Ventilation Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

5,203 Followers

Recent papers in Ventilation

Problem statement: The use of the central courtyard in different regions of Iran had become a tradition in the past architecture of Iran. As ventilation is of great importance in a hot and humid climate, the structure of the central... more

Problem statement: The use of the central courtyard in different regions of Iran had become a tradition in the past architecture of Iran. As ventilation is of great importance in a hot and humid climate, the structure of the central courtyard in the building can play an effective role in this matter. However, no research has been done on the central courtyard’s proportions and its role in improving ventilation in the surrounding spaces needs more investigation.
Research objective: This research attempts to investigate the role of proportions and elongation of the central courtyard in creating ventilation in the surrounding spaces in hot and humid climates.
Research method: For this purpose, one of the most important ventilation indicators, including wind speed, was measured in a field (experimentally) in one of the traditional houses with a central courtyard pattern. These results are used as a base index for the analysis of other samples. In the next step, 10 samples were extracted based on the proportions and length of the yard, all of which were simulated under the same climatic conditions in the computational fluid dynamics software environment, and finally, the results were presented in the form of different outputs such as wind speed, air age, air flow rate and finally ventilation efficiency was measured. The independent variable in this research is the horizontal proportions of the central courtyard and the dependent variable is the efficiency of ventilation in the space available in the ax of the central courtyard.
Conclusion: The results of the research showed that in the central courtyard buildings, with the increase of the courtyard extension along the external airflow of the building, the ventilation efficiency increases significantly.

The aim of this paper is to present a training methodology which can be a powerful incentive for cardiovascular and metabolic adaptation via individually programmed aerobic training by running directly through oxygen uptake. The... more

The aim of this paper is to present a training methodology which can be a powerful incentive for cardiovascular and metabolic adaptation via individually programmed aerobic training by running directly through oxygen uptake. The experiment was conducted on a top judo female contestant during 24 weeks of training. The distribution of training loads was in the range between a anaerobic threshold and the maximal oxygen uptake. The change models were made by using the least squares fitting method. In 24 weeks, the female judoka improved the results of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) by 26%, the relative maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 rel) by 26%, the velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) by 26% and the Cooper running test (K) by 24%. She started with 59% of her genetic capacity of maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max), 58% of maximal relative oxygen uptake (VO 2 rel), and after 24 weeks of training she reached 84% of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) and 85% of the relative maxim...

Nowadays an increasing number of people spend a lot of their time in indoor spaces and the global market for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is increasing very quickly to improve the indoor air quality and the thermal... more

Nowadays an increasing number of people spend a lot of their time in indoor spaces and the global market for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is increasing very quickly to improve the indoor air quality and the thermal comfort. The International Energy Agency assesses that almost the 20% of global energy consumption is addressed to mechanical air conditioning. The use of local resources and the rediscovery opportunities given by passive cooing and ventilation systems may suggest interesting ways to provide benefits for humans and to reduce environmental footprint. The paper focuses on the application of wind-catcher system in a modern public school in the city of Yazd (Iran), in a hot and arid climate zone. Opportunities and benefits are discussed to evaluate the efficiency of the redesign of the traditional wind-catcher and its integration in new modern buildings.

Since the beginning of the pandemic, there have been restrictions in the daily care of surgical patients – both elective and emergency. Readying supply capacities and establishing isolation areas and areas for suspected cases in the... more

Since the beginning of the pandemic, there have been restrictions in the daily care of surgical patients – both elective and emergency. Readying supply capacities and establishing isolation areas and areas for suspected cases in the clinics have led to keeping beds free for treating (suspected) COVID-19 cases. It was therefore necessary to temporarily postpone elective surgery. Now, elective care can be gradually resumed with the second phase of the pandemic in Germany. However, it remains the order of the day to adapt pre-, intra- and post-operative procedures to the new COVID-19 conditions while maintaining specialized hygiene measures. This concerns the correct procedure for the use of personal protective materials as well as process adjustment for parallel treatment of positive and negative patients in the central OR, and handling of aerosols in the operating theater, operating room, and surgical site under consideration of staff and patient protection. Although dealing with sur...

The aim of this study was to measure the temporal effects of intramuscular methadone administration on the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in hens, and to evaluate the effects of the isoflurane-methadone combination... more

The aim of this study was to measure the temporal effects of intramuscular methadone administration on the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in hens, and to evaluate the effects of the isoflurane-methadone combination on heart rate and rhythm, blood pressure and ventilation. Thirteen healthy adult hens weighing 1.7 ± 0.2 kg were used. The MAC of isoflurane was determined in each individual using the bracketing method. Subsequently, the reduction in isoflurane MAC produced by methadone (3 or 6 mg kg-1, IM) was determined by the up-and-down method. Stimulation was applied at 15 and 30 minutes, and at 45 minutes if the bird had not moved at 30 minutes. Isoflurane MAC reduction was calculated at each time point using logistic regression. After a washout period, birds were anesthetized with isoflurane and methadone, 6 mg kg-1 IM was administered. Heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate, blood gas values and invasive blood pressure were measured at 1.0 and 0.7 isofluran...

