Symmetry Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

- by
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- Applied Mathematics, Game Theory, Statistics, Dynamical Systems
- by Fritz Schwarz
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- Computing, Algorithm, Differential Equations, Mathematical Sciences

Many works have been conducted relevant to rainfall measurements, while the first relevant ones were based on the power loss estimation function from wireless links located back to the early 1940s. It is notable, though, that this innovative idea conduced to many theoretical models correlating the signal attenuation to the rainfall intensity. This type of parameter strongly contributes to the mechanism of frequency attenuation above 10 GHz. Consequently, in the last twenty years, there has been a significant boost to this research topic. Researchers all around the world have worked thoroughly on the issue of estimating rain with the use of earth-to-earth microwave signal attenuation. Nevertheless, the issue remains intriguing and challenging. This paper presents a literature survey, of the last decade, on this challenging issue focusing on measurements from backhaul cellular microwave links and experimental setups. Research challenges and future trends are also presented.

- by Kostas Peppas
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- Computer Science, Symmetry, MEASUREMENTS, Rain Attenuation
- by Colin M Sayers
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- Geophysics, Fracture, Seismic Waves, Geophysical Prospecting
- by Toshio Fukuda
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- Mechanical Engineering, Motion control, Control Systems, Actuators
- by Patrick Longhini
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- Symmetry
- by John Boyd
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- Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Fluid Mechanics, Flow

In this paper, we review the so-called Myrzakulov Gravity models (MG-N, with N=I,II,…,VIII) and derive their respective metric-affine generalizations (MAMG-N), discussing also their particular sub-cases. The field equations of the theories are obtained by regarding the metric tensor and the general affine connection as independent variables. We then focus on the case in which the function characterizing the aforementioned metric-affine models is linear and consider a Friedmann-Lemaître–Robertson–Walker background to study cosmological aspects and applications. Historical motivation for this research is thoroughly reviewed and specific physical motivations are provided for the aforementioned family of alternative theories of gravity.

- by Ratbay Myrzakulov
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- Symmetry

Goal programming (GP) is a powerful method to solve multi-objective programming problems. In GP the preferential weights are incorporated in different ways into the achievement function. The problem becomes more complicated if the preferences are imprecise in nature, for example ‘Goal A is slightly or moderately or significantly important than Goal B’. Considering such type of problems, this paper proposes standard goal programming models for multi-objective decision-making, where fuzzy linguistic preference relations are incorporated to model the relative importance of the goals. In the existing literature, only methods with linear preference relations are available. As per our knowledge, nonlinearity was not considered previously in preference relations. We formulated fuzzy preference relations as exponential membership functions. The grades or achievement function is described as an exponential membership function and is used for grading levels of preference toward uncertainty. A...

- by Abdul Quddoos and +1
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- Symmetry

Current research builds labelings for geometrically uniform codes on the double torus through tiling groups. At least one labeling group was provided for all of the 11 regular tessellations on the double torus, derived from triangular Fuchsian groups, as well as extensions of these labeling groups to generate new codes. An important consequence is that such techniques can be used to label geometrically uniform codes on surfaces with greater genera. Furthermore, partitioning chains are constructed into geometrically uniform codes using soluble groups as labeling, which in some cases results in an Ungerboeck partitioning for the surface. As a result of these constructions, it is demonstrated that, as in Euclidean spaces, modulation and encoding can be combined in a single step in hyperbolic space.

- by Edson Donizete Carvalho
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- Symmetry

The experience of disruptive events causing supply chain vulnerability and business downturns has motivated manufacturing purchasers to consider resilience capability when selecting suppliers. However, this problem is complex, mainly due to difficulties in obtaining precise data on supplier performance. Disruptions are viewed as low-possibility events, leading to incomplete or insufficient evidence to support assessment. A literature review presented in this paper identifies a list of prospective criteria for resilient supplier selection, within the electronics market, considering both quantitative and qualitative aspects in a symmetrical way. A new hybrid methodology, able to handle various forms of uncertain and incomplete data, is proposed to facilitate the supplier selection process. Evidence theory, which suggests the assignment of degrees of belief, instead of traditional probabilities, to expected results, is adopted to construct a decision matrix. The rule-based transformati...

