coronavirus outbreak Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Medical Microbiology, Medicine, coronavirus outbreak

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has significantly affected the dental care sector. Dental professionals are at high risk of being infected, and therefore transmitting SARS-CoV-2, due to the nature of their profession, with close proximity to the patient’s oropharyngeal and nasal regions and the use of aerosol-generating procedures. The aim of this article is to provide an update on different issues regarding SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 that may be relevant for dentists. Members of the French National College of Oral Biology Lecturers (“Collège National des EnseignantS en Biologie Orale”; CNESBO-COVID19 Task Force) answered seventy-two questions related to various topics, including epidemiology, virology, immunology, diagnosis and testing, SARS-CoV-2 transmission and oral cavity, COVID-19 clinical presentation, current treatment options, vaccine strategies, as well as infection prevention and con...

- by Jérôme Bouchet
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- Dentistry, Medicine, Oral health, Clinical Medicine

Psychological resources, such as defense mechanism and mindfulness practice, can mediate the individual reaction to traumatic experiences as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. A novel self-reported measure based on the DMRS (DMRS-SR-30), has been developed with the aim of assessing potential adaptive defensive strategies against the traumatic experience of COVID-19. Preliminary validation of the DMRS-SR-30 showed good internal consistency in both overall defensive functioning and subscales. Combining adaptive defense mechanisms and mindfulness practice could prevent psychological distress due to the effect of COVID-19 losses and quarantining.

- by Angelique Palle
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- Economics, Political Science, Medicine, Military

Sri Lankan economy is of 84 bn USD and out of this 5% is form tourism and it is also to be stressed that the community sensitivity of this 5% is extremely strong compared to some economic activities. Out of 22 mn population it is estimated that over 2 million people are directly or indirectly live on tourism making it is invertible in the economy. The ongoing pandemic has challenged globalization and global networks of interdependency where countries are driven towards self-sufficiency. This really is a myth and the global business operations are to be continued once the COVID 19 is successfully curbed in near future. Moreover, foreign remittances and textile industry are also in severe risks which are the other two significant income sources of Sri Lankan economy. Thus, tourism industry and global operations of the tourism biasness are to continue in a strong manner after Corona. Thus it is the time for Sri Lanka to rebrand, re-position and build strong destination image by displaying our strong human, social and rich values of hospitality that will lead the post COVID 19 tourism industry in the front of global competition. The global pandemic of novel Corona has not only brought entire socioeconomic structures in to a standstill but has challenged the globalization and global operations of enterprises. Paradoxically, potential repercussions and alternative way outs are yet volatile. However, for a speedy recovery and regain of the economy, employment and business functions a sustainable and fresh beginning is necessary in most of the worsened economic sectors. Conventionally, an infection used to attack the vulnerable groups with food, health care insecurity in their lifestyle and they normally used to be the poor of the society. Ironically, novel Corona infection first attacked the international travellers and the pandemic was caused through the travel and thus has confronted mainly the affluent social class globally. Since, tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing industries globally; it is expected to play a significant role in regaining the socioeconomic stability after Covid 19 pandemic. It is a key contributor to the Island economies and one of the most important industries that generates much needed foreign currency in Sri Lankan economy. Consequently, travel has become one of the key contributors of carrying the virus around the globe causing tremendous pressure on international travel and tourism operations including airline industry. It was recently confirmed that Qantas admitted viral infection to a large group of its crew challenging airline operations globally. Travel, tourism, hotel and MICE industry as an umbrella industry operation is facing immense challenges at present. The global and local context of the outbreak, impacts of the outbreak and suggestions for speedy recovery (short and long term) are critically evaluated in this review.

This article aims to present reflections on cooking skills in times of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The current period of uncertainty and isolation heightens food insecurity issues, influencing food choice, purchase, and preparation. Social media and networks are sources of entertainment and learning, with vast resources for cooking skills, which can stimulate home cooking and strengthen family ties. Research has evidenced the positive relationship between cooking and diet quality, an important factor for groups at increased risk of severe illness from Covid-19. For some individuals, cooking may be a strategy to reduce anxiety and stress associated with the pandemic. However, the Brazilian reality is marked by inequalities in income and access to food. Thus, more vulnerable populations may not have the same relationship with cooking. Public policies should focus on food and nutrition programs and actions for the development of cooking skills as a means to promote healthy e...

