Flyash Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The present study involved the utilization of crushed glass as an auxiliary additive in the manufacture of cement stabilized fly ash (CSF) bricks. The bricks were made with 1:1 proportion of fly ash and sand stabilized with 20 % cement. Crushed glass was used as replacement for the fine aggregate in increments of 10 % up to 40 % wherein the sand was completely replaced with crushed glass. The various mix proportions were then moulded into bricks with the addition of water by hand moulding method of forming the bricks and sun dried followed by sprinkle curing over a period of 21 days. The bricks were then subjected to compressive strength, water absorption and efflorescence tests to gauge its performance. The investigation revealed that the addition of crushed glass to the brick mix resulted in an increase in strength of the bricks, however, the maximum strength achieved could not achieve the strength of the control specimen. But the strength was higher than the minimum strength recommended by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for stabilized blocks as well as burnt bricks. It also reduced the water absorption marginally while no efflorescence was seen in any of the combinations. A cost comparison revealed that the optimal combination with crushed glass was able reduce the cost of the brick by 20 %.

- by Jijo James and +2
- •
- Waste Management, Cement, Flyash, Stabilized Compressed Earth Blocks

Several phytochemicals from plants have recently attracted a great deal of attention, mainly due to their role in anticancerous, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties etc. At present there are so many economically important plant species that are being utilized for their important secondary metabolites. Utilization, extraction and chelation activity of weeds rich in secondary metabolites would be useful for cleaning of agricultural land by harnessing their phytoremediation properties. Local weeds present on the water pond site of flyash discharge of industries can be utilized for phytoremediation by public, farmers and industries for the benefit of humans and the environment. The ultimate purpose of paper is to focus on a water pollution management technology that is low-tech, cheap and above all ecologically friendly.

- by Anju Meshram
- •
- Phytoremediation, Flyash
- by Devendra Kumar Pandey and +1
- •
- Concrete, Flyash

Damage recoverability
structures has been garnering attention
affected due to natural disasters as well as human imposed distress are comparatively
cost-efficient to rehabilitate rather than demolition and re
commonly practiced strengthening techniqu
Polymer retrofit is advantageous in several aspects. However, o
concerns in FRP rehabilitation method is the application of high impact epoxy resin
as a bonding material. Getting in contact with epo
health effects as well as profoundly deteriorating the surrounding marine ecosystem.
Therefore, a comprehensive literature analysis has been undertaken to provide
eminent discussions in adopting an alternate sustainable bondi
expident replacement for epoxy,
geopolymers with varying rheology

- by IAEME Publication
- •
- Flyash, Epoxy, Metakaolin, Sustainability

As a construction material, most commonly used material all over the world is concrete which is produced by Ordinary
Portland cement and aggregates mixed with water. OPC is the most widely used binder material in concrete. The amount of OPC
approximately present in concrete is 10% - 20% by mass of concrete. Production of OPC is creating the environmental problems
over the decades.
The production of Portland cement worldwide is increasing 9% annually. Portland cement produces almost 1.5 billion tones of
greenhouse gas annually or about 7% of total greenhouse gas emissions to the earth’s atmosphere. Approximately to produce 1
ton of OPC 1 ton of CO2 is released to the environment. Due to this environmental issue, research on alternative binder material
evolved.
It is important to find an alternative material which will liberate less carbon to atmosphere than cement. Industrial waste
products like Fly ash and GGBS can be converted in to concrete through Geopolymer.

- by IJRASET Publication
- •
- Flyash, Geopolymer, Ultrafine GGBS

Stabilization of soil is important to enhance the engineering properties of expansive soil like strength, volume stability and durability. The Black cotton soils are very hard when dry, but lose its strength completely when in wet condition Expansive soils (black cotton soil) are a worldwide problem that poses several challenges for civil Engineers. In this research has been made to stabilize the soil using Fly ash and Lime. Experimental work has been carried out with 10%, 20%, and 30% of Fly ash as well 5 %, 10 % and 15% of lime content. The experimental work is based on different percentages of Fly ash and lime content in soil on tests for soil Atterberg limit, California Bearing Ratio test, Unconfined Compression Test and Standard Proctor Test. The aim of this project was done by utilizing binding materials to improve the engineering properties of the black cotton soil.