- by Nantana Waleekhajornlert
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- Symmetry
- by James E Collins
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- Applied Mathematics, Symmetry, Oscillations, Legged Locomotion

Résumé/Abstract En utilisant la technique développée dans [7], nous donnons une estimation d'erreur, d'ordre 1/2 par rapport à la taille du maillage, pour une approximation volumes finis explicite en temps, pour la résolution... more

- by Jean Paul Vila
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- Convergence, Pure Mathematics, Symmetry, Discretization

The progress in the research of various areas of robotics, artificial intelligence, and other similar scientific disciplines enabled the application of multi-robot systems in different complex environments and situations. It is necessary to elaborate the strategies regarding the path planning and paths coordination well in order to efficiently execute a global mission in common environment, prior to everything. This paper considers the multi-robot system based on the cloud technology with a high level of autonomy, which is intended for execution of tasks in a complex and crowded environment. Cloud approach shifts computation load from agents to the cloud and provides powerful processing capabilities to the multi-robot system. The proposed concept uses a multi-robot path planning algorithm that can operate in an environment that is unknown in advance. With the aim of improving the efficiency of path planning, the implementation of Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) while using Ful...

- by Novak Zagradjanin and +1
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- Mathematics, Computer Science, Symmetry

Recently, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) have attracted many mobile operators. For the flexible deployment of Network Functions (NFs) in an NFV environment, NF decompositions and control/user plane separation have been introduced in the literature. That is to map traditional functions into their corresponding Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). This mapping requires the NFV Resource Allocation (NFV-RA) for multi-path service graphs with a high number of virtual nodes and links, which is a complex NP-hard problem that inherited its complexity from the Virtual Network Embedding (VNE). This paper proposes a new path mapping approach to solving the NFV-RA problem for decomposed Network Service Chains (NSCs). The proposed solution has symmetrically considered optimizing an average embedding cost with an enhancement on average execution time. The proposed approach has been compared to two other existing schemes using 6 and 16 scenarios of short a...

- by Assis. Prof. Dr. Mohamed Alrshah
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- Symmetry

Encryption is the de facto method for protecting information, whether this information is locally stored or on transit. Although we have many encryption techniques, they have problems inherited from the computational models that they use. For instance, the standard encryption technique suffers from the substitution box syndrome—the substitution box does not provide enough confusion. This paper proffers a novel encryption method that is both highly secure and lightweight. The proposed technique performs an initial preprocessing on its input plaintext, using fuzzy substitutions and noising techniques to eliminate relationships to the input plaintext. The initially encrypted plaintext is next concealed in enormously complicated codes that are generated using a chaotic system, whose behavior is controlled by a set of operations and a nature-inspired triggering technique. The effectiveness of the security of the proposed technique is analyzed using rigorous randomness tests and entropy.

- by Muhammed Almuhammed
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- Computer Science, Computer Security, Encryption, Symmetry

One of the most prominent statistical distributions is the Weibull distribution. The recent modifications in this distribution have enhanced its application but only in specific fields. To introduce a more generalized Weibull distribution, in this work beta exponentiated modified Weibull distribution is established. This distribution consolidate the exponential, skewed and symmetric shapes into one density. The proposed distribution also contains nineteen lifetime distributions as a special case, which shows the flexibility of the distribution. The statistical properties of the proposed model are derived and discussed, including reliability analysis and order statistics. The hazard function of the proposed distribution can have a unimodal, decreasing, bathtub, upside-down bathtub, and increasing shape that make it effective in reliability analysis. The parameters of the proposed model are evaluated by maximum likelihood and least squares estimation methods. The significance of the b...

- by EHSAN ULLAH
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- Mathematics, Computer Science, Statistics, Parameter estimation
- by Alan Meyer
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- Marketing, Psychology, Complexity Theory, Strategic Management

Gothic art was developed in western Europe from the second half of the 12th century to the end of the 15th century. The most characteristic Gothic building is the cathedral. Gothic architecture uses well-carved stone ashlars, and its essential elements include the arch. The thrust is transferred by means of external arches (flying buttresses) to external buttresses that end in pinnacles, which accentuates the verticality. The evolution of the flying buttresses should not only be considered as an aesthetic consideration, but also from a constructive point of view as an element of transmission of forces or loads. Thus, one evolves from a beam-type buttress to a simple arch, and finally to a rampant arch. In this work, we study the geometry of the rampant arch to determine which is the optimum from the constructive point of view. The optimum rampant arch obtained is the one with the common tangent to the two arches parallel to the slope line. A computer program was created to determine...

