Radar Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Figure 1. Comparison of Synchrosqueezing with DFT method and Spectrogram; (a) time-domain signal s(t); (b) Spectrum of the signal; (c) DFT rate; (d) Spectrogram (e) Synchrosquezd output.

- by
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- Computer Science, Radar, Fourier Analysis, Heart rate
- by Bassem Mahafza
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- Computer Science, Radar, Analysis, Processing

Disponible sur Internet le 25 novembre 2008

- by Vincent Dabouis
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- Radar, Cell Phones, Cell Cycle, Low Dose

The aim of this paper is to present the details of signal processing techniques in Military RADARS . These techniques are strongly based on mathematics and specially on stochastic processes. Detecting a target in a noisy environment is a many folds sequential process. The signal processing chain only provides to the overall system boolean indicators stating the presence (or not) of targets inside the coverage area. It is part of the strategical operation of the radar. This paper mainly focuses on Design of Matched filter and generation of chirp Signal.

- by alekhya reddy
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- Radar

Precision farming is an emerging agricultural technology that involves managing each crop input on a site-specific basis to reduce waste, increase profits, and maintain the quality of the environment. Remote sensing is a technology that can be used to obtain various spatial layers of information about soil and crop conditions. It allows detection and/or characterization of an object, series of

- by Viacheslav Adamchuk
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- Management, Engineering, Environmental Science, Agronomy

Large numbers of bats are killed by collisions with wind turbines, and there is at present no direct method of reducing or preventing this mortality. We therefore determine whether the electromagnetic radiation associated with radar installations can elicit an aversive behavioural response in foraging bats. Four civil air traffic control (ATC) radar stations, three military ATC radars and three weather radars were selected, each surrounded by heterogeneous habitat. Three sampling points matched for habitat type and structure, dominant vegetation species, altitude and surrounding land class were located at increasing distances from each station. A portable electromagnetic field meter measured the field strength of the radar at three distances from the source: in close proximity (<200 m) with a high electromagnetic field (EMF) strength >2 volts/metre, an intermediate point within line of sight of the radar (200-400 m) and with an EMF strength <2 v/m, and a control site out of...

- by Paul A Racey
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- Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Radar

This study provides forensic search teams with systematic geophysical monitoring data over simulated clandestine graves for comparison to active cases. Simulated 'wrapped' and 'naked' burials were created. Multi-geophysical surveys were collected over a three-year monitoring period. Bulk ground resistivity, Electrical Resistivity Imaging, multi-frequency Ground Penetrating Radar and grave 'soil water' conductivity data were collected. Resistivity surveys revealed the naked burial had consistently low-resistivity anomalies, whereas the wrapped burial had small, varying high-resistivity anomalies. GPR 110-900 MHz frequency surveys showed the wrapped burial could be detected throughout, with the 'naked' burial difficult to resolve after 18 months. 225 MHz frequency data was optimal. 'Soil water' analyses showed rapidly increasing (year one), slowly increasing (year two) and decreasing (year three) conductivity values. Results suggest resistivity and GPR surveys should 2 be collected if target 'wrapping' is unknown, with winter to spring surveys optimal. Resistivity surveys should be collected in clay-rich soils.

- by Natalie Mirosch
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- Forensic Science, Soil, Water, Radar

