Urban Agriculture Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

In the contemporary American urban renaissance, formerly fringe efforts to produce place, conducted by longtime residents and “urban pioneers” alike, now shape mainstream urbanism. Gardening and bicycling are constitutive of contemporary excitement about the city, representing the reinvigoration of the urban neighborhood following the depredations of suburbanization. This paper draws on research in California cities to offer a sympathetic critique of these leading edges of progressive urbanism, arguing that advocates’ overwhelming focus on the local creates a scalar mismatch between the horizon of political action and the problems they hope to address. Even as supporters of gardening and cycling understand themselves as implicitly allied with struggles for the right to the city, their work to produce local space is often blind to, and even complicit in, racialized dynamics of accumulation and exclusion that organize metropolises. The result is a progressive urbanism largely disconnected from broader left struggles for spatial justice.

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- Gentrification, Urban Agriculture, Bicycling, Mobilities
- by Tom Harner and +1
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- Environmental Engineering, Urban Agriculture, Seasonality, Atmospheric sciences

The growth of global urban population produces an increase in food demand. With the aim of facing this demand, mainly concentrated in large urban areas, urban agriculture should be fostered to integrate traditional agriculture production, no longer considered sustainable. After suggesting the implementation of integrated systems of urban agriculture, in order to measure their social appreciation expressed by the community, the paper proposes the Community Esteem Value, obtained with a deliberative appraisal procedure.

Les jardins collectifs sont des espaces multifonctionnels et profondément évolutifs qui s’inscrivent dans le quotidien des urbains et favorisent l’externalisation du sensible. Ces spécificités appellent une méthodologie particulière, mêlant plusieurs techniques d’enquêtes qualitatives que sont le récit de vie, le parcours commenté et l’observation. Au travers de deux terrains, les jardins franciliens et ceux de la région de Kazan (Russie), je souhaiterais réfléchir à la manière dont le géographe peut enquêter un espace relevant de la géographie des émotions et questionner ses relations au terrain.

- by Camille Robert-Boeuf
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- Qualitative methodology, Gardens, Urban Agriculture, Community gardens

Objective: To examine the impacts on food and nutrition-related outcomes resulting from participation in urban gardens, especially on healthy food practices, healthy food access, and healthy food beliefs, knowledge and attitudes. Design: The systematic review identified studies by searching the PubMed, ERIC, LILACS, Web of Science and Embase databases. An assessment of quality and bias risk of the studies was carried out and a narrative summary was produced. Setting: Studies published as original articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals in English, Spanish or Portuguese between 2005 and 2015 were included. Subjects: The studies included were based on data from adult participants in urban gardens. Results: Twenty-four studies were initially selected based on the eligibility criteria, twelve of which were included. There was important heterogeneity of settings, population and assessment methods. Assessment of quality and bias risk of the studies revealed the need for greater methodological rigour. Most studies investigated community gardens and employed a qualitative approach. The following were reported: greater fruit and vegetable consumption, better access to healthy foods, greater valuing of cooking, harvest sharing with family and friends, enhanced importance of organic production, and valuing of adequate and healthy food. Conclusions: Thematic patterns related to adequate and healthy food associated with participation in urban gardens were identified, revealing a positive impact on practices of adequate and healthy food and mainly on food perceptions.

- by Silvana Ribeiro
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- Urban Agriculture, Healthy Food

Greater attention is being directed towards incorporating greenery into the built environment as increasing global urbanisation drives the search for sustainable urbanism. This research takes a parametric approach to studying living wall dynamics using three methods to cover a diversity of design parameters and performance criteria. The findings led to a functional typology for living walls based on a range of design, context and performance parameters wider than previously identified. Such parametric studies offer valuable insights into 'transfunctional' living walls for homes, schools and public spaces.