- by Ignacio Zavala
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- Symmetry

This paper introduced the use of two new adsorbents, Akrosorb soda-lime and Bentonite clay, for refinery flare flue gas capture and storage. This study also developed a novel pilot plant model with 409.7149 kg/h capacity refinery flare emission capture with a novel adsorption column configuration using Akrosorb soda-lime and Bentonite clay adsorbents. The flare flue gas adsorption unit was designed, fabricated, test run, and commissioned. The adsorption column temperature is 28 ± 10 °C and has a pressure of 131.7 kPa. The novel plant RSM optimization result shows that 93.24% of CO2 and 62.18% of CO were absorbed, while 86.14% of NOx and 55.87% of HC were absorbed. The established optimum conditions of CO2, NOx, HC, and CO removal efficiency are 22 °C, 2 atm, and 60 min. The variation in flare gas emission could impact the removal efficiency of the plant. The results show the maximum adsorption ability or capacity of 314.30 mg/g, and 68.90 mg/g was reached at 60 min for Akrosorb soda...

- by Ibrahim Mohammed-Dabo
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- Environmental Science, Computer Science, Waste Management, Symmetry

Race recognition (RR), which has many applications such as in surveillance systems, image/video understanding, analysis, etc., is a difficult problem to solve completely. To contribute towards solving that problem, this article investigates using a deep learning model. An efficient Race Recognition Framework (RRF) is proposed that includes information collector (IC), face detection and preprocessing (FD&P), and RR modules. For the RR module, this study proposes two independent models. The first model is RR using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) (the RR-CNN model). The second model (the RR-VGG model) is a fine-tuning model for RR based on VGG, the famous trained model for object recognition. In order to examine the performance of our proposed framework, we perform an experiment on our dataset named VNFaces, composed specifically of images collected from Facebook pages of Vietnamese people, to compare the accuracy between RR-CNN and RR-VGG. The experimental results show that ...

- by Thanh Vo
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- Symmetry
- by Zakwan Skaf
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- Symmetry

In mobile crowd computing (MCC), smart mobile devices (SMDs) are utilized as computing resources. To achieve satisfactory performance and quality of service, selecting the most suitable resources (SMDs) is crucial. The selection is generally made based on the computing capability of an SMD, which is defined by its various fixed and variable resource parameters. As the selection is made on different criteria of varying significance, the resource selection problem can be duly represented as an MCDM problem. However, for the real-time implementation of MCC and considering its dynamicity, the resource selection algorithm should be time-efficient. In this paper, we aim to find out a suitable MCDM method for resource selection in such a dynamic and time-constraint environment. For this, we present a comparative analysis of various MCDM methods under asymmetric conditions with varying selection criteria and alternative sets. Various datasets of different sizes are used for evaluation. We e...

- by Sanjib Biswas
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- Symmetry

In the western culture the symmetry has always
been associated to the concept of order, that
inherently brings the idea of purity, calmness and
beauty. “Anyhow even if symmetry as a concept
is seductive, there is evidence that not only
asymmetry. is present in the physics subatomic
world, and at any level in the biological world,
from biochemistry to brains, but also that
asymmetry is used and developed in the pure
arts”.*1
An awareness of a different symmetry is born,
thanks to a vision of nature where imperfection
has an important role. Kant states: “All the rigid
regularities (as the mathematical lines) are
inherently revolting to the taste, because their
observation do not offer lasting pleasures … and
you get tired almost immediately.”
The art historian, Ernst Gombrich, explains the
banality implied in the symmetry: “Once we have
seized the order principle, we are able to learn
things by heart. [...] We have easily seen enough
because it does not surprise us anymore. *2
It is interesting to notice as Kant associate the
idea of order, rigid regularities, to concepts as
“taste” and “pleasure”, while Gombrich associates
it to memory matters, it is not about pure aesthetic
values, but about perception trough the
senses: it is a change of the neuronal state due to
the contact of our senses with the environment.

