Edward Vernon (original) (raw)
Edward Vernon (12. listopadu 1684, Londýn, Anglie – 30. října 1757, Orwell Park, Anglie) byl britský admirál, úspěšný námořní vojevůdce dynastických a koloniálních válek 18. století. Byl též dlouholetým aktivním poslancem Dolní sněmovny, hodnosti admirála dosáhl v roce 1745. Proslul především svým nařízením ředit rum pro námořníky vodou (1740), čímž dal vzniknout nápoji dodnes známému jako grog. Jeho jméno nese několik lokalit v britských koloniích, nejznámější z nich je Mount Vernon, sídlo prvního amerického prezidenta Georga Washingtona.
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| dbo:abstract | Edward Vernon (12. listopadu 1684, Londýn, Anglie – 30. října 1757, Orwell Park, Anglie) byl britský admirál, úspěšný námořní vojevůdce dynastických a koloniálních válek 18. století. Byl též dlouholetým aktivním poslancem Dolní sněmovny, hodnosti admirála dosáhl v roce 1745. Proslul především svým nařízením ředit rum pro námořníky vodou (1740), čímž dal vzniknout nápoji dodnes známému jako grog. Jeho jméno nese několik lokalit v britských koloniích, nejznámější z nich je Mount Vernon, sídlo prvního amerického prezidenta Georga Washingtona. (cs) Ο Ναύαρχος Έντουαρντ Βέρνον (12 Νοεμβρίου 1684 - 30 Οκτωβρίου 1757) ήταν βρετανός ναυτικός αξιωματικός. Είχε μια μακρά και ξεχωριστή καριέρα, ανερχόμενη στην τάξη ναυάρχου μετά από 39 χρόνια υπηρεσίας. Ως αντιναύαρχος κατά τη διάρκεια του πολέμου του αυτιού του Τζένκινς, το 1739 ήταν υπεύθυνος για τη κατάληψη του Πόρτο Μπέλο. Ωστόσο, η αργότερα αμφίβια λειτουργία του ενάντια στην Καρθαγένα της Ινδιάδας υπέστη σοβαρή ήττα. Ο Βερνόν επίσης υπηρέτησε τρεις φορές ως βουλευτής και μίλησε για τα ναυτικά θέματα στο Κοινοβούλιο, κάνοντάς τον αμφιλεγόμενο. (el) Edward Vernon (* 12. November 1684 bei Westminster; † 30. Oktober 1757 in , Suffolk) war Vizeadmiral der Royal Navy und Mitglied des Britischen Parlaments. (de) Admiral Edward Vernon (12 November 1684 – 30 October 1757) was an English naval officer. He had a long and distinguished career, rising to the rank of admiral after 46 years service. As a vice admiral during the War of Jenkins' Ear, in 1739 he was responsible for the capture of Porto Bello, seen as expunging the failure of Admiral Hosier there in a previous conflict. However, his amphibious operation against the Spanish port of Cartagena de Indias was a disastrous defeat. Vernon also served as a Member of Parliament (MP) on three occasions and was outspoken on naval matters in Parliament, making him a controversial figure. The origin of the name "grog" for rum diluted with water is attributed to Vernon. He was known for wearing coats made of grogram cloth, earning him the nickname of "Old Grog", which in turn came to mean the diluted rum that he first introduced into his naval squadron. He is also the eponym of George Washington's estate Mount Vernon, and thereby the many places in the United States named after it. (en) Edward Vernon (Westminster, Londres, 12 de noviembre de 1684 – Nacton, Suffolk, 30 de octubre de 1757) fue un oficial naval inglés. En vida fue apodado Old Grog debido a su chaqueta grogram (hecha de seda mezclada con lana y goma). (es) Edward Vernon, surnommé « Old Grog », né le 12 novembre 1684 à Westminster et mort le 30 octobre 1757 à Nacton (Suffolk), est un officier de marine britannique de la Royal Navy. Il doit son surnom à son vêtement de grogram (mélange de laine et de soie). Admiral