- by Yael Stav
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- Landscape Architecture, Sustainable Architecture, Urban Agriculture, Living Walls

Urban agriculture with the aim of completing urban food needs, providing ecosystem and environmental services has multidimensional effects on increasing cultural and social values and even increasing economic resilience in any society. Urban agriculture is one of the most important factors affecting the increase of social capital. The present study was conducted simultaneously with the implementation of an urban agriculture plan (green garden) and with the aim of investigating the effects of urban agriculture on the social capital of stakeholders at Razi University of Kermanshah applying survey method. The statistical population of the study was 150 stakeholders, 108 of whom were selected as the sample size according to Krejcie Morgan’s table. The questionnaire method was used for data collection and its validity was confirmed by expert choice. The results of the study demonstrated that the effects of urban agriculture implementation on social capital have been greater in people who participate with family on farm. The findings from the evaluation of structural equation model showed that all dimensions of social cohesion, social interaction, social awareness, social trust and social participation at the level of 99% confidence have a positive effect on people' social capital. Thus, "social participation" with a path coefficient of 0.825 had the most significant effect on the social capital of the people and social awareness (with a path coefficient of 0.599) had the least significant effect on the social capital of the people. Therefore, this will provide the conditions for strengthening social interaction and participation, as well as social trust, and will pave the way for culture-building commensurate with the development of urban agriculture and the results obtained from it can be used in the process of planning and macro-agricultural policies and creating new social capital in the country.

- by Giulia Giacchè
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- Stakeholders, Urban Agriculture, Continuum
- by Yalcin Kaya
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- Agricultural Engineering, Agronomy, Plant Ecology, Agribusiness
- by Donald C Cole
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- Self Help Group, Urban Agriculture, Food Security, Agricultural Sustainability
- by Geoffrey Kironchi
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- Environmental Science, Groundwater, Wastewater Treatment, Public Health
- by Bruce Malamud
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- Geography, Environmental Science, Urban Agriculture, Legislation

In response to rapidly changing urban conditions and planning systems that cannot reconcile speculative development with social needs, other types of urban allotments are emerging which differ from the conventional forms of the past. A number of case
studies from 11 European countries form the evidence base for the identification of new approaches to the design and implementation of allotment gardens which substantially differ from the conventional type on green land.

- by eva schwab and +1
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- Green urbanism (Architecture), Sustainable Architecture, Urban Agriculture, Urban Allotments

This report contains the findings of an evaluation of urban agriculture projects in four wards of Nelson Mandela Bay. The evaluation was conducted in May 2014 and covered 19 urban agriculture projects in Wards 25, 26, 28 and 32. The evaluation focussed on the sustainability of the projects and identified the 'best' projects in terms of sustainability practices.

- by Janet Cherry
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- Sustainable Development, Urban Agriculture, Food Security, Participatory Development

Our body compulsory demands food, water and air to keep its vital functions and yet their economic nature is rather diverse with food mostly considered a private good, water suffering an accelerated privatization process and air so far considered a global common good. Food has evolved from a common good and local resource to a national asset and then to a transnational commodity as the commodification process is rather completed nowadays. Cultivated food is fully privatized and this consideration means that human beings can eat food as long as they have money to but it or means to produce it. With the dominant no money-no food rationality, hunger still prevails in a world of abundance. In order to provide a sound foundation for the transition towards sustainable food systems, the very nature of food as a pure private good is contested and subsequently reversed in this paper, proposing a re-conceptualisation of food as a common good, a necessary narrative for the redesign of the dominating agro-industrial food system that merely sees food as a tradable commodity. This aspirational transition shall lead us to a more sustainable, fairer and farmer-centred food system. The idea of the commons is applied to food, deconstructing food as a pure private good and reconstructing it as an impure commons that can be better produced and distributed by a hybrid tri-centric governance system compounded by market rules, public regulations and collective actions. Several food-related elements are already considered as common goods (i.e. fish stocks, wild fruits, cuisine recipes, agricultural knowledge, food safety regulations and unpatented genetic resources) as well as food’s implications (hunger eradication) and benefits (public health and good nutrition). Should food and be consider as a commons, the implications for the governance of the global food system would be enormous, with examples ranging from placing food outside the framework agreements dealing with pure private goods, banning financial speculation on food commodities or preparing international binding agreements to govern the production, distribution and access of food to every human being.