- by Clarice Mariano Fernandes Elpo
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- Pandemic, Revista de Nutrição, coronavirus outbreak

We discuss the effects of COVID-19 on consumer behaviour and elaborate on the consequences of this disruption for marketing strategies and marketing policies. The crisis shows similarities with changes in consumer behaviour and the way marketing is carried out during economic downturns. However, it also displays characteristics which differ from downcycles, such as shifts in consumption between categories and the accelerated shift from offline to online behaviour. This is forced by the re-evaluation of life priorities by final consumers.

- by Janny Hoekstra
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- Business, coronavirus outbreak

It was 2012 when the first case of corona virus noticed by the Saudi Authorities which spread through the Asian countries, also flown to European countries. In 1960 revealed the presence of the corona virus when it was declared as the reason of common cold in human beings. On January 30, 2020, the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global health emergency. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. There are three brands of vaccines available that are Pfizer, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson (Janssen). A mild difference may present as post vaccination effects. The Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is based as mRNA and marketed as Comirnaty. Pfizer reported a 91 percent efficacy rate after six months, while Moderna reported a 94 percent efficacy rate. Moderna, we are pioneering a class of medicines based on messenger RNA (mRNA). The Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine may not protect everyone. Mostly 2 doses of the vaccine are required to protect and these are intramuscular i...

- by Muhammad I M R A N Anjum
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- Public Health, Medicine, Molecular Biology and genetics, Biotecchnology
- by Bruce Rubin
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- Telehealth, Telemedicine, Medicine, Pandemic
- by Paul Root Wolpe
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- Applied Ethics, Bioethics, Political Science, Medicine
- by Giuseppe Novelli
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- Human Genetics, Virology, Molecular Genetics, Genes

The global pandemic produced by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and which then spread rapidly, made it difficult to find or develop effective medications for its prevention and treatment. Therefore, the first stage is necessitating the use of a precise and quick diagnostic method to detect SARS-CoV-2 infected patient followed by effective patient isolation and the commencement of early treatment, which can range from supportive therapy to specialised medications such corticosteroids, antiviral medications, antibiotics, and the recently introduced convalescent plasma. Despite the extraordinary developments in advanced medicinal system, no confirmed viable medicines exist at this time. Rapid research on SARS CoV-2 epidemiology has led to the discovery of certain new targets for prospective therapeutic treatments. Many therapeutic options have been evaluated, and clinical studies are proc...

- by Jayendrakumar Patel
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- Medicine, Pandemic, Coronavirus COVID-19, COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Background and Objective: In general, examining and prioritizing the factors influencing the increase of the new COVID-19 virus is essential for the survival of the world. The purpose of this study is to rank the effective factors (12 identified factors) on the increase of Coronavirus from the perspective of the people of Alborz province, in the second half of 2020, in this province.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using the Friedman test. In this applied research, A questionnaire was used, which was randomly distributed among 402 people (sample size using was derived using the Cochran's formula).
Results: In the forthcoming research, three fundamental questions were answered:

what are the factors influencing the increase in the number of patients with COVID-19 desease in Alborz province? This was done studying the literature and announcements of the Central Headquarters for Corona and library studies and "12" factors were identified, (other factors may also be involved),
considering the above factors, which factor is the first priority?
what are the basic solutions to reduce the number of patients?
Conclusion: Based on the results, the increase in the number of people infected with the Corona virus is affected by 12 factors from the perspective of the people of Alborz province. Regarding the importance of each of these "12" factors, the most effective factor, was identified as insufficiency of personal hygiene. The results of this research can help with monitoring, reducing the number of people who are infected, and creating and maintaining better conditions in this province and other parts of the country, and even other countries.

- by Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology and +1
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- Friedman test, Prioritization, coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus infections
- by Zhenzhong Si
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- Business, Food Security, Global South, Urban Food Security

Este artículo se centra en el estudio de la flexibilización laboral y teletrabajo durante la pandemia por la COVID-19. Especialmente, aborda el caso de las trabajadoras y trabajadores del sector cultural, quienes de manera repentina y, prácticamente, sin ninguna preparación previa, han tenido que realizar la mayor parte de sus actividades creativas a distancia y con distanciamiento físico. La investigación es de corte cualitativo con entrevistas en profundidad. Entre sus resultados se destacan la falta de condiciones técnicas y tecnológicas para llevar a cabo la actividad, así como las diferentes experiencias en función del género.

