Physical Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Photostructural defects resulting from exposure to intense near-infrared femtosecond radiation is studied in three a-SiO 2 glasses with different impurity levels. The photoinduced defects are studied by UV absorption spectroscopy and are... more

Photostructural defects resulting from exposure to intense near-infrared femtosecond radiation is studied in three a-SiO 2 glasses with different impurity levels. The photoinduced defects are studied by UV absorption spectroscopy and are correlated to the structural modifications in the glass matrix through Raman spectroscopy. Information in the dynamics of the defect generation is revealed by the small photon energy of IR femtosecond laser radiation.

Research has demonstrated that adolescents who actively commute have higher levels of physical activity (PA), which have declined precipitously over the past 30 years. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of active... more

Research has demonstrated that adolescents who actively commute have higher levels of physical activity (PA), which have declined precipitously over the past 30 years. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of active commuting to school; and to identify barriers associated with active commuting. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1672 students (46.8% boys and 53.2% girls) from 11 to 17 years of age in Caxias do Sul/RS, Brazil. The students were asked to answer questionnaires about active transport, PA, and sedentary behaviors. They also completed a cardiovascular fitness test and body composition measurements. The study used a multivariate Poisson regression analysis. A total of 62.5% of students were observed to actively commute and the prevalence ratio (PR) of not actively commuting was associated with the type of school (Private: 2.41; 1.47, 3.95) and the time spent on commuting (>20 min: 1.93; 1.23, 3.03). The associated barriers to passive commuting...

The original Clinical Research Agenda served an admirable and pragmatic purpose. It was shared with a number of funding agencies, including the Foundation for Physical Therapy and various institutes and centers at the National Institutes... more

The original Clinical Research Agenda served an admirable and pragmatic purpose. It was shared with a number of funding agencies, including the Foundation for Physical Therapy and various institutes and centers at the National Institutes of Health. The Clinical Research Agenda also likely spurred junior investigators to design studies to answer those questions that were included. In all candor, there was never any formal evaluation of the Clinical Research Agenda. However, over time, the original Clinical Research Agenda became less relevant as science substantially changed and expanded during the 10-year period subsequent to its adoption. The revision is a result of the rapid changes in health care, and especially the rehabilitation environment, during the period of time subsequent to the creation of the Clinical Research Agenda.

Decoherence may significantly affect the polarization state of optical pulses propagating in dispersive media because of the unavoidable presence of more than a single frequency in the envelope of the pulse. Here we report on the... more

Decoherence may significantly affect the polarization state of optical pulses propagating in dispersive media because of the unavoidable presence of more than a single frequency in the envelope of the pulse. Here we report on the suppression of polarization decoherence in a ring cavity obtained by properly retooling for photonic qubits the "bang-bang" protection technique already employed for nuclear spins and nuclear-quadrupole qubits. Our results show that bang-bang control can be profitably extended to quantum information processes involving flying polarization qubits.

The de Haas-van Alphen effect was observed in the underdoped cuprate YBa2Cu3O6.5 via a torque technique in pulsed magnetic fields up to 59 T. Above a field of approximately 30 T the magnetization exhibits clear quantum oscillations with a... more

The de Haas-van Alphen effect was observed in the underdoped cuprate YBa2Cu3O6.5 via a torque technique in pulsed magnetic fields up to 59 T. Above a field of approximately 30 T the magnetization exhibits clear quantum oscillations with a single frequency of 540 T and a cyclotron mass of 1.76 times the free electron mass, in excellent agreement with previously observed Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. The oscillations obey the standard Lifshitz-Kosevich formula of Fermi-liquid theory. This thermodynamic observation of quantum oscillations confirms the existence of a well-defined, closed, and coherent, Fermi surface in the pseudogap phase of cuprates.

Background. High-intensity resistance training plays an essential role in the prevention and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries and disorders. Although resistance exercises with heavy weights yield high levels of muscle... more

Background. High-intensity resistance training plays an essential role in the prevention and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries and disorders. Although resistance exercises with heavy weights yield high levels of muscle activation, the efficacy of more user-friendly forms of exercise needs to be examined. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate muscle activation and per-ceived loading during upper-extremity resistance exercises with dumbbells com-pared with elastic tubing. Design. A single-group, repeated-measures study design was used. Setting. Exercise evaluation was conducted in a laboratory setting. Participants. Sixteen female workers (aged 26–55 years) without serious mus-culoskeletal diseases and with a mean neck and shoulder pain intensity of 7.8 on a 100-mm visual analog scale participated in the study. Measurements. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was measured in 5 selected muscles during the exercises of lateral raise, wrist extension, and shoulder ex...