- by Jose Luis Vivero Pol
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- Political Economy, Social Anthropology, Food Science, Food Safety
- by Nathan McClintock
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- Urban Agriculture, Anthropocene, Agriculture urbaine

Learning from nature may be the most important step towards improving cities in the context of environmental and climate issues. However, many of the current approaches to make cities greener or more sustainable are still linear and insufficient to deal with these growing challenges. In this scenario, the adoption of regenerative and circular lenses for the built environment may foster a more holistic development based on what is good rather than what is less bad. In this article, we propose that bioconnectivity or bioconnections-a nature-focused approach based on biophilic design, biomimetics, and ecosystem services-may be an important enabler for the regeneration of the ecological and social boundaries of the planetary boundaries and doughnut economics models. We examine the literature to identify in what ways bioconnections could facilitate circular and regenerative processes for the local scale of the built environment domain. We complement the discussion with some real-world examples from selected urban communities or interventions in existing urban areas around the globe that claim a green approach. In the end, we propose a framework of relevant bioconnections for the built environment that could facilitate addressing ecological and social boundaries at the local urban scale and facilitate processes of regenerative transitions towards thriving communities. Keywords circular economy; circularity; nature-based solutions; regenerative design and development; urban bioeconomy; urban green infrastructure; urban sustainability Issue This article is part of the issue "Towards Green(er) Cities: Contextualizing Green Benefits for Urban Spaces and Contemporary Societies" edited by Juaneé Cilliers (University of Technology Sydney, Australia).

Este trabalho tem como foco o reconhecimento de elementos materiais e imateriais ligados à agricultura presente nas favelas e às eventuais ruralidades à ela associadas. O objetivo é identificar e analisar, através de um estudo de caso na favela Vale Encantado, município do Rio de Janeiro, o conjunto de saberes e práticas socioespaciais relacionados à atividade da agricultura. Essa análise busca fomentar uma reflexão sobre os significados que essa atividade pode assumir na cidade pensada a partir de uma perspectiva socioambiental.

This volume offers a new perspective to debates on local food and urban sustainability presenting the long silenced voices of the small-scale farmers from the productive green fringe of Sydney’s sprawling urban jungle. Providing fresh food for the city and local employment, these culturally and linguistically diverse farmers contribute not only to Sydney’s globalizing demographic and cultural fabric, but also play a critical role in the city’s environmental sustainability. In the battle for urban space housing development threatens to turn these farmlands into sprawling suburbia. In thinking from and with the urban ‘fringe’, this book moves beyond the housing versus farming debate to present a vision for urban growth that is dynamic and alive to the needs of the 21st century city. In a unique bringing together of the twin forces shaping contemporary urbanism - environmental change and global population flows - the voices from the fringe demand to be heard in the debate on future urban food sustainability.

- by Sarah James
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- Urban Planning, Local food, Migration Studies, Urban Agriculture