- by María Azucena Feregrino Basurto
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- PANDEMIA, Tendencias, Organización del trabajo, Sector Cultural
- by Paul Levinson
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- History, Sociology, Testimony, Teaching and Learning
- by Pallavi Kishore
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- History, Sociology, Testimony, Teaching and Learning
- by Angel Martinez-Hernaez
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- coronavirus outbreak
- by Jimmy Jaldemark
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- History, Sociology, Testimony, Teaching and Learning
- by Peter Mayo
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- History, Sociology, Testimony, Teaching and Learning

PurposeThe purpose of this viewpoint article is to understand crisis leadership during COVID-19 by examining the decision-making with respect to implementing COVID-19 mitigation measures, collaboration with stakeholders, and communication strategies of the governors of the States of California, Texas, Florida, and New York in the United States.Design/methodology/approachThis viewpoint article employs information from the extant literature on crisis leadership and secondary sources to understand the four governor's crisis leadership strategies during COVID-19.FindingsGovernors Gavin Newsom of California and Andrew Cuomo of New York made quicker decisions regarding implementing COVID-19 mitigation measures (e.g. shutting down the economy, mandating physical distancing, issuing stay-at-home orders, mandating wearing face covering in public and issuing a state of emergency) compared to Governors Greg Abbott of Texas and Ron DeSantis of Florida. In addition, all four governors collab...

- by Naim Kapucu
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- Political Science, Pandemic, Public Leadership, coronavirus outbreak
- by Liz Jackson
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- History, Sociology, Testimony, Teaching and Learning

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic could affect the mental health, especially to the health workforce directly exposed to the virus. ENT surgeons have one of the highest risks of exposure and infection by SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Cross-sectional study in otolaryngologists from Hispanoamerica. Socioeconomic and demographic variables were evaluated with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 score. Results: 256 ENT surgeons from sixteen Hispanoamerican countries were studied. The PHQ-9 scale presented an average of 5.45 (SD 4.22). The GAD-7 score presented an average of 4.55 (SD 3,457). The prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorders were 14.8% and 7%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the otolaryngologists who have been tested by nasopharyngeal swab have a significant prediction to present a higher score on the PHQ-9 score (p = .027), while on the GAD-7 score, older individuals have a significant prediction of lower score (p = .002). Otolaryngologists with more years of expe...

- by Alejandro Uribe-Escobar
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- coronavirus outbreak
- by Kevin Stockbridge
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- History, Sociology, Testimony, Teaching and Learning
- by Dorica Dan
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- Health Care, coronavirus outbreak

Infection with the new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus that causes COVID-19 spreads easily among humans and more continues to be detected over time as to how it spreads. The effect that this crisis will have on the mental health of the population, both in the short and long term, is unknown. In the acute phase, fears of possible exposure to infection, loss of employment, and financial strain are likely to increase psychological distress in the wider population. In the long run, grief and trauma are likely to appear as financial and social impacts become ingrained, the risk of depression and suicide may increase. Lack of hugs, handshakes, free movement and isolation have made it impossible for people to socialize and behave normally with each other. Anxiety, fear, insecurity and lack of self-confidence are some of the main problems that people faced during quarantine and that they may f...

- by Jana Chihai
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- Psychology, Mental Health, Biology, Pandemic
- by Anne Steketee
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- History, Sociology, Testimony, Teaching and Learning

For leftists, the “COVID crisis” reveals and intensifies the conditions of exploitation and oppression under capitalism. Can a meaningful movement of workers and the oppressed arise, especially if a longer economic crisis unfolds? Making more visible or intense does not automatically translate into awakening. This essay examines the possibilities for substantial, sustained anti-capitalist organization, given the limits and complexities of worker consciousness. It points to a vicious circle: the absence of widespread anti-capitalist consciousness to populate substantial organizations; the absence of substantial organizations to help foster anti-capitalist consciousness. It suggests a way out via methods and strategies that are appropriate to the “COVID moment.”