- by Mirko Daneluzzo and +1
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- Aesthetics, Design, Film Studies, Design Theory
- by Matthew Salomone
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- Mathematics, Symmetry, Humanistic Mathematics, Projective Geometry

The present investigation is directed towards synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and steady blending with soybean biodiesel (SBME25) to improve the fuel properties of SBME25 and enhance the overall characteristics of a variable compression ratio diesel engine. The soybean biodiesel (SBME) was prepared using the transesterification reaction. Numerous characterization tests were carried out to ascertain the shape and size of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized asymmetric ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed in SBME25 at three dosage levels (25, 50, and 75 ppm) with sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) surfactant using the ultrasonication process. The quantified physicochemical properties of all the fuels blends were in symmetry with the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards. Nanofuel blends demonstrated enhanced fuel properties compared with SBME25. The engine was operated at two different compression ratios (18.5 and 21.5) and a comparison was mad...

- by Nagaraj Banapurmath
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- Symmetry
- by Maria Gandarias
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- Symmetry

Σε αυτή την παράγραφο θα χρησιμοποιήσουμε τα αποτελέσματα του τανυστικού λογισμού των καμπυλογραμμων συντεταγμένων, για να μεταφέρουμε τη μετρική γεωμετρία του Ευκλείδειου χώρου όπως ακριβώς στην προηγούμενη παράγραφο μεταφέραμε την... more

- by George Mpantes
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- Symmetry
- by S. Rachman
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- Psychology, Assessment, Psychometrics, Test Validation
- by Chiarella Sforza
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- Dentistry, Biomedical Engineering, Humans, Female

The crystal structure of the thermoelectric material tin selenide has been investigated with angle-dispersive synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction under hydrostatic pressure up to 27 GPa. With increasing pressure, a continuous evolution of the crystal structure from the GeS type to the higher-symmetry TlI type was observed, with a critical pressure of 10.5(3) GPa. The orthorhombic high-pressure modification, beta'-SnSe, is closely related to the pseudo-tetragonal high-temperature modification at ambient pressure. The similarity between the changes of the crystal structure at elevated temperatures and at high pressures suggests the possibility that strained thin films of SnSe may provide a route to overcoming the problem of the limited thermal stability of beta-SnSe at high temperatures.

Previous research conducted by the author revealed a clear preference for profile and half profile view in paintings of secular persons. Frontal view (full face or en face) was usually restricted to representations of Christ. In this paper, the results will be applied to the study of the paintings of one particular artist: the German born fiftheenth century painter Hans Memling. Adopting methods from traditional art history as well as cognitive psychology, the aim is to show how Memling's systematic distinction between sacred and profane, using the frontal view only for representations of Christ, can be explained by reference to psychological studies on the effects and values usually associated with the frontal view of a face.

- by Lasse Hodne
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- Portraiture, Symmetry, Man of Sorrows, Hans Memling

We address some problem related to teaching quantum field theory at the university level. After a discussion of the pros and cons of the canonical quantization approach, we present an alternative teaching proposal. The novelty of this approach rests on the idea of using a multilevel structure, where the levels of phenomenology, formalism and interpretation are related but distinguishable. In this context, the quantization of the electromagnetic field, which is taken as a paradigmatic case in the standard approach, is addressed as a special case and studied only in the last step.

- by Olivia Levrini
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- Symmetry

Each business faces large competition in the market, and it is necessary to adopt the most effective methodology as possible in order to obtain the best solution. Six Sigma (6σ) is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement. The tools of Six Sigma apply within a simple improvement model known as Define–Measure–Analyze–Improve–Control (DMAIC). This paper shows that implementing Six Sigma can be more effective in managing the vehicle fleet. The combination of mathematical, i.e., statistical basis and practice makes Six Sigma so successful. The Six Sigma project, implemented to reduce costs and increase the availability of a vehicle fleet in a selected company, can be widely applied in other similar enterprises.

