Replacement Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Excess demand of natural resources on account of expeditious urbanization and the scrapping problem of agricultural waste have paved the way for research in usage of organic waste in the construction industry. Scores of organic waste... more

Excess demand of natural resources on account of expeditious urbanization and the scrapping problem of agricultural waste have paved the way for research in usage of organic waste in the construction industry. Scores of organic waste materials have found their usage in concrete as substitute alternatives for cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and reinforcing materials. This paper highlights and examines some of the organic waste material used as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete which is being defined and termed as organic waste concrete in present context. The paper aims at evaluating the strength characteristics of organic waste concrete by using different organic wastes and thus understanding the feasibility of using each organic waste. Distinct properties of fresh and hardened concrete, their reliability when admixed with organic wastes are examined. It has been observed that the organic waste concrete containing groundnut shell, rice husk ash, saw dust ash demonstrated more desirable workability than their other substitutes did. Organic waste concrete containing bagasse ash, sawdust ash attained their required strength by 20% of replacement as fine aggregate which were maximum among all organic waste type concrete. Accurate comparison was predicted among compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength of organic waste concrete. Introduction of bagasse ash as fine aggregate in concrete improved the resilience to chloride tapping. After the careful investigation, it is of substantial conclusion that additional exploration and testing is justified on all fine aggregates substituting organic waste, which would give further certainty on their exploitation in concrete.

Availability of natural sand is insufficient to meet the requirements of rapidly developing construction industry. This experimental work is carried out to investigate suitability of Granite sand as replacement of natural sand in... more

Availability of natural sand is insufficient to meet the requirements of rapidly developing construction industry. This experimental work is carried out to investigate suitability of Granite sand as replacement of natural sand in concrete. In present situation industrial waste material are used for sand replacing material. Granite waste is easily available in market or Granite factories; also Granite waste improves compressive strength. Based on Results it is recommended that up to 60% of natural sand can be replaced with granite. The concrete produced with 60% replacement gives considerable compressive strength as compared to conventional concrete.

The present dissertation is on replacement of fine aggregate, as metakaolin, brick powder & fly ash, in this present construction concrete world the natural resources are undergoing to depletion and wastage of various materials are... more

The present dissertation is on replacement of fine aggregate, as metakaolin, brick powder & fly ash, in this present construction concrete world the natural resources are undergoing to depletion and wastage of various materials are increased day by day. The construction growth also increased due to the heavy population .in this present manuscript the various materials are used as fine aggregate and check the concrete characteristics at various curing periods and know the behavior of the concrete. In this present study deals with the strength properties of concrete by using flyash,metakaolin& brick powder as partial supplements for fine aggregate at 0,5,10,15,20 at various curing periods 7,28,56 days. The use of materials in cement concrete a) Materials will modify properties of the concrete b) Control the concrete production cost c) To overcome the scarcity of fine aggregated) clever usage of waste materials

Now-a-days usage of plastic and generation of plastic refuse increases day by day, so necessary steps should be taken to reduce pollution due to plastic waste. In this paper, plastic refuse was used as a fine aggregate in some percentage... more

Now-a-days usage of plastic and generation of plastic refuse increases day by day, so necessary steps should be taken to reduce pollution due to plastic waste. In this paper, plastic refuse was used as a fine aggregate in some percentage with Manufactured sand (M-sand) instead of river sand to reduce the impact of pollution caused by plastic refuse. Since the demand for natural sand has increased drastically. The replacement of river sand by plastic refuse should not affect the strength as well. In this way, it is easy to manage the demand of natural sand and pollution due to improper disposal of plastic refuse. In previous studies, there was a strength reduction in the concrete as the addition of plastic refuse increases. The addition of plastic refuse in the form of pellets has increased the strength of concrete as plastic pellets are having more density than raw plastic refuse. The addition of plastic pellets of 4% has achieved a maximum compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of 28 N/mm 2 , 1.96 N/mm 2 and 2.75 N/mm 2 respectively at the end of 28 days curing.