Real-size fly ash/lime bricks were produced in a steam autoclave. Tobermorite and katoite were formed as binding phases in bricks. Single axis compressive strength of the bricks was 76.5 kg f/cm 2. The thermal conductivity of the bricks were measured as 0.225 W m À1 K À1. a b s t r a c t Fly ash is one of the coal combustion products (CCPs) of coal burning power plants and it contains substantial amounts of potentially harmful constituents to the environment. It is known that nearly 600 million tons of fly ash is produced in the world per-annum. In Turkey, the annual production of fly ash is, on average, 13 million tons and only a small amount of this is utilized. This study examines the production of lightweight , high thermal insulating bricks made out of the fly ash and lime. Cylindrical brick samples were produced through steam curing of Seyitömer thermal power plant fly ash and lime mixtures in an autoclave in order to determine the optimum conditions for mechanically sound bricks. Subsequently, at the optimum conditions determined, real-size bricks were produced and subjected to standard tests. The findings of this paper suggest that fly ash/lime bricks can be an alternative product to aerated cellular concrete.

- by Tayfun Çiçek and +1
- •
- Flyash, Bricks, Limes, Autoclave

The rising cost of construction material is a matter of concern. The reason for increase in cost is high demand of concrete and scarcity of raw material. Hence the concrete technologists must search for some economical alternative to the coarse aggregate. In this study M 30 grade of concrete was produced by partially replacing cement by flyash and coarse aggregate by coconut shell. Conventional concrete with normal aggregate and coconut shell concrete with 10 - 40% coarse aggregate replacement with CS were made and properties like compressive strength, and split tensile strength were investigated. Cubes of size 150mmX150mmX150mm to check the compressive strength and cylinders of 150mm dia and 300mm length were casted. All the specimens were cured for the period of 7, 14 and 28 days before crushing. The compressive strength of coconut shell concrete for 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% obtained for 28 days are 35.72 N/mm2, 33.71 N/mm2, 29.91 N/mm2 and 25.21 N/mm2 respectively and the corresponding split tensile strength are 3.65 N/mm2 , 3.46 N/mm2, 3.12 N/mm2, and 2.88 N/mm2 respectively. Results indicated that there is moderate decrease in compressive strength for 10% 20% and 30% replacement i,e 5.67% ,10.93% 23.05%, corresponding decrease in split tensile strength 6.16% 11.05% and 19.97% respectively. The results of the study showed that concrete produced by replacing 10% to 20% of coarse aggregate by coconut shells can be used in reinforced concrete construction and 30% to 40% replacement can be in structural lightweight concrete (ASTM C330, 1999). A potential exists for the use of coconut shells as replacement of conventional aggregate in both conventional reinforced concrete and lightweight reinforced concrete construction. The use of coconut shells as partial replacement for conventional aggregates should be encouraged as an environmental protection and construction cost reduction measure.

Flyash is a waste product generated from coal based thermal power plants. Globally, disposal of fly ash is a great challenge for the planners. Dumping the ash in nearby wastelands is most preferred disposal method adopted by the agencies. In India, such depositions are often transformed in to varying sizes of ponds that are known as fly ash ponds. Out of the 8 major thermal power plants of Maharashtra, fly ash ponds associated with Nashik Thermal Power Station were explored as habitats for the faunal diversity. Despite the toxic nature of flyash, these sites harbour significant avian diversity (128 species). Interestingly, these ponds are situated in close proximity with Nandur-Madhyameshwar Bird Sanctuary along the Nandur-Madhyameshwar dam. This in fact encouraged a comparative study of avian diversity of both these man-made wetlands. The analysis based on field observations made during 2007-2011, shows high similarity value (0.75) between these habitats. Nevertheless, flyash ponds remain neglected and devoid of any legal protection. Present study signifies the association of avifauna with these specialized habitats that can be converted into eco parks to protect these sites and introduce alternate livelihood options to the affected community.