Elevated hemoglobin concentrations have been reported for high-altitude sojourners and Andean high-altitude natives since early in the 20th century. Thus, reports that have appeared since the 1970s describing relatively low hemoglobin... more

Elevated hemoglobin concentrations have been reported for high-altitude sojourners and Andean high-altitude natives since early in the 20th century. Thus, reports that have appeared since the 1970s describing relatively low hemoglobin concentration among Tibetan high-altitude natives were unexpected. These suggested a hypothesis of population differences in hematological response to high-altitude hypoxia. A case of quantitatively different responses to one environmental stress would offer an opportunity to study the broad evolutionary question of the origin of adaptations. However, many factors may confound population comparisons. The present study was designed to test the null hypothesis of no difference in mean hemoglobin concentration of Tibetan and Aymara native residents at 3,800-4,065 meters by using healthy samples that were screened for iron deficiency, abnormal hemoglobins, and thalassemias, recruited and assessed using the same techniques. The hypothesis was rejected, because Tibetan males had a significantly lower mean hemoglobin concentration of 15.6 gm/dl compared with 19.2 gm/dl for Aymara males, and Tibetan females had a mean hemoglobin concentration of 14.2 gm/dl compared with 17.8 gm/dl for Aymara females. The Tibetan hemoglobin distribution closely resembled that from a comparable, sea-level sample from the United States, whereas the Aymara distribution was shifted toward 3-4 gm/dl higher values. Genetic factors accounted for a very high proportion of the phenotypic variance in hemoglobin concentration in both samples (0.86 in the Tibetan sample and 0.87 in the Aymara sample). The presence of significant genetic variance means that there is the potential for natural selection and genetic adaptation of hemoglobin concentration in Tibetan and Aymara high-altitude populations. Am J

The photodynamics of six types of indole-based squaraines (SQs) molecules deposited onto quartz substrates by using the spin-coating method have been studied by means of steady-state and time-resolved techniques. Enhanced scattering... more

The photodynamics of six types of indole-based squaraines (SQs) molecules deposited onto quartz substrates by using the spin-coating method have been studied by means of steady-state and time-resolved techniques. Enhanced scattering signal at the resonance wavelengths together with the broadening and shift of the absorption bands to the red side with respect to those in solution prove the formation of H-and J-aggregates in the thin film samples. Excited state deactivation dynamics were studied by the femtosecond (fs) transient absorption spectroscopy and nanosecond (ns) flash photolysis. Faster kinetics were obtained for the solid state samples as compared to those in solution. Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis of the fs transient signal proves the presence of monomers and aggregates, enabling the separation of the kinetics for each one. For the SQ monomers, the dynamics of the singlet excited state does not depend on the pump fluence, and we thus propose that the quenching of the excited monomers is due to an energy transfer process to the aggregates. For the SQ aggregates, nonexponential fit of the experimental time profiles along with the power dependence of the transient absorption signal indicates a singlet− singlet annihilation process (γ′ ≈ 3 × 10 −15 cm 3 s −1/2 ). The combination of the long-range Forster-type mechanism and quantum delocalization is found to be the physical process that accounts for the singlet−singlet annihilation. In the flash photolysis experiments, we observed transient signals with a maximum intensity at 710 nm and lifetimes of 30 and 35 ns for SQ 41 and SQ 26, respectively. We have attributed these signals to the cis photoisomers of the aggregates deactivating to the trans photoisomers through the back photoisomerization reaction. These results provide information for a better understanding of the photodynamics of squaraines.

On December 1 and 2, 2003, 63 international experts on older driver issues met to examine three critical issues related to the safe mobility of older drivers. Conference participants addressed standards and protocols for screening and... more

On December 1 and 2, 2003, 63 international experts on older driver issues met to examine three critical issues related to the safe mobility of older drivers. Conference participants addressed standards and protocols for screening and evaluating the skills of older drivers. For

The reverse engineering of metabolic networks from experimental data is traditionally a labor-intensive task requiring a priori systems knowledge. Using a proven model as a test system, we demonstrate an automated method to simplify this... more

The reverse engineering of metabolic networks from experimental data is traditionally a labor-intensive task requiring a priori systems knowledge. Using a proven model as a test system, we demonstrate an automated method to simplify this process by modifying an existing or related model--suggesting nonlinear terms and structural modifications--or even constructing a new model that agrees with the system's time series

Results from 3 yr of hydrographic time series are shown for Willapa Bay, Washington, a macrotidal, partially mixed estuary whose river and ocean end members are both highly variable. Fluctuating ocean conditionsalternations between... more