There are several remote-sensing tools readily available for the study of nocturnally flying animals (e.g., migrating birds), each possessing unique measurement biases. We used three tools (weather surveillance radar, thermal infrared camera, and acoustic recorder) to measure temporal and spatial patterns of nocturnal traffic estimates of flying animals during the spring and fall of 2011 and 2012 in Lewes, Delaware, USA. Our objective was to compare measures among different technologies to better understand their animal detection biases. For radar and thermal imaging, the greatest observed traffic rate tended to occur at, or shortly after, evening twilight, whereas for the acoustic recorder, peak bird flight-calling activity was observed just prior to morning twilight. Comparing traffic rates during the night for all seasons, we found that mean nightly correlations between acoustics and the other two tools were weakly correlated (thermal infrared camera and acoustics, r ¼ 0.004 6 0.04 SE, n ¼ 100 nights; radar and acoustics, r ¼ 0.14 6 0.04 SE, n ¼ 101 nights), but highly variable on an individual nightly basis (range ¼ À0.84 to 0.92, range ¼ À0.73 to 0.94). The mean nightly correlations between traffic rates estimated by radar and by thermal infrared camera during the night were more strongly positively correlated (r ¼ 0.39 6 0.04 SE, n ¼ 125 nights), but also were highly variable for individual nights (range ¼ À0.76 to 0.98). Through comparison with radar data among numerous height intervals, we determined that flying animal height above the ground influenced thermal imaging positively and flight call detections negatively. Moreover, thermal imaging detections decreased with the presence of cloud cover and increased with mean ground flight speed of animals, whereas acoustic detections showed no relationship with cloud cover presence but did decrease with increased flight speed. We found sampling methods to be positively correlated when comparing mean nightly traffic rates across nights. The strength of these correlations generally increased throughout the night, peaking 2-3 hours before morning twilight. Given the convergence of measures by different tools at this time, we suggest that researchers consider sampling flight activity in the hours before morning twilight when differences due to detection biases among sampling tools appear to be minimized.

- by Kyle Horton and +1
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- Acoustics, Radar, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences

NEXRAD radars detect biological scatterers in the atmosphere, i.e., birds and insects, without distinguishing between them. A method is proposed to discriminate these bird and insect echoes. Multiple scans are collected for mass migration of birds (insects) and coherently averaged along their different aspects to improve the data quality. Additional features are also computed to capture the dependence of bird (insect) echoes on the observed aspect, range, and local regions of space. Next, ridge classifier and decision tree machine learning algorithms are trained on the collected data. For each method, classifiers are trained, first with the averaged dual pol inputs and then different combinations of the remaining features are added. The performance of both methods, are analyzed using metrics computed on a held-out test data set. Further case studies on roosting birds, bird migration, and insect migration cases, are conducted to investigate the performance of the classifiers when app...

- by Robert Welikson
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- Remote Sensing, Radar

In this paper, the potential use tf spaceborne polarimettic synthetic aperture radar (SAB) data in mapping landcover tripes and monitoring d@restation in tropics is studied, ttere, the emphasis is placed on several clearing practices a~d forest regeneration that can be characteri:.ed by usi~,g the sensitivity of SAB channels to vegetation biomass and canopy str~lcture. A supervised Bayes-Jan classifier designed fi)r SAIl signal statistics is employed to separate five classes: primar*j fi)rest, second-ar~j fi)rest, pasture-crops, quebradao, and disturbed forest. The Land C-band polarimetric SAIl data acquired during the shuttle imaging radar-C (SIII-C)/X-SAB space-shuttle ntission in 1994 are used as input data to the class{tier, The results are verified by field observation and comparison with the LancLsat data acquired in August (f 1994. The SAB data can delineate these five classes with approxinmtely 72% accuracy. The confusion arises wher~ separating old secondary fi)rests from primary .tim'st aad the young ones from pasture-crops. It is shown that Landsat and SAg data camj contplenwntary information about the vegetation structure that, when used i1~ sy~u¢r~,ism, may increase the classification accuracq over secondar~j fi~rest regrowth. When the number (f land-co~)er types was reduced to three classes including primanj fi~rest, pasture-crops, and regrowth-disturbed fi~rest, the acc~tracy of classification increased to 87%. A dinwnsionality anahjsis of the classifier showed that the accurac~j can be fi~rther improved to 92% by reducing the feature space to L-band HH and HV chantwls. Comparison of SIIl-C data acquired in April (wet period) a~ld October (dr~j period) indicates that multi

- by João Vianei Soares
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- Radar, Temporal Data Mining, Amazonia, Dimensional Analysis

The present extract refers to the stealth technologies and counter-effecting them with quantum radars. Stealth technology is based reflection and absorption which covers the object or the object’s observability.Stealth technology is more prominent in military aircrafts. Certain Aircrafts like B-2 Bombers uses stealth technology which created a great dominance in defence. Recent Development in Anti Stealth reveals that these aircrafts can be countered. Quantum radar is one among them.