of the fleet, il devint célèbre au royaume de Grande-Bretagne pour la prise, le 21 novembre 1739 de la forteresse espagnole de Portobelo, au Panama. (fr) Edward Vernon (Old Grog) (1684–1757) – oficer Marynarki Brytyjskiej, przezwisko pochodziło od noszonego przez niego płaszcza z grogramu. Komodor i admirał, w Anglii uznawany za bohatera dzięki zajęciu hiszpańskiej fortecy Porto Bello w Panamie na początku „wojny o ucho Jenkinsa” w listopadzie 1739. W czasie hiszpańskiej wojny sukcesyjnej walczył w bitwach pod Malagą w 1704 i pod Barceloną w 1705. Vernon był komodorem Port Royal na Jamajce w 1720 i dowódcą wszystkich okrętów Royal Navy w Indiach Zachodnich w latach 1739–1742. W wojnie o ucho Jenkinsa w 1739 dowodził flotą, która zajęła hiszpańską posiadłość kolonialną Porto Bello (dzisiejsza Panama), i bezskutecznie atakowała Cartagenę de Indias w Nowej Granadzie (dzisiejsza Kolumbia). Dzielnice Portobello w Londynie i Dublinie noszą nazwę na cześć zwycięstwa Vernona. Vernon zajął również na krótko zatokę Guantánamo na Kubie w 1741, zmieniając jej nazwę na Zatoka Cumberlanda. Po wylądowaniu w sile ośmiu okrętów i 4000 żołnierzy z planem marszu na Santiago de Cuba został powstrzymany i zmuszony do odwrotu przez lokalne siły partyzanckie. Reputacja Vernona ucierpiała jednak bardzo na skutek głośnej porażki jego sił inwazyjnych, liczących 23 600 ludzi i 186 statków, zadanej przez hiszpańskich obrońców w sile zaledwie 3000 ludzi i 6 okrętów pod dowództwem w 1741 pod Cartagena de Indias. Przyrodni brat George'a Washingtona, Lawrence, służył na okręcie flagowym Vernona jako kapitan piechoty morskiej w 1741 i później swą posiadłość Mount Vernon (później objętą przez George'a) nazwał na cześć swego dowódcy. Mimo otaczającej go aury bohatera, trudny charakter powodujący liczne konflikty z gubernatorami Jamajki i przełożonymi doprowadził w końcu do odwołania Vernona z Royal Navy w 1746. Czynem, który zapewnił Vernonowi sławę, był rozkaz z 1740, by rum wydzielany marynarzom rozcieńczać wodą. Wkrótce stało się to obowiązującym zwyczajem na wszystkich okrętach Royal Navy, a marynarze nazwali nowy napój grogiem na cześć przezwiska Vernona. (pl) Edward Vernon (Città di Westminster, 12 novembre 1684 – , 30 ottobre 1757) è stato un ammiraglio e deputato inglese. Edward era il secondo figlio dell'editore del London Gazette, (1646 – 1727), e della di lui consorte Mary Bruck († 1715). Il padre era stato prima Segretario privato di Giacomo Scott, 1º duca di Monmouth, e dopo la Gloriosa rivoluzione era divenuto Segretario di Stato (1697–1702). (it) Edward Vernon (Cidade de Westminster, 18 de novembro de 1684 — Suffolk, 30 de outubro de 1757) foi um oficial naval inglês. Em vida, foi apelidado Old Grog devido a sua jaqueta grogram (feita de seda mesclada com lã e goma). Suas primeiras ações de importância aconteceram no marco da Guerra da Sucessão Espanhola, onde participou nas batalhas de (1704) e (1705). Em 1720 foi nomeado Comodoro de Port Royal (Jamaica). Durante a Guerra da orelha de Jenkins, comandou uma das maiores frotas marítimas da história, mas sofreu um duro revés. (pt) Edward Vernon ("Old Grog"), född 12 november 1684, död 30 oktober 1757, var en brittisk sjöofficer. Vernon föddes i Westminster, London som den andre sonen till , statssekreterare åt Vilhelm III av England. Efter att ha slutfört sina studier vid Westminster School gick Vernon med i Royal Navy som frivillig på skeppet . (sv) Эдвард Вернон (англ. Edward Vernon; 12 ноября 1684 — 30 октября 1757) — британский адмирал, командовавший флотом во время неудачной войны с испанцами (1739—1742). Вернон активно участвовал в парламентской жизни Англии с 1722 года до самой смерти. Он был одним из тех парламентариев, которые — вопреки миролюбивым устремлениям правительства Уолпола — раздули эпизод с ухом Дженкинса в casus belli. После объявления войны он лично устремился в Вест-Индию и захватил Портобело на панамском побережье. В 1741 году Вернон на 186 кораблях с 27 000 моряков осадил Картахену на южноамериканском побережье. Эта масштабная высадка (самая крупная за весь XVIII век) потерпела поражение: англичане были разбиты испанским гарнизоном под командованием «получеловека» — одноглазого, однорукого и хромого Бласа де Лесо. Весть о поражении вынудила Уолпола уйти в отставку. Вернон был прозван моряками «старым Грогом» за то, что неизменно носил фаевый камзол (англ. grogram). Во избежание пьянства на кораблях он приказал разбавлять ром водой с лимонным соком (как потом выяснилось, предотвращавшим также заболевание цингой). Так родился новый напиток, названный в честь адмирала грогом. Служивший под началом Вернона Лоуренс Вашингтон, брат Джорджа Вашингтона, назвал его именем семейное поместье Маунт-Вернон. (ru) 爱德华·弗农（Edward Vernon 1684年11月12日－1757年10月30日）是一名英格兰海军军官，官至海军上将，参与过西班牙王位继承战争和詹金斯的耳朵战争，此外也当过彭林和伊普斯威奇议员。 可能是他把格罗格酒引入了皇家海军中，他的昵称就是“老格罗格”（Old Grog），这则是因为他喜欢穿格罗格兰姆呢的衣服。乔治·华盛顿的弗农山庄是以他的名字命名的。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Edward Vernon (12. listopadu 1684, Londýn, Anglie – 30. října 1757, Orwell Park, Anglie) byl britský admirál, úspěšný námořní vojevůdce dynastických a koloniálních válek 18. století. Byl též dlouholetým aktivním poslancem Dolní sněmovny, hodnosti admirála dosáhl v roce 1745. Proslul především svým nařízením ředit rum pro námořníky vodou (1740), čímž dal vzniknout nápoji dodnes známému jako grog. Jeho jméno nese několik lokalit v britských koloniích, nejznámější z nich je Mount Vernon, sídlo prvního amerického prezidenta Georga Washingtona. (cs) Ο Ναύαρχος Έντουαρντ Βέρνον (12 Νοεμβρίου 1684 - 30 Οκτωβρίου 1757) ήταν βρετανός ναυτικός αξιωματικός. Είχε μια μακρά και ξεχωριστή καριέρα, ανερχόμενη στην τάξη ναυάρχου μετά από 39 χρόνια υπηρεσίας. Ως αντιναύαρχος κατά τη διάρκεια του πολέμου του αυτιού του Τζένκινς, το 1739 ήταν υπεύθυνος για τη κατάληψη του Πόρτο Μπέλο. Ωστόσο, η αργότερα αμφίβια λειτουργία του ενάντια στην Καρθαγένα της Ινδιάδας υπέστη σοβαρή ήττα. Ο Βερνόν επίσης υπηρέτησε τρεις φορές ως βουλευτής και μίλησε για τα ναυτικά θέματα στο Κοινοβούλιο, κάνοντάς τον αμφιλεγόμενο. (el) Edward Vernon (* 12. November 1684 bei Westminster; † 30. Oktober 1757 in , Suffolk) war Vizeadmiral der Royal Navy und Mitglied des Britischen Parlaments. (de) Edward Vernon (Westminster, Londres, 12 de noviembre de 1684 – Nacton, Suffolk, 30 de octubre de 1757) fue un oficial naval inglés. En vida fue apodado Old Grog debido a su chaqueta grogram (hecha de seda mezclada con lana y goma). (es) Edward Vernon, surnommé « Old Grog », né le 12 novembre 1684 à Westminster et mort le 30 octobre 1757 à Nacton (Suffolk), est un officier de marine britannique de la Royal Navy. Il doit son surnom à son vêtement de grogram (mélange de laine et de soie). Admiral of the fleet, il devint célèbre au royaume de Grande-Bretagne pour la prise, le 21 novembre 1739 de la forteresse espagnole de Portobelo, au Panama. (fr) Edward