- by Pankaj Koparde
- •
- Migration, Avian Ecology, Flyash

This work reports a comprehensive study of the adsorption characteristics of cadmium(II) on modified structures of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibres (CNFs), activated carbon (AC), and fly ash (FA). The characterization was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface analysis. Several experimental parameters; ad-sorbent dosage, pH, and agitation speed and contact time, were investigated for their effects on the adsorp-tion of cadmium(II) from water. The optimum conditions of 2 h of contact time, pH 7, 50 mg adsorbent dosage and 150 rpm rotational speed were observed. Models of first-order, second-order and pseudo-second-order were fitted to the experimental data, and pseudo-second-order kinetics were observed to describe the adsorption of cadmium(II) on these adsorbents. The adsorption behaviours of cadmium(II) were evaluated using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacities of the modified adsorbents were observed to be 2.02 mg/g, 1.98 mg/g, 1.22 mg/g and 1.58 mg/g, for CNTs, AC, CNFs and FA, as obtained from Langmuir isotherm models. It was determined that surface modification of the CNTs, CNFs, and AC enhanced their adsorption efficiency. The results obtained are promising for the use of these modified materials with respect to water purification applications.

- by Ihsan Khan and +1
- •
- Water Treatment, Carbon Nanotubes, Adsorption, Activated Carbon

A model has been developed to predict the flow rates of solids (bottom ash and flyash) out of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, using fuel and sorbent properties and the plant solids feed data. Fuel particles were separated by density and size classes, and characterized. The attrition of coarse fuel particles that form flyash after combustion is quantified by means of an attrition coefficient for each particle class. The model was used to calculate attrition coefficients for the heavier (higher mineral content) fuel particles which were obtained by gravity separation (float–sink analysis). Toward this end, solids analyses and operating data from two commercial CFB power plants in Pennsylvania were used. This model can be of use for assessing the ability of the flyash and bottom ash handling systems in a CFB power plant to handle the ash streams produced when a plant changes fuels.

- by Nari Soundarrajan
- •
- Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Power Plant, Fuel

The by-products obtained from industries such as Silica Fume (SF) and Fly Ash (FA) can be utilized to improve the strength and durability of High-Performance Concrete (HPC). The application of these industrial by-products is becoming common all over the world because of the reduction of their potentially dangerous effects on the environment. This paper investigates the behavior of Silica Fume as a fractional replacement to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) on the parameters such as water permeability, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural tensile strength of High-Performance Concrete (HPC). HPC mixes with silica fume contents of 0 %, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% and a constant proportion of 10% fly ash was adopted in the trial mixes. Superplasticizer in optimum dosage was added to achieve required workability. Tests were conducted to determine the optimum proportion of Silica fume which yields appreciable Fresh and hardened state properties.

- by IAEME Publication
- •
- Compressive Strength, Flyash, High Performance Concrete, Flexural Strength

This investigation involved the examination of pozzolanic benefits that resulted from the amendment of lime stabilization of a soil by using a combination of two industrial wastes viz. Fly ash (FA) and Steel Slag (SS). Two lime contents (6% and 8%), which represented the control specimens, were selected for stabilizing the soil, one above the Initial Consumption of Lime (ICL) and the other above the Optimum Lime Content (OLC), respectively. The lime to total solid waste ratio was maintained as 1:1, and the FA/SS ratio varied within the total solid waste content adopted for amending lime stabilization. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the stabilized samples were determined by casting UCS specimens of 38 mm x 76 mm and cured for 2 hours, 7, 14 and 28 days. After curing, the specimens were strained until failure, to study the pozzolanic benefits of adding FA-SS. The results revealed that the addition of FA and SS improved the pozzolanic strength, ranging from 3.5% to 15%. The optimal dosage of FA and SS also varied with the lime content adopted. For the 6% lime content, a FA/SS ratio of 1:1 was found to be optimal, whereas for the 8% lime content, a FA/SS ratio of 3:1 was found to develop the maximum strength. The amendment of lime stabilization with FA/SS clearly brought about the difference in lime stabilization stages, unseen when only lime was adopted as stabilizer.

