Embedded Software Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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The main aim of this article is to discuss how the functional and the object-oriented views can be inter-played to represent the various modeling perspectives of embedded systems. We discuss whether the object-oriented modeling paradigm,... more

The main aim of this article is to discuss how the functional and the object-oriented views can be inter-played to represent the various modeling perspectives of embedded systems. We discuss whether the object-oriented modeling paradigm, the predominant one to develop software at the present time, is also adequate for modeling embedded software and how it can be used with the functional paradigm. More specifically, we present how the main modeling tool of the traditional structured methods, data flow diagrams, can be integrated in an object-oriented development strategy based on the unified modeling language. The rationale behind the approach is that both views are important for modeling purposes in embedded systems environments, and thus a combined and integrated model is not only useful, but also fundamental for developing complex systems. The approach was integrated in a model-driven engineering process, where tool support for the models used was provided. In addition, model transformations have been specified and implemented to automate the process. We exemplify the approach with an IPv6 router case study.

Embedded software and dedicated hardware are vital elements of the modern world, from personal electronics to transportation, from communication to aerospace, from military to gaming, from medical systems to banking. Combinations of even... more

Embedded software and dedicated hardware are vital elements of the modern world, from personal electronics to transportation, from communication to aerospace, from military to gaming, from medical systems to banking. Combinations of even minor hardware or software defects in a complex system may lead to violation of safety with or even without evident system failure. a major problem that the computing profession faces is the lack of a universal approach to unite the dissimilar viewpoints presented by computer science, with its discrete and mathematical underpinnings, and by computer engineering, which focuses on building real systems and considering spatial and material constraints of space, energy, and time. Modern embedded systems include both viewpoints: microprocessors running software and programmable electronic hardware created with an extensive use of software. The gap between science and engineering approaches is clearly visible in engineering education. This survey paper fo...

Over the years, millions of data and information in transit have been abused, compromised or lost to cybercriminals/hackers due to inefficient security measures adopted during data transmission. To address this issue this paper reviewed... more

Over the years, millions of data and information in transit have been abused, compromised or lost to cybercriminals/hackers due to inefficient security measures adopted during data transmission. To address this issue this paper reviewed the two basic data security techniques-cryptography and steganography used for securing information and identified their flaws and strengths. A hybridized model of the cryptography and steganography was then developed by embedding cryptography in image steganography. The system was implemented using Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 as the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and was programmed with C# (csharp) which is a .NET language. With this model therefore, the security of transmitted data is assured since any information transmitted is invisible and hence remains hidden to the physical eyes even to the suspecting hacker.

This report describes a formal approach to verification and validation of safety requirements for embedded software, by application to a simple control-logic case study. The logic is formally specified in Z. System safety properties are... more

This report describes a formal approach to verification and validation of safety requirements for embedded software, by application to a simple control-logic case study. The logic is formally specified in Z. System safety properties are formalised by defining an abstract model of the system’s physical behaviour in Z, including its hazardous states and dominant sensor failures. The Possum specification-animation tool is then used to check that the logic meets its safety requirements. Finally, the logic is implemented in SPARK Ada and SPARK Examiner is used to formally verify the implementation meets its specification. Design safety validation and source code verification are completely automated, removing the need for

Skin cancer is the most common among all cancers and its early diagnosis increases the patient's chances of healing. One of the ways to make this diagnosis is through dermatoscopy. Dermatoscopy is a technique that consists of recognizing... more

Skin cancer is the most common among all cancers and its early diagnosis increases the patient's chances of healing. One of the ways to make this diagnosis is through dermatoscopy. Dermatoscopy is a technique that consists of recognizing structures present in the skin, not visible to the naked eye. Therefore, for assisting the use of dermatoscopy by health professionals, this work presents a device to support skin cancer recognition using the histogram of oriented gradients and machine learning, based on the ABCDE rule.

Forward Collision Avoidance (FCA) systems in automobiles is an essential part of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles. These devices currently use, radars as the main sensor. The increasing resolution of camera... more

Forward Collision Avoidance (FCA) systems in automobiles is an essential part of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles. These devices currently use, radars as the main sensor. The increasing resolution of camera sensors, processing capability of hardware chipsets and advances in image processing algorithms, have been pushing the camera based features recently. Monocular cameras face the challenge of accurate scale estimation which limits it use as a stand-alone sensor for this application. This paper proposes an efficient system which can perform multi scale object detection which is being patent granted and efficient 3D reconstruction using structure from motion (SFM) framework. While the algorithms need to be accurate it also needs to operate real time in low cost embedded hardware. The focus of the paper is to discuss how the proposed algorithms are designed in such a way that it can be provide real time performance on low cost embedded CPU's which makes use of only Digital Signal processors (DSP) and vector processing cores.

ABSTRACT Microprocessor-based system's robustness under Single Event Effects is a very current concern. A widely adopted solution to make robust a microprocessor-based system consists in modifying the software application by... more

ABSTRACT Microprocessor-based system's robustness under Single Event Effects is a very current concern. A widely adopted solution to make robust a microprocessor-based system consists in modifying the software application by adding redundancy and fault detection capabilities. The efficiency of the selected software-based solution must be assessed. This evaluation process allows the designers to choose the more suitable robustness technique and check if the hardened system achieves the expected dependability levels. Several approaches with this purpose can be found in the literature, but their efficiency is limited in terms of the number of faults that can be injected, as well as the level of accuracy of the fault injection process. In this paper, we propose FPGA-based fault injection techniques to evaluate software robustness methods under Single Event Upset (SEU) as well as Single Event Transient (SET). Experimental results illustrate the benefits of using the proposed fault injection method, which is able to evaluate a high amount of faults of both types of events.