Results from 3 yr of hydrographic time series are shown for Willapa Bay, Washington, a macrotidal, partially mixed estuary whose river and ocean end members are both highly variable. Fluctuating ocean conditionsalternations between wind-driven upwelling and downwelling, and intrusions of the buoyant Columbia River plume-are shown to force order-of-magnitude changes in salinity gradients on the event (2-10 day) scale. An effective horizontal diffusivity parameterizing all up-estuary salt flux is calculated as a function of riverflow: results show that Willapa's volume-integrated salt balance is almost always far from equilibrium. At very high riverflows (the top 15% of observations) the estuary loses salt, on average, while at all other riverflow levels it gains salt. Under summer, low-riverflow conditions, in fact, the effective diffusivity K is large enough to drive a net increase in salinity that is 3-6 times the seaward, river-driven salt flux. This diffusion process is amplified, not damped, by increased tidal forcing, contrary to the expectation for baroclinic exchange. Furthermore, K varies along the length of the estuary as ϳ5% of the rms tidal velocity times channel width, a scaling consistent with density-independent stirring by tidal residuals. To summarize Willapa's event-and seasonal-scale variability, a simple diagnostic parameter space for unsteady estuarine salt balances is presented, a generalization from the Hansen and Rattray steady-state scheme.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine what participation issues are important to adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Two hundred and three adolescents with CP (mean age 16.0 ± 1.8 years) were assessed using the... more

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine what participation issues are important to adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Two hundred and three adolescents with CP (mean age 16.0 ± 1.8 years) were assessed using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). This was done through semistructured interviews by trained physical and occupational therapists. Adolescents responded either directly (n = 144) or through a parent or a caregiver (n = 59) if they were unable to communicate. Issues were extracted from completed questionnaires and coded under three COPM categories (self-care, productivity, and leisure) and 16 subcategories. There was no association between the total number of issues identified and gender (p = .99), age (p = .88), type of respondent (adolescents versus parent) (p = .27), Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level (p = .93), or 66-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) score (p = .45). The issues identified most frequently were related to active leisure (identified by 57% of participants), mobility (55%), school (48%), and socialization (44%). Interventions aimed at improving participation among adolescents with physical disabilities, such as CP, should be directed towards these four key areas. Health care professionals should also recognize and consider the interaction of person and environment when addressing issues related to participation. 275 Phys Occup Ther Pediatr Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Mcmaster University on 02/23/12 For personal use only. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Mcmaster University on 02/23/12 For personal use only.

Few-electron atoms interacting with electromagnetic fields provide for privileged scenarios for disentangling elemental correlation mechanisms. We demonstrate that high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from neutral helium presents a... more

Few-electron atoms interacting with electromagnetic fields provide for privileged scenarios for disentangling elemental correlation mechanisms. We demonstrate that high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from neutral helium presents a distinctive trace of correlation back reaction in the electron dynamics prior to ionization. We identify a mechanism in which the field interacts with one of the electrons, while the second is excited to a Rydberg level through the Coulomb interaction. As back response to this correlated excitation, the first electron is knocked down to a lower level, from which it ionizes to generate high-order harmonics. Unlike other multielectron phenomena, where the electron-field interaction is modified by cross correlations with the rest of the interacting electrons, back reaction is a mechanism of autocorrelation. Our numerical simulations reveal back reaction as a relevant aspect in HHG from correlated two-electron systems, and paves the way to disentangle valence electron-electron correlation dynamics using high-harmonic spectroscopy.

Neutron resonance analyses have been performed for the capture cross sections of 186 Os, 187 Os, and 188 Os measured at the n TOF facility at CERN. Resonance parameters have been extracted up to 5, 3, and 8 keV, respectively, using the... more

Neutron resonance analyses have been performed for the capture cross sections of 186 Os, 187 Os, and 188 Os measured at the n TOF facility at CERN. Resonance parameters have been extracted up to 5, 3, and 8 keV, respectively, using the SAMMY code for a full R-matrix fit of the capture yields. From these results average resonance parameters were derived by a statistical analysis to provide a comprehensive experimental basis for modeling of the stellar neutron capture rates of these isotopes in terms of the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model. Consistent calculations for the capture and inelastic reaction channels are crucial for the evaluation of stellar enhancement factors to correct the Maxwellian averaged cross sections obtained from experimental data for the effect of thermally populated excited states. These factors have been calculated for the full temperature range of current scenarios of s-process nucleosynthesis using the combined information of the experimental data in the region of resolved resonances and in the continuum. The consequences of this analysis for the s-process component of the 187 Os abundance and the related impact on the evaluation of the time duration of galactic nucleosynthesis via the Re/Os cosmochronometer are discussed.