- by Jijo James
- •
- Soil Stabilization, Flyash, Solid Wastes, Steel Slag
- by Editor IJRET
- •
- Environmental Engineering, Embodied Energy, Flyash

This experimental investigation on strength of concrete and optimum percentage of the partial replacement by preparing a mix M20 grade was designed as per Indian Standard method and the same was used to prepare the test samples. The design mix proportion used were Conventional Concrete, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% replacement of cement by industrial waste like fly ash and hypo sludge.In the test performed,the optimum compressive stress obtained by utilizing paper waste was at 30% replacement. At the place where strength is not of more importance or rather structure is for temporary basis then design mix proportion up to 40% replacement can also be utilized.Test also point towards developing low cost concrete by varying design mix proportion from 10%replacement to 40%replacement. The compared values of cost show gradual decrement in total cost of per cubic meter concrete. The difference in costfrom normal concrete to partially replaced concrete is about Rs.850/-
.When government implement the projects for temporary shelters for who those affected by natural disaster, this material can be used for economic feasibility.To investigate the utilization of Hypo Sludge and fly ash as Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) and influence of these hypo sludge and fly ash on the Strength of concretes made with different Cement replacement levels and compare with ordinary concrete. Investigate low cost concrete by using hypo sludge and fly ash as SCM and compare the cost of each per meter cube

- by ABHILASH C H A N D R A DEY
- •
- Flyash, Civil Engineering Materials, Civil Enginering

The present dissertation is on replacement of fine aggregate, as metakaolin, brick powder & fly ash, in this present construction concrete world the natural resources are undergoing to depletion and wastage of various materials are increased day by day. The construction growth also increased due to the heavy population .in this present manuscript the various materials are used as fine aggregate and check the concrete characteristics at various curing periods and know the behavior of the concrete. In this present study deals with the strength properties of concrete by using flyash,metakaolin& brick powder as partial supplements for fine aggregate at 0,5,10,15,20 at various curing periods 7,28,56 days. The use of materials in cement concrete a) Materials will modify properties of the concrete b) Control the concrete production cost c) To overcome the scarcity of fine aggregated) clever usage of waste materials

- by Ijariit Journal and +2
- •
- Civil Engineering, Flyash, Replacement, Metakaolin

Plasma Spray of Flyash-composite on different metal substrate.

- by Ajit Behera
- •
- Surface Engineering, Plasma spray coatings, Flyash

Aluminium based composites has wide range of applications due to its excellent property combinations like improved mechanical properties, better wear and high corrosion resistance, ease to process and probably reduced production cost etc. The two or more phases combined together to form a composite one is base metal alloy and other is reinforcement ceramic. The most commonly used reinforcements are carbides, oxides and nitrides. A lot of research has taken place including carbide and oxide as reinforcement particles for aluminum matrix composites (AMCs). Researchers also incorporated flyash by-product of thermal power plant as reinforcement to prepare AMC's. Present work is focused on study of properties of composite developed with aluminium alloy (LM25) as matrix with reinforcement of silicon nitride and flyash. Samples are prepared by varying the %age of silicon nitride from 5% to20% increment of 5% and keeping the flyash content fixed at 5%. Stir casting method is utilized to prepare the samples. Tensile test, wear test, hardness test are done to analyze the mechanical properties of composite whereas SEM and optical microscopy is performed for characterization of AMC's. The results so obtained are correlated and compare with pure aluminium alloy. Results showed that hardness and wear resistance is more in the AMC having 20%wt of silicon nitride and 5% flyash. On the other hand tensile strength is more in sample having 15%wt of silicon nitride and 5% flyash. SEM and optical microscopy showed the homogeneous mixture of reinforcements in the aluminium alloy.

- by IJRASET Publication
- •
- Biodegradable polymer composites, Silicon Nitride, Flyash, Stir Casting
- by srinivasan venkatraman
- •
- Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, SCC, Flyash

This study investigates the effect of fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as partial
replacement of cement in the manufacture of concrete. Manufactured sand (M-sand) is used as fine aggregate in the place of
scarce river sand. The grade of concrete used is M20. The cube, cylindrical and prism specimens were cast and subjected to wet
curing. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete specimen was tested at 28 days. The
experimental results indicated that replacement of cement by flyash resulted in decreasing the compressive strength and these
strength values falls below 20 MPa after 30% partial replacement of cement by flyash. Further, the flyash is partial replaced by
GGBS and then experimental tests were conducted. The cement concrete having binder proportions (50% cement, 30% flyash
and 20% GGBS) provides better mechanical performance and optimum results in economical considerations. Hence the use of
major industrial wastes such as fly ash and GGBS is found to be feasible in the production of new sustainable construction
material.