- by Robert Latham
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- Social Movements, Human Geography, Economics, Marxism

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the changes in clinical practice patterns among retina specialists in the Philippines in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Materials and Methods This was a multi-center cross-sectional study based on a self-reported online survey. An online questionnaire was distributed among practicing retina specialists in the Philippines as listed in the database of the Vitreo-Retina Society of the Philippines using a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. The questionnaire contained questions regarding changes in clinic set-up, laser procedures, intravitreal injections, vitreoretinal surgery, and long-term outlooks. Results A total of 48 responses were recorded and analyzed with a view rate of 41.7%. There was a decrease in the number of clinic consults, laser procedures, intravitreal injections, and vitreoretinal procedures with most reporting only 1–25% of their usual patient load. Several modifications in clini...

- by Sweet Jorlene Lerit
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- Medicine, Clinical Ophthalmology, Pandemic, coronavirus outbreak

In December 2019, Chinese authorities informed the World Health Organization about a new coronavirus disease that would come to be called Covid-19. The world media began reporting on this new virus and its consequences. However, reports about Covid-19 would not appear in the European and American media until their societies became aware of both the health and economic consequences of Covid-19 in March 2020. This article analyzes the online media coverage of economic inequality. The goal is to understand the formation of the public agenda, based on the impact of the disease on social classes as the main factor generating greater inequality levels, in particular inequality of opportunities as the most remarkable topic during the first stage of the pandemic. According to the first results of this content analysis, the social class divide will be deepened by the pandemic. For this study, a tool was designed to analyze both the manifest and latent content of the items. Using content anal...

- by Javier Díaz Noci
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- Political Science, Digital Journalism, Pandemic, Coronavirus
- by Monica Ayudina
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- Business, Technology, Pandemic, coronavirus outbreak
- by Vittorio Cotesta
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- Coronavirus, coronavirus outbreak

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was particularly invasive in Italy during the period between March and late April 2020, then decreased in both the number of infections and in the seriousness of the illness throughout the summer of 2020. In this work, we measure the severity of the disease by the ratio of Intensive Care Units (ICU) spaces occupied by COVID-19 patients and the number of Active Cases (AC) each month from April to October 2020. We also use the ratio of the number of Deaths (D) to the number of Active Cases. What clearly emerges, from rigorous statistical analysis, is a progressive decrease in both ratios until August, indicating progressive mitigation of the disease. This is particularly evident when comparing March–April with July–August; during the summer period the two ratios became roughly 18 times lower. We test such sharp decreases against possible bias in counting active cases and we confirm their statistical significance. We then interpret such evidence in t...

- by Karen Holmberg
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- Multidisciplinary, Environmental public health, coronavirus outbreak
- by Biswaranjan Paital
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- Medicine, Outbreak, Pandemic, Biochemistry and cell biology

Revolution only occurs when people are willing to die for it. The last few days of May 2020 showed that thousands of people were willing to risk their lives in the struggle against the racist capitalist system. Rage at four hundred years of oppression, exploitation, and denigration, at the systemic murder of black, brown, and indigenous people, and at wanton, visible, and permissible police violence could no longer be contained. Between the virus and the economy, there was nothing left to lose.

- by Jodi Dean
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- History, Democratic Theory, Pandemic, coronavirus outbreak

Lack of proper messaging at an outbreak of a novel disease causes panic with more serious damaging impacts on livelihoods, social-fabric of communities, economic landscapes, and political stability. There have been notable high levels of panic in South Africa and the globe with regard to the outbreak of COVID-19. The current lack of knowledge and poor communication has been attributed as a precursor to the skyrocketing global panic (Freimuth, Linnan, Potter, 2000). Fuelling this panic is the rate at which the incidence of new infections is increasing in countries outside of China, with Italy and Iran leading on a number of new infections and death cases.A Content Analysis method was used to analyze articles, media clips and social network reactions to the outbreak of COVID-19 in South Africa on the 6th of March 2020. The key to the investigation was to understand how authorities are communicating with the public on matters of national concern – regarding how they are prepared to dea...