Urban gardens are formed by an interrelation of natural, social, and economic dynamics over time. At the interface of the urban and rural, they provide important social and psychological benefits beyond their explicit environmental and ecological value. By providing opportunities for urban farming and agricultural production, the gardens offer a rejuvenation of collectivity within communities. However , these unique characteristics also make them some of the areas most vulnerable to the irrepressible growth of urban development. Cultural conservation and social inclusion in the gardens of İstanbul have been challenged by economic development in recent decades. Hence, they provide apt examples of the hardships faced when attempting to sustain urban gardens during periods of urban growth. The present study is focused particularly on the Yedikule Urban Gardens in İstanbul, emphasizing both destruction and development in the context of physical, natural, economic, and social change. " New " planning and conservation processes are proposed, and a framework for the integration of urban farming and rural production into changing urban environments is provided with the aim of conserving cultural and productive landscapes. This concern also presents an introductory discussion for the significance of urban green commons in Turkey. Kent bahçeleri çeşitli doğal, toplumsal ve ekonomik dinamiklerin tarihsel birikimleri ve birbiriyle etkileşimleriyle biçimlenirler. Kırın ve kentin arayü-zünü oluşturan bu nadir alanlar aynı zamanda oldukça açık olan çevresel ve ekolojik değerlerinin ötesinde toplumlar ve kentler için önemli sosyal ve psikolojik faydalara sahiptir. Yarattıkları kentsel tarım ve üretim uygulamaları süreçleriyle, kentlerdeki tekdüze " kentsel " yaşam tarzına sundukları kaçış yollarıyla topluluklar arasında birlikteliği ve ortaklıkları geliştirme potansiyeli taşımaktadırlar. Bu az görünen nitelikler, kent bahçelerini aynı zamanda kentlerin korunması en zor ve en hassas alt birimlerinden kılmaktadır. Nitekim son zamanlarda önüne geçilemez hale gelen kentsel bü-yüme kent bahçeleri ve insanlar arasındaki ilişkiyi tehdit etmektedir. İstanbul'daki kent bahçeleri de son yıllarda kültürel koruma, ekonomik büyüme ve sosyal katılım gibi konularda çeşitli çelişkilerle yüzleşmektedir. Bu sebeple, yukarıda bahsi geçen kentsel büyüme gerçeği ve korumada yaşanan zorluklara uygun bir örnek teşkil ederler. Bu çalışma özelinde İstanbul'daki önemli kent bahçelerinden olan Yedikule Bostanları'nda gerçekleşen yıkım ve gelişme kavramları, mekanda yaşanan değişimin fiziksel, doğal, ekonomik ve toplumsal bağlamları içerisinde değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma yaşanan kentsel değişim ve büyüme süreçlerinde kentsel tarım, kırsal üretim ve kültürel-üretken peyzaj alanlarının eklemlenmesi adına genel bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Bu bakış açısı Türkiye'de yeni oluşan kentsel yeşil ortaklıkların da tartışmaya açılmasını hedeflemektedir. ABSTRACT ÖZ

- by Duygu Cihanger and +1
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- Conservation Biology, Urban Policy, Urban Agriculture, Istanbul
- by Jason A Byrne
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- Human Ecology, Education, Environmental Planning and Design, Urban Planning

As fazendas verticais ou estufas metálicas de produção alimentar urbano, basearam-se nas perspectivas bioeconômicas da Agenda 21. Programa esse estabelecido em 1992 pela Conferência das Nações Unidas com o horizonte de discussões sobre desenvolvimento de ambientes urbanos de produção alimentar sustentáveis, bem como, aspetos da biotecnologia como ferramenta otimizadora para uma agricultura moderna, a qual contemplasse pontos de diálogo e pesquisa como: a) a importância do restabelecimento da segurança alimentar dado o elevado crescimento populacional e concentração urbana, b) a otimização mais eficiente das matérias-primas nas grandes cidades, c) o apoio a métodos sustentáveis para minimização de resíduos nas práticas de produção alimentar, entre outros aspectos. Até então, sabe se que a invenção das Fazendas Verticais como modelo produtor de alimentos as grandes cidades, está calcada sob perspectivas históricas e teóricas do avanço do planeta após 200 anos de desenvolvimento econômico dado a grande Revolução Industrial. Para muitos estudiosos tal modelo se apresenta como alternativa de atendimento ao grave inchaço populacional do planeta decorrente da redução das taxas de mortalidade, bem como, da elevação da expectativa de vida dos seres humanos. Pelo aspecto técnico é entendível que as fazendas verticais, no interior de edifícios ou em estruturas metálicas verticais, têm muitas vantagens sobre a agricultura convencional, não apenas pelo visual de sua paisagem ou admiráveis desenhos arquitetônicos, mas em decorrência de outros fatores como: produção o ano todo, perda zero das colheitas em decorrência de eventos climáticos, minimização do uso de combustíveis fósseis no que corresponde ao transporte da colheita, eliminação do uso de pesticidas e herbicidas, múltiplas oportunidades de trabalho para moradores das grandes cidades, otimização do uso da água em torno de (70%) em relação à agricultura ao ar livre, risco zero de contaminação fecal de animais e humanos, entre outros fatores. Porém, é admissível a reflexão de quais as vantagens reais e quantificáveis em relação as externalidades positivas dado a implantação de um modelo de fazenda vertical, como: os ganhos econômicos diretos e indiretos de tal empreendimento?; Os ganhos inerentes com o agro turismo?; Os ganhos de uma valorização imobiliária a qual o empreendimento possa gerar a vizinhança local e/ou regional?; Os ganhos sociais de uma taxa reduzida da marginalidade urbana, por consequência do empreendimento estar ocupando terrenos que possam ser baldios ou prédios abandonados das grandes cidades?; Os possíveis ganhos energéticos com o aproveitamento do lixo orgânico de milhares de bares e restaurantes?; O ganho real de uma sociedade consciente a preservação do bem estar as gerações futuras?