If a disabled newborn infant dies, her parents may be able to conceive another child without impairment. This is sometimes referred to as ‘replacement’. Some philosophers have argued that replacement provides a strong reason for disabled... more

If a disabled newborn infant dies, her parents may be able to conceive another child without impairment. This is sometimes referred to as ‘replacement’. Some philosophers have argued that replacement provides a strong reason for disabled newborns to be killed or allowed to die. In this paper I focus on the case for replacement as it relates to decisions about life support in newborn intensive care. I argue (following Jeff McMahan) that the impersonal reason to replace is weak and easily outweighed. I assess and reject several possible ways in which the impersonal reason to replace could be defended. I then address an alternative justification for replacement – as an individual-affecting benefit. The strongest justification for replacement may be the interests of parents. In the latter part of the paper I look at a related question. What role should replacement play in decisions about the funding of newborn intensive care?

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bambara groundnut meal (BGM) as the dietary carbohydrate source and as an alternative of dietary wheat flour in nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Results from the nutrient... more

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bambara groundnut meal (BGM) as the dietary carbohydrate source and as an alternative of dietary wheat flour in nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Results from the nutrient profile analysis of various carbohydrate ingredients showed, higher crude protein and lipid content in bambara groundnut meal followed by wheat flour, dextrin and corn starch. Whereas, dextrin was found to content lower amount of moisture compared to bambara groundnut meal, wheat flour and dextrin. Four isonitrogeonus and isocaloric diets were formulated to replace wheat flour using bambara groundnut meal at 0 (CON), 25 (BGM25), 50 (BGM50), and 100% (BGM100). Nile tilapia fish individual initial weight averaging 20±0.5 g (mean ± standard deviation) were fed one of the four experimental diets at 2~3% of body weight per day for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences in the average weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) among the group of fish fed Control, BGM25 and BGM50 diets (P < 0.05). However, WG and SGR of fish fed BGM100 diet was significantly lower than that of fish fed BGM25 diet (P < 0.05). Crude protein and crude lipid content in the fish whole body proximate composition was not much affected by the BGM inclusion as a carbohydrate source. Therefore, the overall observations from the current experiment may suggest the potential of bambara groundnut meal as the carbohydrate ingredient in omnivorous fish diets. The optimum replacement level of wheat flour using bambara groundnut meal could be greater than 50 but less than 100% of diet in nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.

As assets age, they generally deteriorate, resulting in rising operating and maintenance costs and decreasing salvage values. In this paper a comprehensive Dynamic Programming-based optimisation solution methodology is used to solve the... more

As assets age, they generally deteriorate, resulting in rising operating and maintenance costs and decreasing salvage values. In this paper a comprehensive Dynamic Programming-based optimisation solution methodology is used to solve the equipment replacement optimisation problem on the replacement of conveyor belts at a Gold Mining company in Zimbabwe. Given a mining setup with one and two-year old conveyor belts the ultimate objective is to keep or replace the conveyor belt such that the overall cost of material handling is minimised within a five-year period. The findings reveal that this mining system should replace conveyor belts yearly. It is concluded that, an equipment replacement policy for conveyor belts is a necessity in a mining system so as to achieve an optimal contribution to the economic value that a mining system may accrue within a period of time.

A large amount of industrial waste is produced every year around the world, in which it has a direct impact on the environment. The storage of such wastes that remains at the disposal area poses a problem in present day society which will... more

A large amount of industrial waste is produced every year around the world, in which it has a direct impact on the environment. The storage of such wastes that remains at the disposal area poses a problem in present day society which will pollute the air. These wastes thus require a suitable form of management to achieve sustainable development. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of the addition of eggshells ash partially replaced with cement in the concrete mix. In this research study, the Ordinary Portland Cement has been replaced by eggshells waste ash accordingly in the range of 0%, 1%, and 2.5%. The specimens were casted and cured under standard curing conditions for 28 days before inserted into carbonation chamber for 5 weeks and 10 weeks. At the end of carbonation process period, the depth of carbonation penetrates values were determined. The result demonstrates that eggshells ash can be used as a partial replacement in the concrete mix. The concrete passed the workability test and gave positive results on the concrete durability. Reusing this kind of waste poses advantages to the economic and environmental. Indirectly, it will contribute to a better quality of life for the civilian and at the same time introduce the concept of sustainability in the construction industry.