The research is aimed to study about the behaviour of geopolymer concrete when used with different percentage of chemical additives. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), along with steel is the main construction material used in reinforced concrete structures. However, the manufacturing of Portland cement and the concrete production are both energy intensive and result in considerable CO 2 emissions. Cement production alone is estimated as being responsible for 6-10% of total CO 2 production worldwide, with the production of 1 ton of cement producing 1 ton of CO 2. As considerable quantities of Portland cement are manufactured worldwide, even a small reduction in its production could result in significant environmental benefits in terms of CO 2 emission. The use of inorganic residual products from certain manufacturing industries has been used for long as partial replacement for Portland cement. These are most notably fly-ash, rice husk ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, waste paper sludge ash, micro-silica etc. It is recognized that alkali additions to fly-ash or slag can activate these materials to set and harden in their own right thereby forming alkali-activated systems; however, the focus of this study is on the use of chemical pre-treatment of fly-ash to form a geopolymer which will set and harden and could be offered as a viable alternative to Portland cement. Studies have demonstrated that it is conceivable to utilize fly ash as a sole binder by activating it with alkaline materials such as: caustic alkalis; silicate salts; non-silicate, weak acid salts; aluminates; alumino-silicates; and non-silicate, strong acid salts. Hence, the product of this reaction is C-S-H gel i.e. the product formed during the hydration of Portland cement Keywords: Flyash, chemical additives (like NaOH & Na 2 SiO 3), Workability test, Compressive strength test, cost analysis. I. INTRODUCTION Our present study aims to investigate in the same context i.e. the various properties of geopolymer concrete at different percentage of chemical additives say 15%, 20% and 25%.The manufacturing of Portland cement and the concrete production are both energy intensive and result in the emissions of CO 2. Considering that Portland cement has a high embodied energy and contributes significantly CO 2 production to the worldwide. There is considerable possibility for the advancement of cement-free binders and represents an area which could impact significantly on the drive for more sustainable construction materials and practices. The use of some residual products from certain manufacturing industries has been used for long as partial replacement for Portland cement some of them are fly-ash, rice husk ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, waste paper sludge ash, micro-silica etc. In this study we use flyash in place of cement for production of concrete. It is acknowledged that additions to fly-ash can activate these materials to set and harden in their own right thereby forming alkali-activated systems; however, the focus of this study is on the use of chemical pre-treatment of fly-ash to form a geopolymer which will set and harden and could be offered as an alternative to Portland cement. Geopolymer concrete is produced using source materials which show pozzolanic properties that are rich in silica and alumina. One possible alternative, as noted above, the use of alkaline additives using industrial by-products containing alumino-silicate materials. Fly-ash is one of most common industrial by-product which is broadly used to upgrade physical, chemical and mechanical properties of cement and concrete. The silica and alumina in the Class-F fly ash are activated by a combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions to form the geopolymer paste which binds the aggregates and unreacted materials. Si-Al Material + Chemical Additives (NaOH + Na 2 SiO 3) + Water ↓ Geopolymer Binder + Water The objective of the study is to understand the behaviour of geopolymer concrete at different percentage of chemical additives by means of workability test, compressive strength and cost analysis

Atieh (2016) Adsorption of phenol on aluminum oxide impregnated fly ash, Desalination and Water Treatment, 57:15, 6801-6808, In this work, the potential of fly ash impregnated with aluminum oxide (FA-Al 2 O 3) for adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution was studied. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of the experimental parameters pH, agitation speed, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration on the phenol removal efficiency. The adsorption of phenol by FA-Al 2 O 3 was found to be pH dependent with the best removal achieved at pH 7. The optimum set of parameters for the removal were, 200 rpm agitation speed, 200 mg adsorbent dosage, 2 h contact time, and 2 ppm initial phenol concentration. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models represented the adsorption experimental data. However, the Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the data on the adsorption of phenol using FA and FA-Al 2 O 3 , with correlation coefficient of 97.7 and 97.9, respectively. The improvement in the adsorption efficiency of FA-Al 2 O 3 over FA could be attributed to the increase in the surface area, which was found to be 11.889 m 2 /g and 7.1 m 2 /g for FA-Al 2 O 3 and FA, respectively.