- by LEANDRO PESSOA LUCENA
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- Food Safety, Urban Agriculture, Vertical Farming, Urban Farming
- by Michael Hardman
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- Urban Agriculture, Guerrilla Gardening
- by Giulia Giacchè
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- Environmental Justice, Urban Agriculture, São Paulo (Brazil)

While urban agriculture might be considered a passing fad, we argue that it is a vehicle to deal with many urgent topics of societal transformation towards a sustainable future. We discuss the potential of urban agriculture to change... more

- by Christoph Kueffer
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- Organic agriculture, Urban Planning, Urban Ecology, Urban Agriculture

The industrial food system has created a crisis in the United States that is characterized by abundant food for privileged citizens and “food deserts” for the historically marginalized. In response, food justice activists based in low-income communities of color have developed community-based solutions, arguing that activities like urban agriculture, nutrition education, and food-related social enterprises can drive systemic social change. Focusing on the work of several food justice groups—including Community Services Unlimited, a South Los Angeles organization founded as the nonprofit arm of the Southern California Black Panther Party—More Than Just Food explores the possibilities and limitations of the community-based approach. It offers a networked examination of the food justice movement in the age of the nonprofit industrial complex.

- by Garrett Broad
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- Cultural Studies, Social Change, Social Movements, Communication
- by E. Van Leeuwen and +1
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- Regional Economics, Urban Agriculture, Agricultural Sustainability, Task Performance

Modern industrial systems of food production cause a wide range of detrimental impacts to the environment, human health and society. Integrating community gardens into local food systems is one way to counteract some of those impacts. This research looks at the elements that community garden policies should contain in order to best promote community gardens and attain their benefits. Focusing on Sydney, the research evaluates and compares the quality of the community garden policies with the distribution of community gardens in local councils and across broader geographic regions. Councils or regions that might benefit from greater access to community gardens are identified and ways in which councils, and the Sydney Region as a whole, might improve their community garden policies are discussed.

- by Phil McManus
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- Geography of food, Urban Agriculture, Community gardens, Local food systems
- by Attila Tóth and +1
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- Geography, Spatial Analysis, Climate Change, Landscape Architecture

As the population of South African cities rapidly increases, evidence of food insecurity of urban populations is also on the increase. Urban agriculture provides an opportunity to improve urban food security whilst reducing poverty, inequality and unemployment. This position paper identifies three problem areas in the current urban agricultural system in Johannesburg. It proposes methods, whilst exploring examples, that can better encourage participation, increasing skills and knowledge, and improve networking through considered design intervention between stakeholders in Johannesburg’s food system through the use of appropriate technology.