Forni, M., 2007. Laboratory animal science: A resource to improve the quality of science. Veterinary Research Communications, 31(Suppl. 1), 43–47 The contribution of animal experimentation to biomedical research is of undoubted value,... more

Forni, M., 2007. Laboratory animal science: A resource to improve the quality of science. Veterinary Research Communications, 31(Suppl. 1), 43–47 The contribution of animal experimentation to biomedical research is of undoubted value, nevertheless the real usefulness of animal models is still being hotly debated. Laboratory Animal Science is a multidisciplinary approach to humane animal experimentation that allows the choice of the correct animal model and the collection of unbiased data. Refinement, Reduction and Replacement, the “3Rs rule”, are now widely accepted and have a major influence on animal experimentation procedures. Refinement, namely any decrease in the incidence or severity of inhumane procedures applied to animals, has been today extended to the entire lives of the experimental animals. Reduction of the number of animals used to obtain statistically significant data may be achieved by improving experimental design and statistical analysis of data. Replacement refers to the development of validated alternative methods. A Laboratory Animal Science training program in biomedical degrees can promote the 3Rs and improve the welfare of laboratory animals as well as the quality of science with ethical, scientific and economic advantages complying with the European requirement that “persons who carry out, take part in, or supervise procedures on animals, or take care of animals used in procedures, shall have had appropriate education and training”.

Python is a programming language that works more quickly and integrates the systems more effectively. Today, Python ranks 5th most popular language, according to TIOBE index. Considering the simplicity of python as a programming language,... more

Python is a programming language that works more quickly and integrates the systems more effectively. Today, Python ranks 5th most popular language, according to TIOBE index. Considering the simplicity of python as a programming language, the value of python is growing across industries and projects. Skilled Python programmers are in great demand everywhere. In the light of the increase in demand for python program, the current paper depicts the formulation of a unique case of management reflecting how a manager can be assisted with a python program replacing human assistance. The paper highlights that human replacement by python software program brings in value addition to the organizations or businesses in the form of an increase in efficiency, effectiveness, and decrease in costs.

Advancements in surgical technique and understanding of the pathophysiology of mitral valve (MV) dysfunction have led to improved outcomes. Seen as a development beyond measures of morbidity and mortality, health-related quality-of-life... more

Advancements in surgical technique and understanding of the pathophysiology of mitral valve (MV) dysfunction have led to improved outcomes. Seen as a development beyond measures of morbidity and mortality, health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) outcome measures are becoming increasingly popular. These measures are important because complications following routine (i.e. low-risk) operations on the MV are uncommon and further markers of outcome are needed. Surgeons are increasingly operating earlier on asymptomatic patients and will need to prove that HRQOL is not impacted. Novel minimally invasive and transcatheter technologies will also need to demonstrate satisfactory HRQOL outcomes prior to widespread use. This systematic review provides an overview of all available literature detailing HRQOL in patients receiving MV interventions. In the 43 studies included, 6865 patients underwent procedures ranging from open replacement to percutaneous repair using devices such as the Mitraclip...

Rotational malalignment still accounts for an unacceptable number of failures in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This paper presents a literature review of previously published papers describing rotational alignment of the distal femur and... more

Rotational malalignment still accounts for an unacceptable number of failures in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This paper presents a literature review of previously published papers describing rotational alignment of the distal femur and discussing different techniques in obtaining correct rotational alignment of the femoral component in TKA. Based on the published values, the following mean angular relationships between the rotation axes of the distal femur in the axial plane can be calculated: the posterior condylar line is on average 3 degrees internally rotated relative to the surgical transepicondylar axis (TEA), 5 degrees relative to the anatomical TEA and 4 degrees relative to the perpendicular to the trochlear anteroposterior axis. The greatest interindividual variability is described for the trochlear AP axis. The worst track record regarding inter- and intraobserver variability is for the TEA. Given the large ranges and standard deviations of all reference axes, and the i...

Abstract: Genetic Algorithm is an indispensible tool in molecular docking for studying binding interactions between target protein and ligand (drug) in drug discovery process. Among the various molecular docking tools available, the most... more

Abstract: Genetic Algorithm is an indispensible tool in molecular docking for studying binding interactions between target protein and ligand (drug) in drug discovery process. Among the various molecular docking tools available, the most widely used is AutoDock which uses several search algorithms to generate various poses of the ligand in the active site of the protein. Most of the search algorithms suffer from the problem of premature convergence. To overcome the problem of premature convergence and to further enhance the performance of AutoDock interms of finding the lowest binding energy, the researchers in the present work have designed and developed an algorithm called Hybrid-ALPS. Hybrid-ALPS a conformation search optimization algorithm developed in the present investigation has been tested with CYP2B6 and its various polymorphs as receptors and an anti cancer drug Cyclophosphamide as ligand. It has significantly performed better than its precursor Generational-ALPS implement...