- by Vesko Lukovac
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- Symmetry

A (directed) cycle C in a graph Γ is called consistent provided there exists an automorphism of Γ, acting as a 1-step rotation of C. A beautiful but not well-known result of JH Conway states that if Γ is arc-transitive and has valence d,... more

- by Primož Potočnik
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- Graph Theory, Pure Mathematics, Symmetry, Graph

Pre-Columbian art in all its varied forms offers rich terrain for furthering our insights into the cultural and symbolic lives of Amerindian peoples. This paper studies decorative patterns of Diaguita origin which present a visual logic characterized by the use of complex symmetries, illusory optical vibration, endless variability stemming from simple geometric forms, horror vacui, and gradual structural complication, among other techniques. The features described, the association of this visual art to an animal alter ego (jaguar), and the evidence of hallucinogen use together suggest a cultural link with specific ethnographic (Shipibo-Conibo) and archeological (Mojocoya) visual art. In this case, we are dealing not with a notation system but with visual "technologies of enchantment" (sensu Gell 1998) that are used to produce decorative patterns with social agency that captivate viewers with their visual artifice-the non-mimetic appearance of animation. In 2015, a large cemetery was excavated at the Diaguita site of El Olivar. The graves therein belong to an early Diaguita cultural period, during which the Diaguitas created a techno-stylistic material identity, expressed in visual languages rooted not only in the Andean world, but in ancient cultural traditions of the eastern lowlands of Bolivia and the Peruvian Amazon.

- by Paola Gonzalez
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- Shamanism, Amazonia, Amazonian Ethnology, Symmetry

The Internet of Things paradigm is growing rapidly. In fact, controlling this massive growth of IoT globally raises new security and privacy issues. The traditional access control mechanisms provide security to IoT systems such as DAC (discretionary access control) and mandatory access control (MAC). However, these mechanisms are based on central authority management, which raises some issues such as absence of scalability, single point of failure, and lack of privacy. Recently, the decentralized and immutable nature of blockchain technology integrated with access control can help to overcome privacy and security issues in the IoT. This paper presents a review of different access control mechanisms in IoT systems. We present a comparison table of reviewed access control mechanisms. The mechanisms’ scalability, distribution, security, user-centric, privacy and policy enforcing are compared. In addition, we provide access control classifications. Finally, we highlight challenges and f...

- by Adam Abdi
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- Symmetry

Klasik Türk nesir edebiyatında ayrı bir yeri olan Ta-zarru'-nâme Sinan Paşa'nın hayatının son döneminde kaleme aldığı üç Türkçe eserinden ilkidir. Nesir edebiyatımız söz konusu edilirken adından bahsedilmeden geçilemeyecek olan çalışma, kaynakların estetik nesrin en önemli ürünü olarak ifade ettiği bir eserdir. Tazarru'-nâme ahlâkî, didaktik, aynı zamanda tarikat ve tasavvuf yolunun hakikatlerini öğreten bir eser olmanın yanında bu konuların anlatılış biçimi yönüyle de pek çok eserden farklı özelliklere sahiptir. Çalışmanın ilk makalesinde eseri farklı kılan özelliklerden birinin onun anlatım biçimi olduğu, eseri oluşturan söz düzeninin ikili (simetrik) yapısı üzerinde durulmuştu. Tazarru'-nâme'nin baştan sona simetrik yapılarla yazıldığı ve yapıların çeşitleri ve nitelikleri ele alınmıştı. Bir önceki çalışmada yapıların esere katkıları ve onu değerli kılan yönlerine vurgu yapıldı 1. Bu yazıda ise Tazarru'-nâme'yi oluşturan yapıların eseri sanatsal yönden güçlü kılan özellikleri tespit edilip bu yapıların nesir cümlelerini şiirsel öğelerle nasıl donattığı açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır. Estetik nesir ürünleri incelendiğinde şiir ile nesir cümleleri arasındaki farkın gittikçe azaldığı gözlen-mektedir. Şiire ait birçok özellik, şiir araçları vasıtasıyla nesir cümlelerine aktarılır. Tazarru'-nâme'de kullanılan simetrik yapılar, şiirsel özelliklerin esere aktarılmasında bir araç görevindedir. Eserin anlatımındaki estetik düzey bu simetrik yapılarla eserde var olabilmişlerdir. Bu bakımdan eseri oluşturan simetrik yapıların özelliklerinin tespit edil-mesi aynı zamanda şiirsel özelliklerin esere nasıl aktarıldığı-nın bulunmasına ve eserin sanat yönünün ortaya konma-sına da yardımcı olacaktır. Çalışmada ele alınan konu Sinan Paşa ve Tazarru'-nâme'ye has olmayıp estetik nesir kapsamına giren edebiyat ürünlerinde de bu tür kullanımlar bulunmaktadır. Bu yüzden çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçların aynı zamanda estetik
A B S T R A C T Tazarru'nâme is the first book of three Turkish works, Sinan Pasha wrote up in the last period of his life, has a distinct place in classical Turkish prose literature. While we are talking about prose literature it is a work that can not be passed without mentioning, expressed by sources as the most important product of aesthetic prose. It is a moral, didactic book at the same time teaches the truths of the religious order and mystic way. It has a different style than many works when these subjects is mentioning. In the first article of the study, it was emphasized that one of the different characteristics of the work is, its form of expression, and the dual (symmetrical) structure of the composition. Tazarru'-nâme was written from the begining to the end with symmetrical construction, and the types and qualities of the sutructure were discussed. Contribution of symmetrical structures and sructure aspects that make the book worthwhile were emphasized with previous article. In this paper the symmetrical structures of Tazarru'-nâme are determined by their powerful artistic features, and it will be attempted to explain how these structures furnish the prose with poetic elements. When the product of aesthetic prose are examined, it is observed that the differences between poetry and prose is gradually decreasing. Many features of poetry are transmitted to prose through poetry tools. The symmetrical constructions used in Tazarru'-nâme are a vehicle for transferring poetic features. The aesthetic level of the expression of the book has existed in with these symmetrical constructions. In this regard, to determine the characteristics of symmetric structures of work also will help to have transferred to trace how the poetic features. It will also help to reveal the artistic direction of the work.