- by IJAERS Journal
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- Quantum Physics, Radar

Soldiers are very essential part of any nation's security system. During, wars and search operations soldiers get injured and some of them go missing. As we all know soldier's health is important because they are the savior of our country who protects us from terrorist attacks and from many suspicious activities which can harm us and our nation too. This project will give an ability to track the location and monitor health of the soldiers in real time which goes missing at battlefield. It will minimize the time and rescue operation efforts of army control unit. It will help the army base station to track the location and monitor health of soldiers using GPS module and sensor such as temperature sensor, heart beat sensor, etc. The data coming from sensors and GPS receiver is transmitted wirelessly using Zigbee module having the range of 10 to 100m. A soldier can ask for help from control room using a panic switch and we have also used RADAR which will alert the soldier using vibrator within the range of 3cm to 4m.

- by Jyoti Mali
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- Radar, Temperature Sensors, Pulse Oximeter, ZigBee

Using QAM mapped OFDM signal in radar applications it is possible to get from the signal constellations both the target velocity and target distance from the radar station. When in the reflected signal constellation we get the rotated and distorted mapping that is mean that the signal is reflected from the moving target, while on the other hand, when the mapping is only rotated around the zero, we have a reflected signal from static target. Getting that signals and passing them through frequency and target distance filter banks we get the Doppler frequency and time shift and, consequently, the velocity and the distance of the target.

- by Khachatur Tovmasyan
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- Radar, OFDM, QPSK
- by martins Ezuma
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- Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Remote Sensing, Radar

Radiofrequency countermeasures (i.e., chaff) may be released by fighter jets during tactical countermeasures training. Chaff cartridges, pistons, and endcaps (i.e., chaff dispenser materials), all currently made of styrene, are also released into the environment. Accumulation of chaff dispenser materials in the environment is a concern of the Department of Defense. The US Navy is exploring the possibility of constructing degradable chaff dispenser components made of biodegradable polymers. Five polymers are being considered. Degradability and toxicity tests are two of several criteria being used to evaluate various available biodegradable options. Dissolution products from four of five polymers being considered were toxic to aquatic organisms with LC50s/LOELs ranging between 1.24 and 731.30 mg total organic concentration/L. Supernatant from dissolving a 90:10 polyester amide/polyvinyl alcohol copolymer in water for 24 h inhibited shoot growth of Brassica rappa and Lepidium sativum. Since our results were obtained using fractions of saturated degradable polymer solutions (1 or 10 g/L), we conclude that the tested degradable polymers were of low toxicity to the seven aquatic organisms and two terrestrial plant species used in our assays. However, our characterization of the toxicity of these degradable polymers may not be applicable to all species or environmental situations. Information gained from these studies will be used for making decisions on which polymers should be used in the engineering of environmentally friendly chaff dispenser cartridges, pistons, and endcaps. Published by Elsevier Inc.

- by Kenneth R Still
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- Engineering, Radar, Polymers, Biological Sciences

Radar-based microwave imaging techniques have been proposed for early stage breast cancer detection. A considerable challenge for the successful implementation of these techniques is the reduction of clutter, or components of the signal originating from objects other than the tumor. In particular, the reduction of clutter from the late-time scattered fields is required in order to detect small (subcentimeter diameter) tumors. In this paper, a method to estimate the tumor response contained in the late-time scattered fields is presented. The method uses a parametric function to model the tumor response. A maximum a posteriori estimation approach is used to evaluate the optimal values for the estimates of the parameters. A pattern classification technique is then used to validate the estimation. The ability of the algorithm to estimate a tumor response is demonstrated by using both experimental and simulated data obtained with a tissue sensing adaptive radar system. Index Terms-Breast cancer, maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation, microwave imaging, pattern classification.