Background and Purpose. In the outpatient setting, it can be difficult to effectively manage the complex medical and rehabilitation needs of people with Parkinson disease (PD). A multidisciplinary approach in the inpatient rehabilitation... more

Background and Purpose. In the outpatient setting, it can be difficult to effectively manage the complex medical and rehabilitation needs of people with Parkinson disease (PD). A multidisciplinary approach in the inpatient rehabilitation environment may be a viable alternative. The purposes of this study were: (1) to investigate the effectiveness of an inpatient rehabilitation program for people with a primary diagnosis of PD, (2) to determine whether gains made were clinically meaningful, and (3) to identify predictors of rehabilitation outcome.

Interannual sea surface height variations in the Atlantic Ocean are examined from 10 years of highprecision altimeter data in light of simple mechanisms that describe the ocean response to atmospheric forcing: 1) local steric changes due... more

Interannual sea surface height variations in the Atlantic Ocean are examined from 10 years of highprecision altimeter data in light of simple mechanisms that describe the ocean response to atmospheric forcing: 1) local steric changes due to surface buoyancy forcing and a local response to wind stress via Ekman pumping and 2) baroclinic and barotropic oceanic adjustment via propagating Rossby waves and quasi-steady Sverdrup balance, respectively. The relevance of these simple mechanisms in explaining interannual sea level variability in the whole Atlantic Ocean is investigated. It is shown that, in various regions, a large part of the interannual sea level variability is related to local response to heat flux changes (more than 50% in the eastern North Atlantic). Except in a few places, a local response to wind stress forcing is less successful in explaining sea surface height observations. In this case, it is necessary to consider large-scale oceanic adjustments: the first baroclinic mode forced by wind stress explains about 70% of interannual sea level variations in the latitude band 18°-20°N. A quasi-steady barotropic Sverdrup response is observed between 40°and 50°N.

This cross-sectional study examined whether length of time in the U.S., language use, and birthplace (proxy measures of acculturation) were associated with body mass index (BMI) and obesity in a sample of 174 low-income Puerto Rican women... more

This cross-sectional study examined whether length of time in the U.S., language use, and birthplace (proxy measures of acculturation) were associated with body mass index (BMI) and obesity in a sample of 174 low-income Puerto Rican women from Hartford, Connecticut. The mean BMI for the total sample (N ϭ 174) was 27.39 (S.D. ϭ 5.07), and nearly 34% of the sample was considered obese (BMI Ն 30). There was a statistically significant increase in BMI with length of time in the U.S. (P ϭ 0.012) and these differences were even greater among women born in Puerto Rico (P ϭ 0.003). Moreover, obesity prevalence was highest among women who had been in the U.S. for 10 years or more (40%), as compared to those who had been in the U.S. less than 1 year (29%; P ϭ 0.045). There were no statistically significant associations between language and BMI for the total sample. However, among bilingual speakers born in Puerto Rico, there were significant differences in BMI according to their level of English fluency. Those who spoke fluent or very good English had a significantly higher BMI (mean ϭ 29.72; SD ϭ 4.12) than women whose English was good to not-so-good (mean ϭ 26.8; SD ϭ 5.24; P ϭ 0.016). The findings from this study point to the need for more research on the acculturation process and obesity, in order to design culturally tailored obesity prevention programs.

Background. The popularity of elliptical training has grown in rehabilitation, fitness, and home settings as a means for improving fitness and walking, yet many people with physical disabilities and chronic conditions experience... more

Background. The popularity of elliptical training has grown in rehabilitation, fitness, and home settings as a means for improving fitness and walking, yet many people with physical disabilities and chronic conditions experience difficulties when trying to use elliptical trainers. Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare, for people with disabilities and chronic conditions, perceptions of safety, comfort, workout, and usability of 4 elliptical trainers before and after the development of a set of low-cost adaptations. Design. This study was a quasi-experimental repeated-measures investigation. Methods. Twenty adults with diverse medical conditions and functional abilities evaluated 4 elliptical trainers for safety, comfort, workout, and usability. Barriers to the use of the elliptical trainers and solutions to improve the use of the trainers were identified. Prototype modifications were designed, and participants reassessed the same features after the modifications were made. Results. An integrated system (steps, bench, side rails, center rail or handle, deeper foot wells, and 1-handed heart rate monitor) was developed. Although at least 25% of participants required physical assistance to get on or off the elliptical trainers before modification, only one required this after modification. Before modification, only 1 participant was able to mount each device independently; after modification, 6 to 8 participants were able to do so. Up to 25% of participants continued to require assistance to initiate or sustain pedal movement. Compared with participants' ratings of the elliptical trainers before modification, those after modification were higher for safety (55% increase in visual analog scale ratings), comfort (43% higher), ability to achieve a good workout (23% greater), and usability (24% increase). Limitations. To date, only 4 elliptical trainers have been studied with a small sample of convenience. Conclusions. Elliptical trainers posed access challenges to people with disabilities, chronic conditions, or both. Implementation of low-cost modifications successfully reduced barriers and the need for assistance, enabling greater access for people who could benefit from using the devices for functional training and fitness.