- by Wylie Goodman
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- Business, Urban Planning, Agriculture, Children and Youth

Hortes Municipals de Santa Eugenia, Girona’da bulunan müşterek bahçelerden (common garden) biri. Bu tür alanlar Katalonya’da hemen her belediyede en az bir tane olmakla birlikte, İspanya’nın genelinde yaygın. Bir kent sakini olan Ferran Mier yardımıyla keşfettiğim alana iki ziyaret yapıyorum ve ikincisinde Santa Eugenia Belediyesi Park ve Bahçeler Müdürlüğünde çalışan ve bu bahçeden sorumlu olan tekniker Christian Geis ile alanda bir röportaj gerçekleştiriyorum.
(Şehir ve Toplum dergisi - Sayı 4, s.41)

- by Dalya Hazar
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- Urban Agriculture, Girona, Urban Gardening

stәĺĵxwáli (Place-of-Medicine) Ethnobotanical Garden at Gold Park is a product of an educational partnership between the Snohomish Tribe of Indians, Edmonds Community College, and the City of Lynnwood. Following the recommendation of Rosie Cayou James of the Samish Nation and in response to the requests of the Native American Student Association, the Anthropology Department at Edmonds CC led the design and construction of a Cultural Kitchen adjacent to the Campus Community Farm on the Edmonds Community College campus. Now named q’wәld’ali (Place-of-the-Cooking-Fire), the Cultural Kitchen features a Coast Salish pit oven, a fire-pit for Salmon Bakes, and an earthen cob oven for cooking demonstrations from a variety of cultural traditions.

- by Thomas W Murphy
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- Ethnobotany, Agroecology, Environmental Anthropology, Anthropology of Food

The peri-urban area of fast growing Chinese cities is under great pressure from the land demands of urban expansion, resulting in the loss of arable land, environmental deterioration and social exclusion of village communities. The recent development of agro-tourism enterprises in peri-urban areas, as a form of commercial urban agriculture, offers a means to promote integrated urban and rural development in a manner that can counteract some of the negative impacts of urbanization. This paper describes and analyzes the performance of a large-scale agro-tourism enterprise, Xiedao Green Resort in Beijing, over the period 2004–2008. The business model combines agricultural production and tourism services fostering a demand-supply relationship between urban and rural areas. It offers a way to improve the quality of agricultural products and services, while developing multiple functions of agro-tourism which have wider economic, environmental and social benefits, creating opportunities for integrated and sustainable urban–rural development.

- by Richard Sliuzas
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- Human Geography, Rural Development, Social Exclusion, Urban And Regional Planning

L’agriculture urbaine a le vent en poupe, souvent au nom d’une participation au reverdissement de la ville, de la recréation de liens, entre les urbains et la productiona gricole et alimentaire, voire entre lesurbains eux-mêmes. Mais l’agriculture urbaine comporte, aussi des enjeux de santé importants, qui plaident
pour un aménagement urbain favorisant le maintien ou l’installation de cette agriculture dans des conditions environnementales saines.

- by Jeanne Pourias and +1
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- Urban Agriculture
- by Jay Fiskio
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- Urban Studies, Urban Agriculture, Rust Belt, Food Justice

With increasing urbanization and environmental degradation, urban landscapes are increasingly expected to provide a wide range of ecosystem services typically associated with rural areas, including biodiversity conservation and food production. Because residential landscapes constitute the largest single urban land use, domestic gardens have emerged as a topic of research interest and planning concern. The ecosystem services (or disservices) these landscapes provide, however, have not been rigorously measured, nor have tradeoffs between the services they provide been assessed. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 59 African American, Chinese-origin or Mexican-origin households with on-lot or vacant lot food gardens in Chicago. Crop plants and cultivated ornamental plants on the lot were inventoried and mapped at the species level. A total of 123 edible plant taxa from 25 families and 288 ornamental plant species from 85 families were identified, for a combined total of 387 species from 90 families. Cumulatively, the gardens of African American households were relatively rich in ornamental plant species and families, while those of Chinese-origin households had a depauperate flora. Crop plant richness was more even across sample types. Shade trees and a developed shrub layer were absent from most gardens, possibly representing a tradeoff in ecosystem services in favor of food production. The richness of the aggregate 2.1 ha of residential property inventoried in this study was comparable with or exceeded that of a 34 ha prairie remnant west of Chicago. However, only 35 (9.6%) of the inventoried species were native to the Chicago area.