- by volkan karagözlü
- •
- Word order, Divan Edebiyatı, Style, Symmetry

"In his De visione Dei, Nicholas of Cusa addresses two aspects of divine vision: my desire to see God and God’s capacity to see
me. The latter aspect is distinguished by absolute power: God’s gaze is all-seeing. To explain this peculiar power Cusa
introduces what he calls the figure of an ‘omnivoyant’. This is a portrait with its eyes turned towards the spectator so that the
gaze of the depicted person appears to follow the spectator. This paper shows how this optical effect determined the choice
of the full-face view as the characteristic way to represent the divine in Renaissance painting, and how inscriptions on the
frames of a series of portraits of Christ attributed to Jan van Eyck reveal that the use of this effect was deliberate and in
accordance with theological doctrine."

- by Lasse Hodne
- •
- Iconography, Portraits, Renaissance, Renaissance Art
- by Koen Dewettinck
- •
- Chemical Engineering, Polymorphism, Food, Models

Modern vehicles have evolved to support connected and self-driving capabilities. The concepts such as connected driving, cooperative driving, and intelligent transportation systems have resulted in an increase in the connectivity of vehicles and subsequently created new information security risks. The original vehicular ad-hoc network term is now emerged to a new term, Internet of Vehicles (IoV), which is a typical application of symmetry of Internet of Things (IoT). Vehicle manufacturers address some critical issues such as software bugs or security issues through remote updates, and this gives rise to concerns regarding the security of updated components. Moreover, aftermarket units such as those imposed by transportation authorities or insurance companies expose vehicles to high risk. Software testing aims to ensure that software products are reliable and behave as expected. Many commercial and open-source software products undergo formal certifications to increase users’ confide...

- by Ernesto Damiani
- •
- Symmetry

On 18 August 1418, the Florentine Arte della Lana announced an architectural competition for building the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral using Neri di Fioravanti’s design. The two main competitors were two master goldsmiths, Lorenzo Ghiberti (by whom the concept of symmetry was first explained in vulgar Italian) and Filippo Brunelleschi. Lifelong competition between the two remained sharp, but Brunelleschi received the commission, and completed the dome in 1436. It was the first “octagonal” dome in history to be built without a temporary wooden supporting frame, and was one of the most impressive projects of its time.
A thorough understanding of the physical laws and the mathematical tools for calculating stresses were centuries ahead in the future, but Brunelleschi’s intuitive design marked a break with the medieval logic of construction (or “scholasticism”, according to Panofsky), as well as a return to the classic Pantheon, thus, to a different concept of geometrical compactness and balance. This turnaround resulted in centuries of development and experiments on space, symmetry, scale and proportion that would give rise to 20th-century constructivism and various trends in modern and postmodern architecture. Contemporary praxis is still challenged by such experiments from minimalism to parametricism, from the complexity of space to the variability of generative structures. This provides enough reason to the architects’ community for celebrating the 600th anniversary of Filippo Brunelleschi’s revolutionary design for the dome of Florence Cathedral, the symbolic event which can lay claim as the birth of modern architectural thinking.