- by Ihsan Khan
- •
- Water Treatment, Flyash, Phenols, Impregnation

Abstract Fly ash is one of the coal combustion products (CCPs) of coal burning power plants and it contains substantial amounts of potentially harmful constituents to the environment. It is known that nearly 600 million tons of fly ash is produced in the world per-annum. In Turkey, the annual production of fly ash is, on average, 13 million tons and only a small amount of this is utilized. This study examines the production of light-weight, high thermal insulating bricks made out of the fly ash and lime. Cylindrical brick samples were produced through steam curing of Seyitomer thermal power plant fly ash and lime mixtures in an autoclave in order to determine the optimum conditions for mechanically sound bricks. Subsequently, at the optimum conditions determined, real-size bricks were produced and subjected to standard tests. The findings of this paper suggest that fly ash/lime bricks can be an alternative product to aerated cellular concrete.

- by Timuçin Çiçek
- •
- Civil Engineering, Building, Flyash, Bricks

Dip coating investment slurry composition is important parameter to judge the performance of ceramic shell moulding process. The paper presents the use of an industrial waste, namely coal flyash for the investment casting. Experiments have been conducted on the dip-coating slurry and shell moulds to examine their characteristics that enrich the ceramic shell moulding process from flyash. The results indicate substantial enhance in the quality of flyash shell moulds due to uniform slurry viscosity, low sedimentation rate, completion of electrostatic bonds and round particle shape.

- by Chennakesava Reddy A
- •
- Investment Casting, Alumina, Permeability, Wettability
- by IOSR Journals
- •
- Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Flyash, Al2O3

- by IAEME Publication
- •
- Compressive Strength, Flyash, High Performance Concrete, Flexural Strength
- by Trihanyndio Rendy Satrya
- •
- Flyash, Fly Ash
- by Rama Murthy Yanamandra and +1
- •
- Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Heat Transfer, Fluid Dynamics
- by ilam parithi
- •
- Civil Engineering, Materials Science, Chemistry, Geopolymer Concrete
- by ilam parithi
- •
- Civil Engineering, Materials Science, Chemistry, Geopolymer Concrete

The use of flyash in Cement and Concrete has been popular across the globe for quite some time now. Many prestigious and critical structures have been built using either Portland Pozzolana Cement or by blending flyash directly in Concrete. The names of the famous Petronas Towers and Euro-Tunnel can be definitely quoted in this regard. However, the Indian Construction Industry has offered some resistance in using PPC or flyash in Structural Concrete. With advent of Ready-Mixed Concrete in India the doubts regarding controls in using this material are slowly being removed and engineers have become more open to the idea of using flyash as pozzolan for partial replacement of Cement in Concrete. As a result we, at our RMC plants, have been able to produce more than 2,00,000 Cubic meters of concrete using flyash. This paper intends to discuss the issues handled by us in this process. These include selection of source, collection method, monitoring of quality, mix design, production control etc.

- by Devendra Kumar Pandey
- •
- Concrete, Flyash
- by Jaideep Srivastava
- •
- Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Heat Transfer, Minerals

The amount of fly ash generated has been increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. It is the finely divided mineral residue resulting from the combustion of coal in thermal power plants. It consists of inorganic, incombustible matter that has been fused during combustion into a glassy, amorphous structure. The typical thermal power plant will burn pulverized coal in a furnace with a boiler. The combustion products include fly ash, bottom ash and a boiler slag and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) materials, which creates serious danger if released into environment. This has attracted more attention within a context of progressively more stringent regulation of hazardous air pollutants (viz. fly ash) discharge from thermal power station. The disposal of such a huge quantity has become a pressing issue. Several approaches have been made for proper utilization of fly ash, either to reduce the cost of disposal or to minimize the environmental impact. This study presents the wide variety of utilization of this industrial byproduct - fly ash and its application in the field of an environment. One of the major ways out is the conversion of fly ash to zeolites, which has wide applications in the field of an environment.