- by David Westwick
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- Biomedical Engineering, Radar, Cancer, Regression Analysis

Forward Collision Avoidance (FCA) systems in automobiles is an essential part of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles. These devices currently use, radars as the main sensor. The increasing resolution of camera sensors, processing capability of hardware chipsets and advances in image processing algorithms, have been pushing the camera based features recently. Monocular cameras face the challenge of accurate scale estimation which limits it use as a stand-alone sensor for this application. This paper proposes an efficient system which can perform multi scale object detection which is being patent granted and efficient 3D reconstruction using structure from motion (SFM) framework. While the algorithms need to be accurate it also needs to operate real time in low cost embedded hardware. The focus of the paper is to discuss how the proposed algorithms are designed in such a way that it can be provide real time performance on low cost embedded CPU's which makes use of only Digital Signal processors (DSP) and vector processing cores.

Linear frequency modulated pulse compression (LFM-PC) radar is one of the widely used modern radar systems. It has high immunity against conventional noise jamming due to its high processing gain. To sufficiently affect such radar, smart jamming techniques should be applied. In the last decade, different smart jamming techniques have been proposed. However, literature lacks to the analysis and evaluation of the effect of such techniques on modern radar systems. In this paper, the effect of one of the recently proposed jamming techniques, called chopping jamming, is analyzed and evaluated against LFM-PC radar depending on a typical LFM-PC verified radar model. The worthy of the application of chopping jamming on LFM-PC radar regarding to the probability of false alarm as well as radar detection is discussed and presented.

A new radar technique has been developed that provides a solution for the conflichng requirements of simultaneous long-range and high-resolution per formance in radar systems. This technique, called Chirp at Bell Telephone Laboratories, recugnizes that resol'ution depends on the transmitted pulse bandwidth. A long high-du.ty-facior transmitted pu.lse, ·with su.itable modu.la tion (linear frequency modulatiun in the case of Chirp), which covers a frequency interval many times the inherent bandwidth of the envelope, is employed. The receiver is designed to make optimll,m use of the additional signal bandwidth. This paper cunt.ains many of the important ana/'ytical methods requ.ired for the design ~f a Chirp radar system. The details ~f two signal generation methods are considered and the resulting signal wave forms and power spectra are calculated. The required receiver character istics are derived and the receiver output waveforms are presented. The time-bandwidth pruduct is introduced and related to the effective increase in the performance ~f Chirp systems. The concept of a matched filter is pre sented and used as a reference standard in receiver design. The effect uf am plitu.de and phase disturtion is analyzed by the method of paired echoe·s. One consequence of the signal. design is the presence of time side lobes un the receiver output pulse analogous to the spatial side lobes in antenna theury. A method to reduce the time side lobes by weighting the pulse energy spectrum is explained in terms of paired echoes. The weighting process is described, and calculated pulse envelopes, weighting network characteristics and dele 745- .

- by John Klauder
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- Radar

Dhemaji district lies in the upper Brahmaputra valley of Assam and south of foothills of Arunachal Pradesh. Dhemaji is well known in the history for recurring floods perennially in monsoon season for a period of four months from June to September. The main reason for the flood is the rainfall that occurs in Assam and its neighboring hill states. During this particular period from June to September, Brahmaputra River floods along with its tributaries and creates havoc to its nearby villages. It is necessary to identify, monitor and map flooded areas so that the trend of flood and its impacts can be studied, and proper measures can be taken. In order to study such trend and impacts, remote sensing plays a vital role by providing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. An attempt has been made in this study to identify the flooded areas by using Sentinel-1 SAR data with 12 days revisit time for a period of July to October 2020. Setinel-1 SAR data has dual polarisation of VV (vertical transmit and vertical receive) and VH (vertical transmit and horizontal receive) which are best known for flood identification. RGB composite tools of Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) has been used to identify the flooded areas by comparing before and after dated SAR images. Image of 05-07-2020 has been used as a base (before) images and compared with all the other dated/ temporal images individually so that the flooded areas can be identified. GPS points data collected from field are also overlaid. Identified areas are corelated with the monthly rainfall data provided by water resource department of Dhemaji district. Important analysis and observation made is that with the help of RGB composite image of SAR data flooded areas can be easily identified to provide an estimation of actual flooded scenario.

