Pararammelsbergite (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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About PararammelsbergiteHide

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Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Name:

Named in 1940 by Martin Alfred Peacock and Alexander Stewart Dadson from the Greek παρά = beyond and rammelsbergite, because of its relationship to the root mineral.

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Hudson Bay Mine, Coleman Township, Cobalt area, Cobalt-Gowganda region, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada
ⓘ Moose Horn Mine, James Township, Elk Lake area, Cobalt-Gowganda region, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada
ⓘ Keeley-Frontier Mine, South Lorrain Township, Cobalt-Gowganda region, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada

The low-temperature polymorph of NiAs2.

The crystal structure is transitional between the marcasite and pyrite structures (Fleet, 1972).

Compare, e.g., the (now approved / redefined) dienerite.

Peacock (1940) gives a summary of the early history and confusion surrounding the identity and naming of the species.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3106:2

79561d48-9055-4fe9-a7f6-b46c7a0fbf2a

IMA Classification of PararammelsbergiteHide

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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of PararammelsbergiteHide

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2.EB.10e

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.

2.12.5.1

2 : SULFIDES
12 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2

3.11.29

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol Source Reference
Prmb IMA–CNMNC Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of PararammelsbergiteHide

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Hardness:

VHN100=681 - 830 kg/mm2 - Vickers

Density:

7.12 g/cm3 (Measured) 7.24 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of PararammelsbergiteHide

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Anisotropism:

Strong, in russet-brown, brown, yellow, gray.

Reflectivity:

Wavelength R1 R2
400nm 57.3% 57.7%
420nm 57.7% 57.9%
440nm 58.1% 58.1%
460nm 58.6% 58.4%
480nm 58.9% 58.7%
500nm 59.1% 59.0%
520nm 59.1% 59.2%
540nm 59.0% 59.6%
560nm 58.8% 60.0%
580nm 58.7% 60.4%
600nm 58.5% 60.7%
620nm 58.2% 60.9%
640nm 58.0% 61.1%
660nm 57.8% 61.2%
680nm 57.6% 61.3%
700nm 57.4% 61.3%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 61.3%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

Pure white

Chemistry of PararammelsbergiteHide

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Common Impurities:

Co,Cu,S

Crystallography of PararammelsbergiteHide

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Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) - Dipyramidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.753(6) Å, b = 5.799(6) Å, c = 11.407(9) Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.992 : 1 : 1.967

Unit Cell V:

380.56 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Comment:

From Fleet (1972).

Crystallographic forms of PararammelsbergiteHide

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Crystal Atlas:

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ID Species Reference Link Year Locality Pressure (GPa) Temp (K)
0000267 Pararammelsbergite Fleet M E (1972) The crystal structure of pararammelsbergite (NiAs2) American Mineralogist 57 1-9 1972 0 293
0012153 Pararammelsbergite Stassen W N, Heyding R D (1968) Crystal structures of RuSe2, OsSe2, PtAs2, and alpha-NiAs2 Canadian Journal of Chemistry 46 2159-2163 1968 synthetic 0 293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing Intensity
2.855 Å (50)
2.827 Å (48)
2.602 Å (45)
2.559 Å (100)
2.541 Å (45)
2.521 Å (96)
2.371 Å (67)
2.337 Å (67)
1.821 Å (52)
1.741 Å (66)
1.533 Å (45)
1.380 Å (45)

Comments:

Synthetic. The data are from Bennett and Heyding (1966).

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Type Occurrence of PararammelsbergiteHide

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Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Hudson Bay Mine, Coleman Township, Cobalt area, Cobalt-Gowganda region, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada
ⓘ Moose Horn Mine, James Township, Elk Lake area, Cobalt-Gowganda region, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada
ⓘ Keeley-Frontier Mine, South Lorrain Township, Cobalt-Gowganda region, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada

General Appearance of Type Material:

Massive, in part minutely crystallized.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, numbers M11772a-c, M14242, and M12411 (cotype).