This article presents philosophical approaches to research in physical therapy. A comparison is made to demonstrate how the research purpose, research design, research methods, and research data differ when one approaches research from... more

This article presents philosophical approaches to research in physical therapy. A comparison is made to demonstrate how the research purpose, research design, research methods, and research data differ when one approaches research from the philosophical perspective of positivism (predominantly quantitative) as compared with the philosophical perspective of phenomenology (predominantly qualitative). Differences between the two approaches are highlighted by examples from research articles published in Physical Therapy. The authors urge physical therapy researchers to become familiar with the tenets, rigor, and knowledge gained from the use of both approaches in order to increase their options in conducting research relevant to the practice of physical therapy.

measurement. 7bepurpose of th & desc@tive study was to quantzfi the work that & accomplished by major muscle groups of the afected limb of 10 children with spasic herniplegia secondaty to cerebral palsy during walking. Cinematographic... more

measurement. 7bepurpose of th & desc@tive study was to quantzfi the work that & accomplished by major muscle groups of the afected limb of 10 children with spasic herniplegia secondaty to cerebral palsy during walking. Cinematographic film and fmceplate data were used in a biomecbanical lid-segment model to calculate the positive Gait analysis of chldren with cerebral palsy (CP) has been used to study the basic biomechanics of their walking, which, in turn, has assisted in thera-peutic and surgical decision making.l-6 Recent developments in the technol-ogy used in gait analysis and the ready availability of high-speed com-puters at modest cost have made possible certain analyses that were known but not feasible. One of these analyses is the determination of instantaneous power and work accomplished by the muscle groups crossing major joints.

The writers investigate the possibility of an atomistic theory of matter and electricity which, while excluding singularities of the field, makes use of no other variables than the g μν of the general relativity theory and the ϕ μ of the... more

The writers investigate the possibility of an atomistic theory of matter and electricity which, while excluding singularities of the field, makes use of no other variables than the g μν of the general relativity theory and the ϕ μ of the Maxwell theory. By the consideration of a simple ...

It is generally agreed at present that the relative abundances of various chemical elements were determined by physical conditions existing in the universe during the early stages of its expansion, when the temperature and density were... more

It is generally agreed at present that the relative abundances of various chemical elements were determined by physical conditions existing in the universe during the early stages of its expansion, when the temperature and density were sufficiently high to secure appreciable reaction-rates for the light as well as for the heavy nuclei.

The purpose of this investigation was to measure the effects of a 10- to 14-day comprehensive, intensive hospital treatment program on peak exercise capacity, endurance capacity, respiratory function, weight change, and maximum... more

The purpose of this investigation was to measure the effects of a 10- to 14-day comprehensive, intensive hospital treatment program on peak exercise capacity, endurance capacity, respiratory function, weight change, and maximum inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures in patients with cystic fibrosis with a pulmonary exacerbation. Fourteen young adults with cystic fibrosis admitted to a hospital for an exacerbation of their pulmonary disease were studied. Subjects performed pulmonary function tests, inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressure tests, and stationary bicycle exercise tests at admission and discharge. Comprehensive therapy provided during the hospital admission consisted of intravenous antibiotics, physical therapy, high-calorie diet, and daily medical review. The patients showed improvements in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (46%-55% of predicted values) and forced vital capacity (62%-68% of predicted values). Maximum inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures al...

A significant body of research exists that explores the stressors of raising a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are fewer studies, however, that examine specific effective coping strategies of mothers of children with... more

A significant body of research exists that explores the stressors of raising a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are fewer studies, however, that examine specific effective coping strategies of mothers of children with an ASD. This 10 qualitative study explored mothers' perceptions of effective coping strategies for their parenting stressors. In-depth interviews were conducted with 11 mothers to inquire about their personal coping methods. Interviews were coded and emergent themes identified which included coping strategies such as "me time," "planning," "knowledge is power," "sharing the load," "lifting the restraints of labels," and "recognizing the 15 joys." The information from this study may benefit mothers of children with ASD and inform pediatric therapists providing services to children with ASD and their families.