- by Dr King Costa
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- Communication, Education, Health Communication, Health Promotion

The profession of social work is dedicated to the betterment of society and to the protection of marginalized and vulnerable groups. The profession’s mission is detailed in the set of seven core values: service; social justice; dignity and work of the person; importance of human relationships; integrity; and competence. Relationships between people and among groups are the primary tools of social work assessment, intervention and evaluation. In the time of coronavirus and COVID-19, there are many challenges for professional practitioners to adhere to social work’s core values as well as to maintain their own health and welfare in a time of uncertain and rapidly changing situations. This paper will examine the challenges and innovations for each social work core value and present ideas for innovation and adaptation suited to these times. The paper will present challenges and innovations using examples of two community agencies providing services to people who are homeless and addicte...

- by Kathleen Farkas
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- Sociology, Pandemic, Coronavirus, coronavirus outbreak

The global health, economic, and social impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic are growing day by day. Over the past few months, first China, and now the whole world has been grappling with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in businesses, employees, customers, communities, and each other. The people worldwide are strongly committed to working together and supporting each other in every way possible during this critical period filled with fear and uncertainty. Grounded on stakeholder theory and corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature, the study attempts to explore business responses to the COVID-19 pandemic to support its vital stakeholders such as employees, customers, communities, and society as a whole through CSR initiatives. The study based on the contemporary phenomenon considered multi-items as data sources such as press releases, newsletters, and letters to shareholders, which were retrieved from the top 25 (the sample) corporations of the 100 Best Corpora...

- by Birgit Sauer
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- Cultural Studies, Media Studies, Nationalism, Populism

The present paper is dedicated to COVID-19 pandemic impact that manifested itself around the world since the end of 2019 and significantly affected the tourism and hospitality industry. In Russia and in the world, tourism is among industries the most affected by the consequences of restrictions and anti-epidemiological measures against COVID-19. The article divides the examples of mechanisms for overcoming the epidemic consequences in tourism, developed by different states and in Russia, in 9 groups (categories), and considers them in a comparative aspect. COVID-19 exacerbated relationship problems between two main subjects of the tourism market - tour operators and travel agents. Numerous mechanisms of government supporting Russian tourism industry do not work to the full and are not effective enough. The article discusses these problems, highlights the main trends and prospects of the tourism industry in Russia and in the world, and tries to outline the contours of the "post-...

- by Oleg Afanasiev
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- Political Science, Tourism, Pandemic, coronavirus outbreak

In 2020, social workers across the world responded to the global COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent strict lockdown procedures over several months. In many countries, including Australia and New Zealand, this virtual shutdown period necessitated a reframing of social work practice to incorporate factors including delivery of services via virtual means and more limited access for vulnerable clients. This article draws on the integration of two methods designed to address the research question: ‘How has social work practice in Australia and New Zealand been affected by COVID-19?’ These include (i) a narrative review of papers published during 2020 on social work practice and the COVID-19 pandemic and (ii) an online survey, undertaken from October to December 2020, of Australian and New Zealand social workers. The questionnaire data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and thematic analysis. The findings of this article details include the significan...

- by Lynne Briggs
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- Social Work, Pandemic, coronavirus outbreak

During the WHO-GloPID COVID-19 Global Research and Innovation Forum meeting held in Geneva on the 11th and 12th of February 2020 a number of different ethical concepts were used. This paper briefly states what a number of these concepts mean and how they might be applied to discussions about research during the COVID-19 pandemic and related outbreaks. This paper does not seek to be exhaustive and other ethical concepts are, of course, relevant and important.

- by Maxwell J Smith
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- Philosophy, Applied Ethics, Public Health Ethics, coronavirus outbreak
- by David Relman
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- Science, Multidisciplinary, coronavirus outbreak
- by Waraporn Thaima
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- Psychology, Anxiety, ANXIETY, coronavirus outbreak

Coronaviruses are responsible for various diseases in mammals and birds ranging from enteritis in cows and pigs and respiratory tract infections in chickens to potentially deadly human respiratory infections Every decade has witnessed the evolution of a new coronavirus epidemic since the last three decades Coronaviruses are known to have high transformation and recombination rates, which may permit them to cross species boundaries and adjust within new hosts The human airway route fills in as the primary passage point for these respiratory virus infections The objective of this review article was to have an initial opinion about the COVID-19, the methods of diagnosis & treatment, and prevention in this early stage of the disease

- by MOHAMMAD SHAMiM
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- Medicine, Pandemic, Coronavirus, coronavirus outbreak