- by Premier Publishers
- •
- Microwave, Zeolites, Digestion, Zeolite

Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) endorsed sensation in the production of newer materials, especially for the aerospace and medical industries. Using WEDM technology, convoluted cuts can be made through difficult-to-machine electrically conductive components with the high degree of accessible accuracy and the fine surface quality make WEDM priceless. In other hand Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) are the precise materials for marine, automobile, aerospace, defense, and sports industries which are difficult to cut by conventional methods of machining. In this paper an optimal set of material and machining parameters is derived using hybrid approach called grey-fuzzy approach. For this AMMC samples are produced as per the taguchi experimental design by considering combined material and wire EDM parameters and machined using WEDM machine. The obtained responses such as kerf width, tool wear, process cost and surface roughness are optimized using grey-fuzzy approach which is obtained by combining grey relational analysis and fuzzy logic.

- by Kumba Anand Babu
- •
- Flyash, Grey relational analysis, SiCp, Al2O3 reinforcemnets, WEDM machining

The characteristics dip-casting slurries judge the performance of investment casting process. The paper presents a hypothesis on the bonding mechanism in the ceramic shells developed from coal flyash. Experiments have been carried out to study the effects of filler loading, aging and air-drying on the strength of shells. The results indicate substantial reduction in the sedimentation under operating conditions and enhancement in the shells strength.

- by Chennakesava Reddy A
- •
- Investment Casting, Flyash, Ceramic shell mould, Bonding Mechanisms
- by Lik Lam
- •
- Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Carbon, Medicine

In India, coal will continue to remain a major source of fuel for generation of power. At present, about 65% power is produced by using coal as fuel, which results in the production of about 185 million tons of ash per annum. Considering the tremendous growth required in the power sector for the development of Indian economy, it is expected that ash generation will reach 225 million tons per annum by 2020. Ash is good resource material for utilization in various areas such as manufacture of cement, cement concrete, embankment construction, low lying area filling etc. In India, during mid-seventies and early eighties, engineers/scientists were responsible for making standards/codes had understood the useful properties of the ash and necessary provision were made in various Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) such as IS: 456- 1976- Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete, IS: 1489 (part-1)-1976 - Specification for Portland Pozzolana Cement, IS: 2250 -1981 - Code of practice for preparation of masonry mortar etc. However, fly ash utilization could not make an impact mainly because adequate arrangement for collection of fly ash at thermal power stations was not available. The quality of fly ash was not good due to high-unburnt carbon content and less fineness, and awareness was negligible.

In 1978, Davidovits said when alkaline solution mixed with materials such a Fly ash and GGBS binder is obtained
through polymerisation reaction. These alternative binder material must contain high amount of Silicon (Si) and Aluminium
(Al) which in turn react with alkaline liquid. Hence this concrete is named as Geopolymer Concrete (GPC).The commonly used
binder material in GPC are Fly ash, GGBS, Rice husk and Metakoline.
Geopolymers are formed when silicates and aluminates are linked with covalent bonds. Geopolymerisation is a reaction that
synthetically incorporates minerals (geosynthesis) that involves naturally occurring alumina – silicates.

- by IJRASET Publication
- •
- Flyash, Geopolymer, Ultrafine GGBS

This work reports on the adsorption efficiency of two classes of adsorbents: nano-adsorbents including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs); and micro-adsorbents including activated carbon (AC) and fly ash (FA). The materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, BrunauerÀEmmettÀTeller (BET) specific surface area, zeta potential, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and UV spectroscopy. The adsorption experimental conditions such as pH of the solution, agitation speed, contact time, initial concentration of phenol, and adsorbent dosage were optimized for their influence on the phenol. The removal efficiency of the studied adsorbents has the following order: AC > CNTs > FA > CNFs. The capacity obtained from Langmuir isotherm was found to be 1.348, 1.098, 1.007, and 0.842 mg/g of AC, CNTs, FA, and CNFs, respectively, at 2 hours of contact time, pH 7, an adsorbent dosage of 50 mg, and a speed of 150 rpm. The higher adsorption of phenol on AC can be attributed to its high surface area and its dispersion in water. The optimum values of these variables for maximum removal of phenol were also determined. The experimental data were fitted well to Langmuir than Freundlich isotherm models.