- by Vilmos Katona
- •
- Architecture, Vitruvius, History of Art, Architectural Theory

В книге рассматривается история возникновения и становления математико-гармонических идей (математики гармонии) от античности до конца XX века. История представлена последовательностью очерков, в которых
в доступной для массового читателя форме обсуждаются основные идеи, касающиеся интерпретации гармонии в философии, математике, естественных и гуманитарных науках, об осмыслении этой категории в различных искусствах: архитектуре, музыке, живописи, дизайне,
художественной литературе. В центре внимания автора — математические и эстетические проблемы. Основной объект исследования — гармонические пропорции, рекуррентные последовательности, симметрийные структуры.
Книга выполнена в широком междисциплинарном аспекте и предназначена для специалистов самых разнообразных областей знания, творческой и практической деятельности: от математики и астрономии до музыковедения и литературоведения.

- by Gregory Martynenko
- •
- Applied Mathematics, Aesthetics, Art History, History of Mathematics

We clarify several subtle points in the CPN-1 model in 2 + 1 dimensions. It is shown that as a consequence of local gauge invariance the nA particles, belonging to fundamental representation of SU(N) do not appear in the spectrum (in any number of dimensions) regardless of the nature of the interaction between them. In 2 + 1 dimensions we analyse the phase structure of the theory from the point of view of realization of the relevant symmetries: SU(N)/ZN ⊗ UΦ(1) ⊗ UE(1). The symmetries UΦ(1) and UE(1) are gauge invariant analogs of the magnetic flux and electric charge symmetries in scalar QED. The charge of UE(1) is not related to the global part of the local U(1) transformations (which counts the difference between the number of n and the number of n∗ excitations). At the phase transition point the flavour SU(N) ZN is broken down to U(N−1) while the mode of implementation of the UΦ(1) is changed from Kosterlitz-Thouless to Wigner-Weyl. We provide a gauge invariant order parameter for the flavour symmetry breaking and identify the massless “photon” with the Kosterlitz-Thouless zero mode of UΦ(1).

- by Uphy Photons
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- Mathematical Physics, Quantum Physics, Quantum Electrodynamics, Phase Transitions

"Carter's music poses struggles of opposition, for instance in timbre (Double Concerto), space (String Quartet No. 3) or pulse (String Quartet No. 5). His preference for the all-interval tetrachords, 4–Z15 [0, 1, 4, 6] and 4–Z29 [0, 1, 3,... more

- by Joshua B Mailman
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- Discourse Analysis, Semiotics, Evolutionary Psychology, Music
- by Daniel Nuñez
- •
- Applied Mathematics, Pure Mathematics, Stability, Lyapunov Stability
- by Joanna Maria Chrzanowska
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- Principle of Sufficient Reason, Symmetry, Bas Van Fraassen

Blockchain networks are based on cryptographic notions that include asymmetric-key encryption, hash functions and consensus protocols. Despite their popularity, mainstream protocols, such as Proof of Work or Proof of Stake still have drawbacks. Efforts to enhance these protocols led to the birth of alternative consensus protocols, catering to specific areas, such as medicine or transportation. These protocols remain relatively unknown despite having unique merits worth investigating. Although past reviews have been published on popular blockchain consensus protocols, they do not include most of these lesser-known protocols. Highlighting these alternative consensus protocols contributes toward the advancement of the state of the art, as they have design features that may be useful to academics, blockchain practitioners and researchers. In this paper, we bridge this gap by providing an overview of alternative consensus protocols proposed within the past 3 years. We evaluate their over...

- by Norziana Jamil
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- Computer Science, Symmetry