- by Sofia Lahan
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- Radar, Remote Sensing (Earth Sciences), Assam, Synthetic Aperture Radar
- by Robyne Le Brocque
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- Photography, Radar, Safety, Reviews

The physical basis for breast tumor detection with microwave imaging is the contrast in dielectric properties of normal and malignant breast tissues. Confocal microwave imaging involves illuminating the breast with an ultra-wideband pulse from a number of antenna locations, then synthetically focusing reflections from the breast. The detection of malignant tumors is achieved by the coherent addition of returns from these strongly scattering objects. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of detecting and localizing small ( 1 cm) tumors in three dimensions with numerical models of two system configurations involving synthetic cylindrical and planar antenna arrays. Image formation algorithms are developed to enhance tumor responses and reduce early-and late-time clutter. The early-time clutter consists of the incident pulse and reflections from the skin, while the late-time clutter is primarily due to the heterogeneity of breast tissue. Successful detection of 6-mm-diameter spherical tumors is achieved with both planar and cylindrical systems, and similar performance measures are obtained. The influences of the synthetic array size and position relative to the tumor are also explored.

- by Nguyen Thang
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- Algorithms, Gynaecology, Biomedical Engineering, Computational Modeling

An accurate estimation of a plant's age is required for the prediction of yield and management practices. This study demonstrates the relationship between backscattering properties (σ°) of Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) dual polarimetric data with cashew plants' biophysical parameters (height, age, crown diameter, diameter at breast height, basal area, tree density, and biomass) in Cambodia. PALSAR σ°has shown a positive correlation with the biophysical parameters of cashew plants. The value of σ°increases with the age of cashew plants. At a young stage, the cashew plants show a higher rate of an increase in σ°compared to that at the mature stage. The σ°horizontal polarization transmitted and vertical received (HV) shows higher sensitivity to the plant's growth than σ°horizontal polarization transmitted and received (HH). High backscattering and low variations were observed at mature stage (8-12 years) of cashew plantation. Saturation in backscattering has shown from the age of about 13 years. The validation results indicate strong coefficient of determination (R 2 00.86 and 0.88) for PALSAR-predicted age and biomass of cashew plants with root mean square error01.8 years and 16.3 t/ha for age and biomass, respectively. The correlations of σ°(HH) with biophysical parameters observed in the dry season were better than those of the rainy season because soil moisture interferes with backscattering in the rainy season. Biomass accumulation rate of cashew plants has been predicted that would be useful for selection of plants species to enhance carbon sequestration. This study provides an insight to use PALSAR for the monitoring of growth stages of plants at the regional level.

- by Ram avtar and +1
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- Radar, Cambodia, Environmental Monitoring, Multidisciplinary