The natural interaction aspects of the user interface are more significant in the devices of impaired users than the devices of healthy users. This work investigates three controls as the wheelchair controllers according to the design and... more

The natural interaction aspects of the user interface are more significant in the devices of impaired users than the devices of healthy users. This work investigates three controls as the wheelchair controllers according to the design and physicality principles; conventional joystick, isometric joystick, and quad-directional button. Our aim is to provide further ease of use to the impaired whilst strengthening link between embedded software engineering and human-computer interaction. We conclude that an improved multi-function interface design by using Nintendo‘s Wiimote quad-directional button is more intuitive, flexible and natural to use.

Embedded Software is becoming a key buying criterion for new vehicle customers. Workshops, Conferences and Presentations worldwide are showing that SCRUM methodology is increasing software development speed. So far SCRUM has seen little... more

Embedded Software is becoming a key buying criterion for new vehicle customers. Workshops, Conferences and Presentations worldwide are showing that SCRUM methodology is increasing software development speed. So far SCRUM has seen little application in automotive industry where V-model, a more rigid methodology, is dominant. Scientific journals have not been sensitive to the opportunity of speeding up the Embedded Software development by applying SCRUM methodology. The purpose of this study is to provide a firsthand investigation about the factors that may speed up the development and integrate SCRUM with the regular methodology in automotive industry. The challenge is to find the best framework to combine SCRUM and the V-model for Systems Engineering Process. Both should be together applied, as a hybrid methodology, to keep the accepted levels of quality and safety powertrain requirements.

Rotating machines are an integral part of large electrical power machinery in most of the industries. Any degradation or outages in the rotating electric machinery can result in significant losses in productivity. It is critical to... more

Rotating machines are an integral part of large electrical power machinery in most of the industries. Any degradation or outages in the rotating electric machinery can result in significant losses in productivity. It is critical to monitor the equipment for any degradation’s so that it can serve as an early warning for adequate maintenance activities and repair. Prior research and field studies have indicated that the rotating machines have a particular type of signal structure during the initial start-up transient. This signal structure can be modelled by an exponentially damped sinusoidal signal during initial start-up. The major focus of this project is to take advantage of this a prior knowledge of signal structure to study the effect of degradation in two main signal parameters: frequency components of transient signal and the associated exponential damping factor.
In this work, a data acquisition system is first used to sample the transient signal. This signal is analysed on an embedded TMS320 based DSP core platform. Both FFT and MPM estimators have been implemented to study various signals captured by the data-acquisition system. For measuring the frequency of operation, both FFT and MPM were employed whereas the damping coefficient is calculated using MPM method. Initial implementation and validation was conducted in MATLAB and Simulink. Once validated, the code was ported on to TMS320 platform. The results show good agreement with expected results for both simulated and real-time data. The real-time data from AC water pumps which have rotating motors built-in were collected and analysed.
It is found that the frequency estimation performance of the MPM matches that of the FFT for synthetic and real time data. The evaluation of the condition of machines based on the damping coefficient using MPM matched with the actual condition of the machine.

Embedded system requires a design which combines hardware and software. The key of embedded system is embedded microcontroller. Embedded computing both hardware and software occupy an important place in India’s economy by providing more... more

Embedded system requires a design which combines hardware and software. The key of embedded system is embedded microcontroller. Embedded computing both hardware and software occupy an important place in India’s economy by providing more than billions jobs in this sector. Embedded system is trend for engineers. Real world problem importantly in embedded system is hardware and software design and utilization. The concept underlying theory in embedded hardware i.e. microcontroller and microprocessor platform and embedded software ie. Programming in c, c++, java etc requires challenging task, integration and testing to students both graduate and post graduate.
To have implementation skill and optimization close to ‘embedded microcontroller’ platform this paper address basic skill in hardware, software design and development to understand the theory and is very important in context to products development approach. The purpose of this paper is to present our approach in learning software and hardware solution. We summarized recent progress and trying to provide new comparative insight using 8051, AVR, and ARM embedded microcontrollers. Better exploring the performance, compatibility, features with various other key features which will help in direction to provide new prospective to embedded system design and development.
Keywords: ARM, AVR, Embedded system, microcontroller, 8051.

Atmel at89s51 After a few trials by myself and searching the Internet I finally could resolve the issue. How it was solved (do all of them): 1. Check if the USBasp driver is properly installed (update it from settings). 2. Recheck the... more

Atmel at89s51
After a few trials by myself and searching the Internet I finally could resolve the issue. How it was solved (do all of them):
1. Check if the USBasp driver is properly installed (update it from settings).
2. Recheck the jumpers. Change them if they are weakly connected.
3. Try to change the port, sometimes some ports can malfunction (ex. from port 1 to port 0).
4. Press reset button for 10 seconds.
5. Try to erase current program from progisp compiler, and load flash of hex file again.

It is a fast brief report for Intel Atom processors.

Embedded systems represent a rapidly growing branch of information technology characterized by the need for increased dependability, timeliness and efficiency. The goal of the project was to build elevator system for 3-floor building.... more

Embedded systems represent a rapidly growing branch of information technology characterized by the need for increased dependability, timeliness and efficiency.
The goal of the project was to build elevator system for 3-floor building.
There are three buttons to call the elevator for the corresponding floor, and three LEDs signalling of elevator coming.

The paper consists of the design and implementation of a microkernel. The project is developed on ISO-C without the standard libraries, in such a way that the code can be easily ported to any architecture and used as a basis for future... more

The paper consists of the design and implementation of a microkernel. The project is developed on ISO-C without the standard libraries, in such a way that the code can be easily ported to any architecture and used as a basis for future projects. It will also address the standardization of the procedures and hardware requisitions, encapsulated as drivers.