Background. It has been reported that manipulative therapy directed at the cervical and thoracic spine may improve outcomes in patients with shoulder pain. To date, limited data are available to help physical therapists determine which... more

Background. It has been reported that manipulative therapy directed at the cervical and thoracic spine may improve outcomes in patients with shoulder pain. To date, limited data are available to help physical therapists determine which patients with shoulder pain may experience changes in pain and disability following the application of these interventions.

The effect of temperature on the Dimroth-Reichardt ET(30) parameter of binary mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile and nitromethane with alcohols and water was studied. The ET(30) polarity parameter of many of these binary... more

The effect of temperature on the Dimroth-Reichardt ET(30) parameter of binary mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile and nitromethane with alcohols and water was studied. The ET(30) polarity parameter of many of these binary mixtures exhibits a strong synergism. Dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile and nitromethane form hydrogen-bonded complexes with the alcohols more polar than themselves. The ET(30)

To capture the variety of dimensions that embody the essence of physical therapy practice, we believe that multiple approaches to research are required. The selection of which research approach to use to study one or more facets of... more

To capture the variety of dimensions that embody the essence of physical therapy practice, we believe that multiple approaches to research are required. The selection of which research approach to use to study one or more facets of physical therapy practice depends on what the research question is and from which philosophical perspective one chooses to study that question. In our view, there are basically two different philosophical perspectives or paradigms that guide research. These alternative philosophical perspectives are based on different assumptions about the world and how science should be conducted.' The purposes of this article are to present these two different philosophical perspectives (ie, positivism and phenomenology), to discuss how these philosophical perspectives result in the choice and use of very different approaches to pared with the philosophical perspective of phenomenology @redominantly quali-

Microstructure and acoustic profile time series were collected near Ocean Station P in the eastern subarctic North Pacific and in Saanich Inlet at the south end of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, to examine production of... more

Microstructure and acoustic profile time series were collected near Ocean Station P in the eastern subarctic North Pacific and in Saanich Inlet at the south end of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, to examine production of turbulent dissipation by swimming marine organisms. At Ocean Station P, although a number of zooplankton species are large enough to generate turbulence with Reynolds numbers Re > 1000, biomass densities are typically less than 103 individuals per cubic meter (<0.01% by volume), and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates ε were better correlated with 16-m vertical shear than acoustic backscatter layers. In Saanich Inlet, where krill densities are up to 104 individuals per cubic meter (0.1% by volume), no dramatic elevation of dissipation rates ε was associated with dusk and dawn vertical migrations of the acoustic backscatter layer. Dissipation rates are a factor of 2 higher [〈ε〉 = 1.4 × 10−8 W kg−1, corresponding to buoyancy Re = 〈ε〉/(νN 2) ∼ ...

The electron contribution to the phonon spectrum is formulated in terms of the microscopic response function. The long-wavelength behavior of the lattice vibration is then investigated, with due attention to the long-range Coulomb... more

The electron contribution to the phonon spectrum is formulated in terms of the microscopic response function. The long-wavelength behavior of the lattice vibration is then investigated, with due attention to the long-range Coulomb interaction. An important quantity which emerges is the ...

Rising to a standing position from a sitting position is one of the most important activities of daily life. We present a total-body analysis of rising from a chair as performed by nine healthy individuals under controlled conditions. We... more

Rising to a standing position from a sitting position is one of the most important activities of daily life. We present a total-body analysis of rising from a chair as performed by nine healthy individuals under controlled conditions. We describe four phases of this activity. Phase I is a flexion-momentum phase used to generate the initial momentum for rising. Phase II begins as the individual leaves the chair seat and ends at maximal ankle dorsiflexion. Forward momentum of the upper body is transferred to forward and upward momentum of the total body. Phase III is an extension phase during which the body rises to its full upright position. Phase IV is a stabilization phase. Kinetics and kinematics of the phases are analyzed. The phases are differentiated in terms of momentum and stability characteristics. Clinical implications of the mechanics of rising are discussed.

The origin and demographic history of the ethnic populations of China have not been clearly resolved. In this study, we examined the hypervariable segment I sequences (HVSI) of the mitochondrial DNA control region in 372 individuals from... more

The origin and demographic history of the ethnic populations of China have not been clearly resolved. In this study, we examined the hypervariable segment I sequences (HVSI) of the mitochondrial DNA control region in 372 individuals from nine Chinese populations and one northern Thai population. A relatively high percentage of individuals was found to share sequences with those from other populations of the same ethnogenesis. In general, the populations of southern or Pai-Yuei tribal origin showed high haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity compared with the populations of northern or Di-Qiang tribal origin. Mismatch distributions from these populations showed concordant features. All except the northern groups Nu, Lisu, Tibetan, and