Other Language Names for PararammelsbergiteHide

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Relationship of Pararammelsbergite to other SpeciesHide

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Other Members of this group:

Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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2.EB. Iridarsenite (Ir,Ru)As2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
2.EB. Selenolaurite RuSe2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB. Andrieslombaardite RhSbS Iso. 23 : _P_213
2.EB. Kanatzidisite (SbBiS3)2Te2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/m
2.EB.05a Aurostibite AuSb2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05b Bambollaite Cu(Se,Te)2 Tet.
2.EB.05a Cattierite CoS2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a Erlichmanite OsS2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a Fukuchilite Cu3FeS8 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a Geversite PtSb2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a Hauerite MnS2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a Insizwaite Pt(Bi,Sb)2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a Krut'aite CuSe2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a Laurite RuS2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a Penroseite (Ni,Co,Cu)Se2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a Pyrite FeS2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a Sperrylite PtAs2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a Trogtalite CoSe2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a Vaesite NiS2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a Villamanínite (Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S2 Tric.
2.EB.05a Dzharkenite FeSe2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a Gaotaiite Ir3Te8 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.05a v Cayeuxite
2.EB.10b Alloclasite Co1-xFexAsS Mon. 2 : _P_21
2.EB.10d Costibite CoSbS Orth. m _m_2 : P m _n_21
2.EB.10a Ferroselite FeSe2 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n n m
2.EB.10a Frohbergite FeTe2 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n n m
2.EB.10c Glaucodot (Co0.50Fe0.50)AsS Orth. m _m_2 : P m _n_21
2.EB.10a Kullerudite NiSe2 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n n m
2.EB.10a Marcasite FeS2 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n n m
2.EB.10a Mattagamite CoTe2 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n n m
2.EB.10e Paracostibite CoSbS Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P b c a
2.EB.10f Oenite CoSbAs Orth.
2.EB.10a Petříčekite CuSe2 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n n m
2.EB.15a Anduoite (Ru,Os)As2 Orth.
2.EB.15a Clinosafflorite CoAs2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/m
2.EB.15a Löllingite FeAs2 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n n m
2.EB.15a Nisbite NiSb2 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n n m
2.EB.15a Omeiite (Os,Ru)As2 Orth.
2.EB.15c Paxite CuAs2 Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
2.EB.15a Rammelsbergite NiAs2 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n n m
2.EB.15a Safflorite (Co,Ni,Fe)As2 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n n m
2.EB.15b Seinäjokite FeSb2 Orth.
2.EB.20 Arsenopyrite FeAsS Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
2.EB.20 Gudmundite FeSbS Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
2.EB.20 Osarsite (Os,Ru)AsS Mon.
2.EB.20 Ruarsite (Ru,Os)AsS Mon.
2.EB.25 va Antimony-bearing Gersdorffite Ni(As,Sb)S
2.EB.25 Cobaltite CoAsS Orth. m _m_2 : P c _a_21
2.EB.25 Gersdorffite NiAsS Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.25 Hollingworthite (Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.25 Irarsite (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.25 Jolliffeite NiAsSe Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.25 Krutovite NiAs2 Iso. 23 : _P_213
2.EB.25 Maslovite PtBiTe Iso. 23 : _P_213
2.EB.25 Michenerite PdBiTe Iso. 23 : _P_213
2.EB.25 Padmaite PdBiSe Iso. 432
2.EB.25 Platarsite Pt(As,S)2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.25 Testibiopalladite PdSbTe Iso.
2.EB.25 Tolovkite IrSbS Iso.
2.EB.25 Ullmannite NiSbS Iso. 23 : _P_213
2.EB.25 Willyamite CoSbS
2.EB.25 Changchengite IrBiS Iso. 23 : _P_213
2.EB.25 Mayingite IrBiTe Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.25 Kalungaite PdAsSe Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.25 Milotaite PdSbSe Iso. 23 : _P_213
2.EB.25 Paragersdorffite Ni(As,S)2 Iso. m_3(2/m_3) : P _a_3
2.EB.25 Orthogersdorffite NiAsS Orth. m _m_2 : P c _a_21
2.EB.25 Kvačekite NiSbSe Iso. 23 : _P_213
2.EB.30 Urvantsevite Pd(Bi,Pb)2 Tet. 4/m m m _(_4/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _I_4/m m m
2.EB.35 Rheniite ReS2 Tric. 1 : _P_1