More than 50 years ago, pioneering scientists and engineers in the Soviet Union and the United States searched for a technical means of defense against deadly ballistic missiles. In Intercept 1961 Mike Gruntman tells the story, little-known even to experts, of the earliest breakthroughs which paved the way for the emergence of a powerful missile defense complex in the Soviet Union, a major factor in the Cold War. On March 4, 1961, a Soviet guided missile performed the first nonnuclear intercept of an intermediate range ballistic missile at the Saryshagan test site in the Kazakhstan desert when it destroyed an approaching warhead. This spectacular achievement followed earlier intercepts by the United States Army of several shorter range missiles. Mike Gruntman describes the birth of Soviet air and missile defense systems and their technical challenges. The new field also led to the emergence of monitoring space objects in orbit, ballistic missile early warning, and antisatellite weapons. Ten years later, the first operational missile defense system was deployed to protect Moscow, its successor system remaining active today. Intercept 1961 is especially relevant today as the United States and other countries continue facing the eternal protect-or-avenge dilemma when balancing offensive capabilities against defensive protection. In an age of unstable governments, spreading weapons of mass destruction, and radical ideologies and terrorism, this historical background is critical for informed policy formulation, threat evaluation, defense planning, and counteracting the proliferation of weapons and sensitive technologies. It is a must read for students of history, scientists and engineers, analysts, and specialists in international relations and national security.

- by Mike Gruntman
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- History, History of Science, Radar, Missile defence

Airborne remote sensing encompasses applications using a range of airborne/satellite sensors for detecting and understanding sites and landscapes without making direct physical contact. These noninvasive and non-destructive approaches underpin primary reconnaissance survey in many environments. The main data sources are described, with discussion of applications, scale, and future developments.

- by DAVE COWLEY
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- Radar, Airborne Laser Scanning, Archaeological Prospection, Earth Observation
- by Zineb Rachidi
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- Radar, Matlab, Traitement D'Image

This paper presents a generalized structure for a frequency diverse array radar. In its simplest form, the frequency diverse array applies a linear phase progression across the aperture. This linear phase progression induces an electronic beam scan, as in a conventional phased array. When an additional linear frequency shift is applied across the elements, a new term is generated which results in a scan angle that varies with range in the far-field. This provides more flexible beam scan options, as well as providing resistance to point interference such as multipath.

- by Michael Wicks and +1
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- Radar, Synthetic Aperture Radar, Phased Array, Linear Phase

Extensive use of electronic devices in daily communication and information technology causes high (microwave) frequency electromagnetic interference (EMI). This EMI often leads to noise, data misinterpretation or malfunctioning of electronic devices such as medical equipment. To protect the device from this unwanted EMI, a shield layer is essential, which can shield the device from the unwanted radiation via either reflection or absorption. As the reflected microwave may cause further EMI, the later phenomenon is advantageous, because it forbids any further interference with neighboring devices. This absorption-based shielding is also useful in stealth technology to design radar camouflage military aircraft. Metallic shields normally reflect the microwave and are heavy. To address this issue one requires shield layers with lightweight and conducting. In this respect, conducting polymer-based or metallic nanoparticles based composites seems handy. Hence, in this thesis work, we have adopted various strategies to design composites that can address the above limitations of metallic shields. We have demonstrated that the scattering, reflection and absorption of microwave depend upon the micro and macroscopic properties of the filler particles. Such properties include concentration, size, morphology, conductivity, defects and magnetism of the filler materials. We have systematically investigated their effect on EMI 1.3.2.7 Metal backed specimen 1.4 Summary References Chapter 2. Synthesis, characterization techniques and data analysis methods 26-44 2.1 Synthesis methods 2.1.1 Combustion method 2.

Girard, O., J.P. Micallef, and G.P. Millet. Influence of restricted knee motion during the flat first serve in tennis. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(3):950-957. 2007.-The aim of this study was to examine the influence of restricted knee motion during the serve in tennis players of different performance levels. Thirty subjects distributed in 3 groups (beginner, B; intermediate, I; elite, E) performed 15 flat first serves with normal (normal serve, S N ) and restricted (restricted serve, S R ) knee motion. In S R , the legs were kept outstretched by splints with a knee joint angle fixed at 10Њ (0Њ fully extended) to prevent any knee flexion/ extension. Vertical maximum ground reaction forces (Fz max ), ball impact location (L impact ), and ball speed (S ball ) were measured with force platform, video analysis, and radar, respectively. Fz max , L impact, and S ball were higher (p Ͻ 0.001) in S N than in S R . S ball was significantly (p Ͻ 0.001) dependent on performance level, with higher values recorded in E than in B or I. From S R to S N , increase in L impact was greater (p Ͻ 0.01) in E than in other groups and increases in Fz max and S ball were correlated (r ϭ 0.69, p Ͻ 0.01) in E only. Knee motion is a significant contributor to serving effectiveness whatever the performance level. Skilled players perform faster serves than their less skilled counterparts, and this is partly related to a more forceful lower limb drive.