In this paper, we propose a physical model leading-to the causal interpretation of the quantum theory. In this model, a set of fields which are equivalent in many ways to a conserved Quid, with density~P~, and local stream velocity, dg/dt... more

In this paper, we propose a physical model leading-to the causal interpretation of the quantum theory. In this model, a set of fields which are equivalent in many ways to a conserved Quid, with density~P~, and local stream velocity, dg/dt = ryS/ns, act on a particle-like inhomogeneity which moves with the local stream velocity of the equivalent Quid. By introducing the hypothesis of a very irregular and e6ectively random Quctuation in the motions of the Quid, we are able to prove that an arbitrary probability density ultimately decays into~P~. Thus, we answer an important objection to the causal interpretation, made by Pauli and others. This result is extended to the Dirac equation and to the many-particle problem.

Background and Purpose. This project had three purposes: 1) to document the experiences and reciprocal learning achieved by physical therapist students, nurse students, and high school seniors from culturally diverse back-grounds who... more

Background and Purpose. This project had three purposes: 1) to document the experiences and reciprocal learning achieved by physical therapist students, nurse students, and high school seniors from culturally diverse back-grounds who participated in the peer-mentoring program; 2) to expand upon an existing model of mentor–mentee communication; 3) to generate case studies that are interdisciplinary, culturally competent, and informed by the life experiences of high school seniors from diverse minority groups. Case Description. Twelve students were placed into one of three interdisciplinary teams comprised of physical therapist upperclassmen, nurse graduate students, and high school seniors. Student teams worked collaboratively for 9 weeks to develop three case studies. The high school sen-iors shared real-life stories about their personal or family health concerns. The university-enrolled students transformed the high school seniors' stories into patient cases. All students were ...

Relativistic and nonrelativistic differential cross sections for argon, krypton, and iodine are computed for the energy range 20 eV-150 keV. The atomic Gelds as determined by Clementi (Hartree-Fock) and Liberman (Dirac) are used... more

Relativistic and nonrelativistic differential cross sections for argon, krypton, and iodine are computed for the energy range 20 eV-150 keV. The atomic Gelds as determined by Clementi (Hartree-Fock) and Liberman (Dirac) are used interchangeably in the two calculations. Contributions to the cross section arising from exchange between incident and atomic electrons are also considered. Relativistic and nonrelativistic comparisons are made, and where available, the experimental data are also reproduced. A number of conclusions regarding relativistic and exchange sects are reached, most noteworthy of which are the low-energy exchange sects.

Park and recreation departments (PARDs) are primary community resource for promoting mental health and reducing the impact of negative social and economic issues on the youth. However, PARDS must develop effective strategies for... more

Park and recreation departments (PARDs) are primary community resource for promoting mental health and reducing the impact of negative social and economic issues on the youth. However, PARDS must develop effective strategies for evaluating their youth recreation programs to ensure that goals are being met. Program evaluations should focus on concrete positive outcomes and the effectiveness of program processes. Other key elements that should be considered in evaluating youth recreation programs are discussed.

Purpose -Whilst there are a plethora of theoretical ideas regarding a segmented approach to supply chain strategy, there is paucity of empirical data. This paper aims to present the results of a field-based case study in a fast moving... more

Purpose -Whilst there are a plethora of theoretical ideas regarding a segmented approach to supply chain strategy, there is paucity of empirical data. This paper aims to present the results of a field-based case study in a fast moving consumer goods company (FMCGCo) that sought to identify the most relevant basis for supply chain segmentation. Design/methodology/approach -Research carried out on a single instrumental case, FMCGCo. A four-stage research design was employed to develop and test an approach to developing a segmented supply chain strategy for FMCGCo supply chain Western Europe. Findings -The study identified demand profiling at an item level (using volume and variability classifiers) as the primary driver of supply chain strategy. It also developed a novel profiling tool. This not only segmented demand but identified through the introduction of the concept of filters a method for turning the results of the demand profiling analysis into a segmented supply chain strategy.

Water is the most important parameter to influence the climate and human life. The necessary treatment to the water should be given if the water is found to be of bad quality depending upon the different parameters according to WHO & BIS.... more

Water is the most important parameter to influence the climate and human life. The necessary treatment to the water should be given if the water is found to be of bad quality depending upon the different parameters according to WHO & BIS. The effects of different industrial area, mines, etc have the effect on the quality of water. It is very necessary to check the ground water quality. There are many parameters in terms of physical, chemical and bacteriological are studied by many researchers. To prevent any water borne diseases education on hygienic conditions is needed.No specific parameter was found to be exceeding the prescribed limit by higher values. The exceeding parameters in some cases like the hardness, alkalinity and low fluoride concentrations can be given proper treatment in order to make it suitable for drinking purposes. Therefore the ground water quality in Amravati city found to be satisfactory for many parameters.