Other InformationHide

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Notes:

Etch reactions:
HNO3, effervesces and etches rapidly brown to black.
FeCl, etches quickly light to dark brown, bringing out the texture.
HgCl2, slowly gives a brown to iridescent stain which does not rub off.
HCl, KCN, KOH, negative.
In air saturated with water vapour etching is already perceptible after four hours; in twelve hours the surface is deeply etched; after a week white and green bloom are formed. Pararammelsbergite appears to decompose more rapidly than rammelsbergite in moist air.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

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References for PararammelsbergiteHide

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Localities for PararammelsbergiteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Austria
Carinthia Sankt Veit an der Glan District Hüttenberg ⓘ Hüttenberger Erzberg Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Salzburg St. Johann im Pongau District Obertauern ⓘ Seekar Strasser (1989)
Styria Liezen District Schladming Giglach valley Knappen lakes ⓘ Vetternspitzen (Vetternspitze; Vötternspitze) Schachinger et al. (2017)
Obertalbach valley ⓘ Zinkwand (Neualpe) Strasser (1989) +1 other reference
Azerbaijan
Republic of Artsakh Shahumyan Region ⓘ Shorbulaksk Hg Deposit Anthony et al. (1990)
Bulgaria
Sofia Province Etropole Municipality ⓘ Elatsite Mine ? Georgiev (2008)
Canada
Northwest Territories ⓘ Camsell River area Anthony et al. (1990)
North Slave Region Great Bear Lake ⓘ Terra mine ntgomap.nwtgeoscience.ca (2015)
Ontario Timiskaming District Cobalt-Gowganda region ⓘ Cobalt area 159-161. +1 other reference
Coleman Township ⓘ Hudson Bay Mine (TL) PEACOCK (1939) +2 other references
ⓘ Lawson Mine R.Mielke 2009
ⓘ Mensilvo Mine (Silver Bar Mine) Traill (1983)
ⓘ Nipissing 404 the Canadian Mineralogist V 11 Part 1 ...
ⓘ Peterson Lake Mine Reiner Mielke
ⓘ Silverfields mine (Alexandra mine) Richard Gunter +2 other references
Elk Lake area James Township ⓘ Moose Horn Mine (TL) PEACOCK et al. (1940) +2 other references
Gowganda area Leith Township ⓘ Rusty Lake Mine (Rustex Mine; Hudson Bay Mine) Can Mineral December 1971 v. 11 no. 1 ...
South Lorrain Township ⓘ Bellellen Mine Reiner Mielke
ⓘ Curry Mine Reiner Mielke 2014
ⓘ Keeley-Frontier Mine (TL) PEACOCK (1939) +2 other references
Québec Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine La Haute-Gaspésie RCM Mont-Albert ⓘ Madeleine mine Girard (1971)
Saskatchewan Athabasca Basin ⓘ McLean Lake deposit Canadian Mineralogist Vol.26 (1988)
ⓘ Beaverlodge Lake area Rich et al. (1977)
China
Shanxi Yuncheng Yuanqu Co. Zhongtiaoshan ore field ⓘ Bizigou Cu deposit (Bizhigou Cu deposit) Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006)
ⓘ Hujiayu Cu deposit Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006)
Czech Republic
Hradec Králové Region Trutnov District ⓘ Černý Důl Anthony et al. (1990)
Karlovy Vary Region Karlovy Vary District ⓘ Jáchymov Lapis 2002 (7/8)
France
Grand Est Haut-Rhin Colmar-Ribeauvillé Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines ⓘ Neuenberg P&T N°23-24 et al. (Haut-Rhin)
Sankt Jakob vein ⓘ Sankt Jakob Mine Wittern
Occitanie Aveyron Rodez Pruines Le Kaymar ⓘ La Boule Lheur (2023)