In elderly patients, goal-directed haemodynamic therapy (GDHT), depth of anaesthesia monitoring and lung-protective ventilation have been shown to improve postoperative outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate current practices... more

In elderly patients, goal-directed haemodynamic therapy (GDHT), depth of anaesthesia monitoring and lung-protective ventilation have been shown to improve postoperative outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate current practices concerning strategies of anaesthesia optimisation in patients aged≥75 years. A multicentre observational study was performed from February to May 2015 in 23 French academic centres. On 30 consecutive days in each centre, patients≥75 years with at least one major comorbidity undergoing elective or emergency procedures (femoral-neck fractures surgery, intraperitoneal abdominal surgery or vascular surgery) were included. Patient characteristics and data related to GHDT, management of hypotension, monitoring of temperature and depth of anaesthesia, lung ventilation, point of care haemoglobin testing were collected. In total, 807 patients were included. Only 2% of patients [95% CI: 1-3] received GHDT in full accordance with guidelines. Depth of anaesthesia ...

Animal welfare is a matter of increasing interest due to ethical and economical worries regarding animal rights and the sustainability of meat production. Ammonia, carbon dioxide, and methane can be produced in the livestock buildings... more

Animal welfare is a matter of increasing interest due to ethical and economical worries regarding animal rights and the sustainability of meat production. Ammonia, carbon dioxide, and methane can be produced in the livestock buildings and, if not adequately controlled by ventilation, can be dangerous for animals and farmers. The aim of the present paper is to study the effects of different ventilation systems in rabbit buildings based on the temporal patterns and the spatial distribution of these noxious gases. The experimental measurements were conducted in two rabbit farms with genetically homogeneous animals subjected to the same diet. Two buildings with different forced ventilation layouts (cross ventilation - building A and longitudinal ventilation - building B) were subjected to the monitoring of indoor environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane) over a whole year. In both the buildings, ventilation was adjusted automatically by ...

The article refers of the problem of the occurrence of microorganisms in air-conditioning and ventilation systems serving health care facilities and their impact on the condition of the air supplied to the premises. The available results... more

The article refers of the problem of the occurrence of microorganisms in air-conditioning and ventilation systems serving
health care facilities and their impact on the condition of the air supplied to the premises. The available results of studies
of the state of microbiological cleanliness of ventilation and air conditioning systems in hospitals are discussed,
including occurrence of particular groups and species of microorganisms, seasonal variation, and the equipment and
places most at risk of microbial colonization. The need has been identified to define the types of microorganisms whose
presence in ventilation systems should be controlled and to determine the permissible abundances of these
microorganisms in ventilation air and in the deposits inside air-conditioning and ventilation systems.

The article presents the influence of forecasted climate changes on the energy demand for air treatment, based on the example of a ventilation system designed to maintain the assumed temperature and minimum relative humidity in a room.... more

The article presents the influence of forecasted climate changes on the energy demand for air treatment, based on the
example of a ventilation system designed to maintain the assumed temperature and minimum relative humidity in
a room. Changes in the year-round energy demand for heating, humidification, cooling and dehumidification of air
were calculated. The analyzes were based on RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios describing future climate
changes, developed for Wroclaw for a period of two generations – until 2080. Due to the low probability of fulfilling
the RCP2.6 forecast, it was considered a baseline, while the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 forecasts, due to expected climate
changes, were adopted as relatively optimistic and pessimistic, respectively. The forecast climate change determines in
the coming decades a decrease in the energy demand for heating and humidification and an increase in the energy
demand for cooling and dehumidification. It is also predicted that there will be a greater risk of not meeting the
assumed humidity conditions in the room. The increase in the energy demand for air cooling shows a greater increase
than the change in outdoor air temperature alone. For positive heat gains in the room (Δt = 3 K, Δt = 6 K), an
increase in energy demand for cooling and dehumidification in the range of 35% (for RCP4.5) to as much as 100%
(for RCP8.5) can be expected in 2080 compared to the demand in 2020, with a simultaneous reduction in the time it
takes to ensure indoor humidity conditions at the required level.