Este artigo tem o objetivo de compreender como os professores de educação física estão utilizando o bloco de conteúdos proposto nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais -Educação Física, no que se refere à prática das lutas. Para tanto, foi... more

Este artigo tem o objetivo de compreender como os professores de educação física estão utilizando o bloco de conteúdos proposto nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais -Educação Física, no que se refere à prática das lutas. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma abordagem quantitativa, onde 50 professores, da rede pública e privada de educação, de Fortaleza (Ceará -Brasil), responderam a um questionário. Os resultados demonstram que um número pouco expressivo de professores utiliza esta modalidade como parte de seus conteúdos em aulas. Concluiu-se que a educação física deve proporcionar diversas formas de cultura corporal, como as atividades relacionadas às lutas, que devem fazer parte das modalidades ofertadas aos discentes. Para isso, é necessário que os professores façam cursos de atualização ou usem a criatividade, buscando alternativas na área. Palavras-chave: Educação Física, Escola, Lutas.

Xã hội chúng ta là ngập trong "máy thông minh" với nhiều loại khác nhau, từ máy điều hòa nhiệt độ trong ngôi nhà của chúng ta, với các hệ thống chuyên gia và hỗ trợ thiết kế tại nơi làm việc của chúng ta... Qua nhiều thế kỷ, chúng ta đã... more

Xã hội chúng ta là ngập trong "máy thông minh" với nhiều loại khác nhau, từ máy điều hòa nhiệt độ trong ngôi nhà của chúng ta, với các hệ thống chuyên gia và hỗ trợ thiết kế tại nơi làm việc của chúng ta... Qua nhiều thế kỷ, chúng ta đã chứng kiến ngày càng nhiều sự "vất vả" trong sinh hoạt hàng ngày được thay thế bởi các thiết bị như máy giặt, lò vi sóng, giao thông cơ giới, và nâng cao năng suất từ thuận tiện được cung cấp bởi các máy tính cá nhân và công nghệ thông tin.

The mtDNA composition of two Muslim sects from the northern Indian province of Uttar Pradesh, the Sunni and Shia, have been delineated using sequence information from hypervariable regions 1 and 2 (HVI and HVII, respectively) as well as... more

The mtDNA composition of two Muslim sects from the northern Indian province of Uttar Pradesh, the Sunni and Shia, have been delineated using sequence information from hypervariable regions 1 and 2 (HVI and HVII, respectively) as well as coding region polymorphisms. A comparison of this data to that from Middle Eastern, Central Asian, North East African, and other Indian groups reveals that, at the mtDNA haplogroup level, both of these Indo-Sunni and Indo-Shia populations are more similar to each other and other Indian groups than to those from the other regions. In addition, these two Muslim sects exhibit a conspicuous absence of West Asian mtDNA haplogroups suggesting that their maternal lineages are of Indian origin. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the maternal lineage data indicates differences between the Sunni

In this work, the utility & functional characteristics of garment made from woven fabrics of bamboo/ polyester yarns have been studied in relation to pick density, weave and % of component fibers in the blends. The objective of utility &... more

In this work, the utility & functional characteristics of garment made from woven fabrics of bamboo/ polyester yarns have been studied in relation to pick density, weave and % of component fibers in the blends. The objective of utility & functional characteristics was to determine the influence of fabric factors such as Pick density ,weave and the constituent fibers characteristics on the fabric properties such as GSM , Tensile Strength, Tearing Strength, Abrasion Resistance & Pilling Propensity, The experimental results show that 2/30s bamboo in warp way of twill woven fabric exhibit Tensile Strength, Tearing Strength, Abrasion Resistance & Pilling Propensity when compared to other Samples.

This article presents the results of a study to validate a measure of gross motor performance for its capacity to detect changes in the quality of movement in children with cerebral palsy aged 0 to 12 years. On two occasions, 4 to 6... more

This article presents the results of a study to validate a measure of gross motor performance for its capacity to detect changes in the quality of movement in children with cerebral palsy aged 0 to 12 years. On two occasions, 4 to 6 months apart, physical therapists from three children's treatment centers assessed 106 children with cerebral palsy, 18 children who had sustained an acute head injury, and 29 nondisabled children. Validity was demonstrated by comparing changes on the measure across diagnoses, severity, and age groups. Several a priori hypotheses were supported; however, relationships with parent and therapist ratings were not clearly demonstrated. The measure was found to be differentially responsive to changes in "stable" and "responsive" groups.