Villefranche-de-Rouergue Villefranche-de-Rouergue ⓘ La Baume Inventaire Mineralogique de la France ...
Hautes-Pyrénées ⓘ Aure Valley De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002)
Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Rottweil Schenkenzell Wittichen Böckelsbach valley ⓘ Sophia Mine ? Walenta (1992)
Hesse Darmstadt Main-Kinzig-Kreis Biebergemünd Bieber ⓘ "Im Lochborn" Copper mine Wagner et al. (2002)
Kassel Region Hersfeld-Rotenburg Nentershausen Süß Richelsdorf Smelter ⓘ Ore dumps Weiß (1990)
Lower Saxony Goslar District Harz (Landkreis Goslar) ⓘ Heimberg quarry
Rhineland-Palatinate Donnersbergkreis Nordpfälzer Land Niedermoschel ⓘ Seelberg Mine Krupp (1989)
Obermoschel ⓘ Landsberg Krupp (1989)
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis Marienberg Lauta ⓘ Vater Abraham Mine Hajek (2010)
ⓘ Marienberg mining district Wittern (2001)
ⓘ Schneeberg
Iran
Isfahan Province Nain County Anarak District ⓘ Meskani Mine (Meshkani Mine) Anthony et al. (1990)
ⓘ Talmessi Mine Anthony et al. (1990)
Ireland
Munster Tipperary County Moyne ⓘ Lisheen mine Yesares +8 other references
Japan
Hokkaidō Prefecture Hiyama Subprefecture Hiyama District Kaminokuni ⓘ Johkoku mine (Jôkoku mine; Jokoku mine) Ishiyama (1982)
Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region ⓘ Bou Azzer mining district Econ Geol (1997) +1 other reference
Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Kamienna Góra County Gmina Kamienna Góra Rędziny ⓘ Dolomitic marble quarry Pieczka et al. (2009)
ⓘ Lubin–Głogów mining district Piestrzyński et al. (2012)
Russia
Adygea (Republic of Adygea) Maykopsky District ⓘ Belorechenskoye deposit Pekov I.V. et al. (2010)
Slovakia
Košice Region Rožňava District ⓘ Dobšiná Koděra (1986)
Dobšiná mining district Martini vein system ⓘ Dedičná adit Halahyjová-Andrusovová G. et al. (in Slovak)
Trenčín Region Bánovce nad Bebravou District Čierna Lehota ⓘ Ni-Bi-As occurrence Mikuš T. et al. (Western Carpathians) +3 other references
Spain
Aragon Huesca Castejón de Sos ⓘ Crescencia Mine (Pico Gallinero Mine) Fanlo et al. (2006) +1 other reference
San Juan de Plan ⓘ San Carlos mine Calvo (2008)
Catalonia Tarragona Baix Camp L'Argentera ⓘ José Domingo Mine Joan Abella i Creus (Joanabellacreus@gmail.com)
Sweden
Västerbotten County Malå ⓘ Lainijaur Mine (Lainejaur) Dr. Günter Grundmann collection
Switzerland
Valais Sierre Anniviers Ayer ⓘ Gollyre Mine Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference
ⓘ Grand-Praz Mine Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference
UK
England Devon East Devon Budleigh Salterton ⓘ Littleham Bay Technical Report TR-02-09 (March 2002)
USA
Arizona ⓘ Coconino County Wenrich (1988) +1 other reference
Orphan Mining District Grand Canyon Village ⓘ Orphan Mine (Orphan lode) Gornitz (2004)
Colorado Clear Creek County Central City Mining District Lower Almaden Mine ⓘ Blazing Star tunnel ? Eckel et al. (1997)
Fall River ⓘ Almaden Mine ? Sims (1963)
Jefferson County Ralston Buttes Mining District ⓘ Mena Mine (Hoffmeister Homestead Prospect; Black Judge Shaft) Eckel et al. (1997)
Michigan Keweenaw County Allouez Township Mohawk ⓘ Mohawk Mine Wilson et al. (1992)
New Jersey Sussex County Franklin Franklin Mine ⓘ Trotter Mine Oen et al. (1984) +1 other reference