done in this paper can be divided into few steps. First step is the determination of the rescaled range of an ECG signal. Then there comes the necessity of calculating the slope of the rescaled range curve. Through this methodology we have established a range of fractal dimension for healthy person and persons with various heart diseases. The way towards determining the range of fractal dimension for those ECG data taken from MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database has been explained. Again, the obtained range of fractal dimension is also presented here in a tabula...