Summary Surgical site infections (SSI) account for 14% to 17% of all hospital-acquired infections and 38% of nosocomial infections in surgical patients. SSI remain a substantial cause of morbidity and death, possibly because of the larger... more

Summary Surgical site infections (SSI) account for 14% to 17% of all hospital-acquired infections and 38% of nosocomial infections in surgical patients. SSI remain a substantial cause of morbidity and death, possibly because of the larger numbers of elderly surgical patients or those with a variety of chronic and immunocompromising conditions, and emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Factors causing surgical site infection are multifarious. Several studies have identified the main patient-related (endogenous risk factors) and procedure-related (external risk factors) factors that influence the risk of SSI. The rate of surgical wound infections is strongly influenced by operating theatre quality, too. A safe and salubrious operating theatre is an environment in which all sources of pollution and any micro-environmental alterations are kept strictly under control. This can be achieved only through careful planning, maintenance and periodic checks, as well as proper ongoin...

Today, carbon and energy conservation are widely recognized as pressing issues on a worldwide scale. Passive systems provide a viable solution to this problem by reducing energy use while simultaneously improving indoor air quality. The... more

Today, carbon and energy conservation are
widely recognized as pressing issues on a worldwide scale.
Passive systems provide a viable solution to this problem
by reducing energy use while simultaneously improving
indoor air quality. The traditional windcatcher is one such
sustainable passive strategy that has historical relevance in
Egypt. It was used in single- and double-story structures to
allow for cross-ventilation and to keep interior areas cooler
during the summer. This study investigates the practicality
of windcatchers as an effective passive cooling and natural
ventilation approach for multi-story structures in Egypt,
with a special focus on the summer months, using the
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique. Using
the simulation software DesignBuilder, a 3D CFD study is
carried out to undertake an extensive assessment. The aim
is to analyze and compare the airflow and the indoor
thermal comfort between three possible configurations, one
without a windcatcher, one with a windcatcher oriented
toward the wind, and one with two windcatchers, one
oriented toward the wind and one away from it. The
windcatcher models have been effectively incorporated
into a scaled-down representation of a test room. The
evaluation of the thermal comfort study is conducted by the
ASHRAE standard 55. The findings derived from the CFD
simulations suggest that windcatchers possess the capacity
to significantly augment the natural ventilation within
high-rise structures situated in hot and arid regions.
Moreover, it has been suggested that the utilization of
multiple windcatchers as both intake and exhaust systems
could potentially improve thermal comfort and ventilation
in the specified space. This study provides significant
insights into the possibility of windcatchers as a viable
passive cooling strategy for multi-story structures in Egypt.
As a result, it contributes to the ongoing discussion on
sustainable construction practices in this particular location.

Ove godine, posle blagog proleća, i pre vremena ušli smo u leto koje karakterišu dugi nizovi tropskih dana sa temperaturama koje su apsolutni maksimum od kada se vrše merenja na tim lokacijama. Medonosne pčele uspevaju da žive i po... more

Ove godine, posle blagog proleća, i pre vremena ušli smo u leto koje karakterišu dugi nizovi tropskih dana sa temperaturama koje su apsolutni maksimum od kada se vrše merenja na tim lokacijama. Medonosne pčele uspevaju da žive i po hladnom i po toplom vremenu, ali i tu postoje granice. Previše toplote može da oslabi društvo ili, u najmanju ruku, da odvlači pčele radilice sa njihovog glavnog zadatka da budu produktivne.

In new house construction, initial experiments with passive stacks have shown that there is a potential for significant radon mitigation performance. However, some houses have achieved better mitigation performance than others, and this... more

In new house construction, initial experiments with passive stacks have shown that there is a potential for significant radon mitigation performance. However, some houses have achieved better mitigation performance than others, and this paper reviews the ...

Indonesia memiliki kelembapan udara yang cukup tinggi sebagai salah satu kriterianya sebagai negara tropis lembab. Tingginya kelembapan udara dapat mempengaruhi baik secara fisik, berupa tumbuhnya jamur dan pelapukan pada bangunan maupun... more

Indonesia memiliki kelembapan udara yang cukup tinggi sebagai salah satu kriterianya sebagai negara tropis lembab. Tingginya kelembapan udara dapat mempengaruhi baik secara fisik, berupa tumbuhnya jamur dan pelapukan pada bangunan maupun terhadap Kesehatan pengguna ruang yang dapat meningkatkan resiko masalah Kesehatan khususnya pernafasan, penyakit kulit dan kekebalan tubuh. Kondisi bangunan ini umumnya ditemukan pada bangunan dengan material masif dengan kandungan air yang rendah sehingga kurang mampu menyerap kelembapan. Material alami pada penelitian terdahulu dikatakan memiliki potensi dalam menyerap kelembapan. Pada penelitian ini material alami dikaji lebih lanjut terkait penerapan dan kinerjanya sebagai elemen bangunan pada rumah tinggal tropis lembab. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif komparatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan model fisik dan observasi secara langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa material gambas...