- by Ihsan Khan
- •
- Water Treatment, Carbon Nanotubes, Adsorption, Activated Carbon
- by Andrzej Żołnowski
- •
- Flyash, Fly Ash, Fly Ash Characterization, Hard Coal Fly Ash

Self compacting Concrete (SCC) is a new category of concrete which flows under its own weight .It does not require any
external vibration for compaction. Due to many advantage of this concrete, it is suitable for the situations where congested
reinforcement is used. In this paper self compacting concrete is developed using various percentages of fly ash,10% ,20%
and 30% by weight of cement as partial replacement of cement .The rheological strength have been assessed

- by Kaes Mohamad
- •
- Flyash, Prajapati Krishnapal,Yadav R.K,Chandak Rajeev
- by Pankaj Koparde
- •
- Avifauna, Bird, Flyash, Eco Park

Fly ash from thermal power plants can be a resource of micronutrients but with poor disposal could manifest into a serious environmental threat. Fly ash escaping into the atmosphere is a major problem and in order to understand to this problem, a study was conducted to test the application of fly ash to agricultural soil in varying concentrations and its effects on early plant growth. In the present study to understand the effects of various concentrations of fly ash (10mg, 50mg, 75mg, and 100mg) on growth and yield responses of Vigna acontifolia L. and Pennisetum glaucum L. The seeds were aseptically sown on the solidified agar previously mixed with varying concentrations of fly ash in multi well plates. Each treatment was replicated in a randomised design and observed over a period of 7 days. The seedlings were studied for their response based on germination rate, seed, vigour index, length of radicle, length of plumule and fresh weight against seeds germinated using distilled water as control. The intensity of inhibitory effect on all other parameters was directly proportional to the concentration of fly ash employed and inhibition was most prominent from 75mg. Based on the overall health of the seedling, the observed effect of coal fly ash was pronounced in Vigna acontifolia L. than Pennisetum glaucum L.

- by nitesh joshi
- •
- Flyash, Stabilisation of soil

Pot-culture experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of ash incorporation in soil on germination and stand establishment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and lentil (Lens esculenta Moench.) during the winter season of 1995, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) during the summer season of 1996. Ash levels

- by Mr. Ajay Chaudhary
- •
- Chemistry, Biology, Soil Mechanics, Comparative Study

In the experimental investigation, to analyse the effect of the superplasticiser on the GPC mechanical properties; it includes the compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting strength and MOE of the GPC. Superplasticizers used for reducing the water content from the mix design of the concrete, reduction in water content enlarges the strength of the concrete. GPC is an innovative, eco-friendly, cementless and durable concrete in which cement content replace by the pozzolanic content that is full of silica and alumina mineral constituent. GPC indirectly reduces the carbon footprints by the whole replacement of the cement because, in the production of cement, much amount of carbon dioxide emitted in the environment. After the comprehensive survey, the references conclude that the best superplasticiser for the GPC are SNF based because the comprehensive survey authors define the PCE based superplasticisers increases the workability of the GPC but the reduction of the strength at a very high level. So, in the experimental study, to analyse the different dosage of the SNF based superplasticiser in the GPC mix designs for the physical, mechanical properties, microstructural properties and thermal analysis of the specimens. The M2 mix got the optimum point of strength at 1% dosage of superplasticiser in the GPC mix design. It’s increasing the workability with the enhancement of the strength in the mixes of GPC. The mix design specimens show higher thermal stability at the elevated temperature.

- by Manvendra Verma
- •
- Silicon, Geopolymer Concrete, Flyash, Experimental Study on Geopolymer Concrete