- by John Taylor and +1
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- Sociology, Ecosystem Services, Agrobiodiversity, Social-Ecological Systems

Urban green spaces have been researched extensively for their contribution toward livable, sustainable and resilient cities. Studies illustrate increasing awareness of the
multi-functional roles such spaces can fulfill in addressing urbanization pressures and associated impacts such as increasing stress on global food systems, notably by
accommodating practices of urban agriculture (UA). This paper investigates the potential for UA in South Africa as a citizen-led urban greening strategy, considering potential
and limitations for the increased application of UA in spatial planning. The paper provides a review of core concepts and illustrates potential and certain limitations via UA cases studies in two leading South African provinces and a review of the national policy and legislative framework pertaining to UA. Findings highlight particular issues for consideration to augment the implementation of UA in South Africa, including opportunities to draw on existing citizen-led initiatives and increasing awareness of UA among communities, authorities, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector; the potential to utilize skilled and knowledgeable rural migrants; and possibilities to capitalize on a growing market for UA related opportunities to stimulate economic growth and employment creation whilst addressing food security concerns. Limitations highlighted in the paper, include many current UA initiatives not being self-sustaining and fully citizen-driven, requiring constant support and resources from multiple stakeholders;
a cultural stigma attached to UA activities, hampering more uptake, especially among the youth; limited national support as no dedicated national policy on UA exists to direct the spatial planning community; and lastly, that South African spatial planners exhibit limited knowledge of UA and green infrastructure in general. The paper concludes with broad recommendations for the international planning community to advance the implementation of UA as a citizen-led urban greening strategy, drawing on the South African experience.

- by Juanee Cilliers
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- Sustainable Development, Urban Agriculture, Urban greening
- by Marion Ernwein
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- Urban Geography, Urban Studies, Neoliberalism, Urban Sociology

original title: "Ernährungssicherung durch Urban Gardening? – Erfahrungen aus Toronto"
Angesichts des Aufschwungs urbaner Gartenformen in der Bundesrepublik, die sich explizit dem Nahrungsmittelanbau widmen, stellt sich die Frage nach ihrem Beitrag zur städtischen Ernährungssicherung. Dazu werden in vorliegendem Aufsatz Erfahrungen aus Toronto vorgestellt und der Zusammenhang von Gemeinschaftsgärten, Ernährungssicherung und Ernährungsgerechtigkeit diskutiert.

- by Marit Rosol
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- Critical Food Geographies, Urban Agriculture, Toronto

Always a part of city life, urban agriculture has recently attracted increased attention from diverse groups in the United States, which promote it as a strategy for stimulating economic development, increasing food security and access, and combatting obesity and diabetes, among other goals. Developing effective policies and programs at the city or neighborhood level demands as a first step the accurate mapping of existing urban agriculture sites. Mapping efforts in major U.S. cities have been limited in their focus and methodology. Focusing on public sites of food production, such as community gardens, they have overlooked the actual and potential contribution of private spaces, including home food gardens, to local food systems. This paper describes a case study of urban agriculture in Chicago which used the manual analysis of high-resolution aerial images in Google Earth in conjunction with ArcGIS to identify and map public and private spaces of food production. The resulting spatial dataset demonstrates that urban agriculture is an extensive land use type with wide variations in the distribution of sites across the city. Only 13% of sites reported to be community gardening projects by nongovernment organizations and government agencies were determined, through image analysis, to be sites of food production. The production area of home gardens identified by the study is almost threefold that of community gardens. Study results suggest opportunities may exist for scaling up existing production networks—including home food gardens—and enhancing community food sovereignty by leveraging local knowledges of urban
agriculture.

- by John Taylor and +1
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- Remote Sensing, Urban Planning, Urban Agriculture, Home gardens
- by Paola Branduini
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- Political Science, Urban Agriculture