- by Jean-paul Micallef
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- Strength & Conditioning, Radar, Tennis, Movement

Examining radio development over a long time span from the late nineteenth to the early twenty-first century, in this article, we claim that radio history is broader than the history of broadcasting only. We suggest looking at radio history through the perspective of intermediality and inter-technology, drawing on five different examples: radiography, radiotelegraphy/radiotelephony, radar and satellites, radiomobile/mobile phones with regard to radio spectrum and packet radio networks, such as Wi-Fi. We demonstrate how and why these (and other) technologies should be considered parts of radio studies even though they do not represent classic examples of radio broadcasting. Overall, this intermedia and inter-technological perspective on radio history offers new ways of rethinking and reformulating the confines of radio studies, as well as contributes to a greater field of media studies.

- by Gabriele Balbi and +1
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- Wireless Communications, Intermediality, Mobile Technology, Radar

Optical-based near-real time deforestation alert systems in the Brazilian Amazon are ineffective in the rainy season. This study identify clear-cut deforested areas through Neural Network (NN) algorithm based on C-band, VV-and VH-polarized, Sentinel-1 images. Statistical parameters of backscatter coefficients (mean, standard deviation, and the difference between maximum and minimum values-MMD) were computed from 30 Sentinel-1 images, from 2019, used as input parameters of the NN classifier. The samples were manually selected, including forested and deforested areas. After deforestation, mean backscatter signals decreased on the average of 2 dB for VV and 2.3 dB for VH from May to September-October. A Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) network was used for detecting near-real time forest disturbances larger than 2 ha. Case studies were performed for both polarizations considered the following input sets to the MLP: mean; mean and standard deviation; mean and MMD; and mean, standard deviation, and MMD. For the 2019 dataset, the latter showed the best performance of the NN algorithm with accuracy and F1 score of 99%. Automatic extraction using 2018 Sentinel-1 images reached accuracy and F1 score of 89% with the MapBiomas reference data and accuracy of 81% and F1 score of 79% with the PRODES reference data.

- by Claudia A Silva
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- Radar, Neural Networks, Brazilian Amazon, Synthetic Aperture Radar

Today in the twenty first century the Missile technology is rapidly developing with the advancement of the science. In today's world all types of missiles uses the principle of combustion for its movement. So, until the new technology initiates the tracking of the missile is possible. These missiles can be tracked with the help of Radar, microwave sensing, etc. These equipment are highly advanced and too costly for every developing country to purchase and implement it for their safety.In order to make its design simple, easy to install and to achieve its efficiency, keeping this in background the project has been designed in such a manner that the Missile is detected using an Ultra-sonic sensor at cheaper cost. This will make the proposed system to be an economical, portable and low maintenance solution for tracking a missile. A plane or a unrecognized object by is sensed by the radar up to a certain limit. The thought achieves the same results by the robotic action automatically for possible application in military and industrial usage.

Over the last decade, Diversified Technologies Inc. (DTI) has designed and built solid-state pulse modulators to support high power radar transmitters employing large klystrons and TWT amplifiers. The reliability and performance of these modulators indicate that they can deliver similar benefits to a wide range of high power magnetron oscillators. DTI's modulators use standard circuit components and topologies in a specialized form adapted to insure highly stable operation of magnetron-based radar transmitters. This paper describes several approaches to the design of the modulator circuits, and provides examples of recent fielded transmitters, ranging from low power magnetron systems to turn-key, high power transmitters with multiple TWTs.