Pondok Pesantren Darul Hikam di Kabupaten Mojokerto, Provinsi Jawa Timur. merupakan salah satu pondok yang berdampak pada meningkatnya jumlah pendaftar santri sehingga ruang-ruang pondok harus dapat memberikan kenyamanan kepada... more

Pondok Pesantren Darul Hikam di Kabupaten Mojokerto, Provinsi Jawa Timur. merupakan salah satu pondok yang berdampak pada meningkatnya jumlah pendaftar santri sehingga ruang-ruang pondok harus dapat memberikan kenyamanan kepada para santri dan ustadznya. Penghawaan pada ruang kelas dan asrama menggunakan penghawaan alami, sehingga dibutuhkan bukaan yang baik agar bisa mengalirkan udara dengan baik. Ruang kelas digunakan untuk kegiatan belajar-mengajar selama ± 9 jam dan asrama digunakan untuk kegiatan santri selama 24 jam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan pendekatan deskriptif evaluatif. Data temperatur ruang dalam kelas dan asrama diambil menggunakan alat termometer dan anemometer dan disimulasikan dengan software Ecotect Analysis 2011. Variabel bebas yang diteliti yaitu bukaan meliputi posisi, dimensi, jenis bukaan. Sedangkan variabel terikat yaitu data temperatur ruang kelas. Standar temperatur ruang dalam adalah 25 °C – 27 °C. setelah dilakukan...

Unit Pelaksana Teknis (UPT) SMA Negeri Olahraga (SMANOR) Jawa Timur merupakansekolah negeri yang memiliki fokus peminatan pada bidang olah raga. Sebelum dansetelah melakukan aktivitas sekolah dan olahraga, siswa menghabiskan waktunyauntuk... more

Unit Pelaksana Teknis (UPT) SMA Negeri Olahraga (SMANOR) Jawa Timur merupakansekolah negeri yang memiliki fokus peminatan pada bidang olah raga. Sebelum dansetelah melakukan aktivitas sekolah dan olahraga, siswa menghabiskan waktunyauntuk beristirahat di dalam asrama. Asrama siswa seharusnya nyaman secara termalagar siswa tetap sehat, baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Permasalahan utamaasrama adalah pada orientasi bangunan yang belum menyesuaikan dengan kondisiiklim tropis lembab, sehingga berdampak terhadap kenyamanan termal ruang kamarasrama. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah pengukuran langsungterhadap temperatur, kelembaban, dan kecepatan aliran udara pada sampel kamarterpilih. Pembagian kuesioner dilakukan untuk mengetahui sensasi termal, tingkatkepuasan, aktivitas, pakaian yang digunakan, dan perlakuan siswa terhadap jendela,ventilasi, serta pembayang matahari internal. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkanbahwa kenyamanan termal pada asrama siswa belum tercapa...

Kota Tangerang memiliki temperatur udara rata-rata tahunan sebesar 31,35°C (2018), dan selalu megalami kenaikan di tiap tahunnya. Kondisi ini membuat Kota Tangerang berada di ambang batas atas kategori kenyamanan termal. Kenyamanan termal... more

Kota Tangerang memiliki temperatur udara rata-rata tahunan sebesar 31,35°C (2018), dan selalu megalami kenaikan di tiap tahunnya. Kondisi ini membuat Kota Tangerang berada di ambang batas atas kategori kenyamanan termal. Kenyamanan termal sendiri sangat sensitif apabila dihubungkan dengan kenyamanan termal di sekolah karena berefek pada kinerja siswa dalam proses belajar belajar siswa. Alfa Omega School merupakan sekolah non-formal yang menggunakan material alami yang ber- thermal mass besar yang merupakan konsep desain bangunan Arsitektur Tropis Nusantara untuk menurunkan temperatur udara lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif-kualitatif-kuantitatif dengan melakukan pengukuran kondisi termal lingkungan dan penyebaran kuesioner di tiga ruang kelas Alfa Omega School. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan material alami dalam perubahan temperatur udara dan mengetahui persepsi kenyamanan termal pengguna tiga ruang kelas SMP dan S...

WABER SuDBE 2024 Conference Proceedings

The review discusses the sources and concentrations of particulate matter in different microenvironments, their effect on human health, monitoring and their possible control measures particularly in office and residential buildings.... more

The review discusses the sources and concentrations of particulate matter in different microenvironments, their effect on human health, monitoring and their possible control measures particularly in office and residential buildings. Effect of various ventilation strategies on particulate concentration in air has been discussed. The calculations suggest that if the outdoor particle concentration is not more than 5-10 times the indoor particle generation rate, ventilation could be a very effective tool to control the indoor particle concentration. For coarse particles the choice of ventilation strategy is not very crucial, but for fine particulate slow rate of ventilation is more effective.