Vernon (Città di Westminster, 12 novembre 1684 – , 30 ottobre 1757) è stato un ammiraglio e deputato inglese. Edward era il secondo figlio dell'editore del London Gazette, (1646 – 1727), e della di lui consorte Mary Bruck († 1715). Il padre era stato prima Segretario privato di Giacomo Scott, 1º duca di Monmouth, e dopo la Gloriosa rivoluzione era divenuto Segretario di Stato (1697–1702). (it) Edward Vernon (Cidade de Westminster, 18 de novembro de 1684 — Suffolk, 30 de outubro de 1757) foi um oficial naval inglês. Em vida, foi apelidado Old Grog devido a sua jaqueta grogram (feita de seda mesclada com lã e goma). Suas primeiras ações de importância aconteceram no marco da Guerra da Sucessão Espanhola, onde participou nas batalhas de (1704) e (1705). Em 1720 foi nomeado Comodoro de Port Royal (Jamaica). Durante a Guerra da orelha de Jenkins, comandou uma das maiores frotas marítimas da história, mas sofreu um duro revés. (pt) Edward Vernon ("Old Grog"), född 12 november 1684, död 30 oktober 1757, var en brittisk sjöofficer. Vernon föddes i Westminster, London som den andre sonen till , statssekreterare åt Vilhelm III av England. Efter att ha slutfört sina studier vid Westminster School gick Vernon med i Royal Navy som frivillig på skeppet . (sv) 爱德华·弗农（Edward Vernon 1684年11月12日－1757年10月30日）是一名英格兰海军军官，官至海军上将，参与过西班牙王位继承战争和詹金斯的耳朵战争，此外也当过彭林和伊普斯威奇议员。 可能是他把格罗格酒引入了皇家海军中，他的昵称就是“老格罗格”（Old Grog），这则是因为他喜欢穿格罗格兰姆呢的衣服。乔治·华盛顿的弗农山庄是以他的名字命名的。 (zh) Admiral Edward Vernon (12 November 1684 – 30 October 1757) was an English naval officer. He had a long and distinguished career, rising to the rank of admiral after 46 years service. As a vice admiral during the War of Jenkins' Ear, in 1739 he was responsible for the capture of Porto Bello, seen as expunging the failure of Admiral Hosier there in a previous conflict. However, his amphibious operation against the Spanish port of Cartagena de Indias was a disastrous defeat. Vernon also served as a Member of Parliament (MP) on three occasions and was outspoken on naval matters in Parliament, making him a controversial figure. (en) Edward Vernon (Old Grog) (1684–1757) – oficer Marynarki Brytyjskiej, przezwisko pochodziło od noszonego przez niego płaszcza z grogramu. Komodor i admirał, w Anglii uznawany za bohatera dzięki zajęciu hiszpańskiej fortecy Porto Bello w Panamie na początku „wojny o ucho Jenkinsa” w listopadzie 1739. W czasie hiszpańskiej wojny sukcesyjnej walczył w bitwach pod Malagą w 1704 i pod Barceloną w 1705. Vernon był komodorem Port Royal na Jamajce w 1720 i dowódcą wszystkich okrętów Royal Navy w Indiach Zachodnich w latach 1739–1742. (pl) Эдвард Вернон (англ. Edward Vernon; 12 ноября 1684 — 30 октября 1757) — британский адмирал, командовавший флотом во время неудачной войны с испанцами (1739—1742). Вернон активно участвовал в парламентской жизни Англии с 1722 года до самой смерти. Он был одним из тех парламентариев, которые — вопреки миролюбивым устремлениям правительства Уолпола — раздули эпизод с ухом Дженкинса в casus belli. После объявления войны он лично устремился в Вест-Индию и захватил Портобело на панамском побережье. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Edward Vernon (en) Edward Vernon (cs) Edward Vernon (de) Έντουαρντ Βέρνον (el) Edward Vernon (es) Edward Vernon (fr) Edward Vernon (it) Edward Vernon (pl) Edward Vernon (pt) Edward Vernon (sv) Вернон, Эдвард (ru) 愛德華·弗農 (zh) |
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