- by Neal Butler
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- Packaging, Radar, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Magnetosphere

Radar adalah sebuah alat yang dapat mengetahui keberadaan suatu object di sekitarnya, aplikasi radar banyak macam misalnya pada militer pada polisi, perikanan , pertanahan dan banyak lagi , pada kesempatan ini percobaan digunakan untuk membuktikan bahwa radar dapat mendeteksi objek yang ada di depannya untuk praktek di mata pelajaran teknologi radar di semester 5 stt nusa putra, komponen yang digunakan adalah Arduino uno , motor servo sebagai penggerak dan sensor ping ultrasonic sebagai alat pendeteksi benda, dengan cara memantulkan gelombang ultrasonic ke benda dan kemudian kembali lagi dan software Arduino digunakan untuk memprogram motor servo dan sensor ping ultrasonic dan matlab digunakan sebagai alat untuk melihat gambaran radar secara visual benda di depan secara real time, dari percobaan didapatkan hasil bahwa alat ini berhasil didapatkan dengan jarak maksimal 3 meter dan minimal 2 cm , alat berjalan dengan lancar dan baik walau terkadang ada masalah sedikit di software Arduino dan matlab tapi setelah diulang semua berjalan lancar.mahasiswa pun yang belajar pelajaran teknologi radar merasa puas

- by Marina Natsir
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- Radar, PLC and SCADA based papers

A warship at sea functions like a huge sea creature in respect of a majority of its functions. For example, there is a need for a ship to see, listen, and communicate; it uses Radars, Sonars and Communication equipment for these tasks. The overall goal of the warship is to identify and eliminate the threats arising at sea, thus all the equipment on board a warship is required to function in unison to achieve this aim. Emphasis in this article would be on Communication equipment, discussion on technological aspects of Radars and Sonars would be limited to essentials

- by sanatan kulshrestha
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- Radar, Sonar, Sensors, Navy

Radar (acronym for Radio Detection and Ranging) is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. The radar dish or antenna transmits pulses of radio waves or microwaves that bounce off any object in their path. The object returns a tiny part of the wave's energy to a dish or antenna that is usually located at the same site as the transmitter.

- by Nnaemeka Nweke
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- Telecommunications Engineering, Information Technology, Radar, ICT in Education

"This book provides several flight-validated formulations and algorithms, fortified by thousands of hours working with real GPS and inertial data. The material, not yet widely used only due to its originality, is beginning to appear in classrooms and (soon) in operational systems. Considerable improvement is offered in multiple areas, including:
• transition from pre-GNSS nmi/hr to today's cm/sec for inertial
navigation
• full usage for “fractured” (intermittent and permanently
ambiguous) carrier phase
• rigorous integrity for separate SVs, with integrity validation
extended in several ways
• unprecedented robustness and situation awareness
• state-of-the-art performance with low cost IMUs
• usage of raw data from GPS (carrier phase and pseudorange)
& from IMU (gyro and accelerometer increments)
• "cookbook" steps to obtain nav (position/velocity/attitude)
estimates in all three dimensions from raw data
• user empowerment – complete flexibility and capability for
versatile operation
• new interoperability features, readily mixing observables from
any channel on any constellation (GPS, GLONASS, etc.)
• new insights for much easier implementation.
• formulations for an extensive set of tracking applications
and supporting operations"

- by Ionut Horo
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- Radar

Radar is an acronym for Radio Detection And Ranging.

Radar have become indispensable in several major fields of research and in commerce.

Anadolu Üniversitesi, Yer ve Uzay bilimleri Enstitüsü, Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri , Radar ve Radar çeşitleri, SYM Üretim Aşamaları ve Teknolojileri ders sunumları

- by Tolga Canbey
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- Radar, Sayısal Yöntemler