| dbo:abstract |
الحرب الإنجليزية الأفغانية الثالثة (بالإنجليزية: Third Anglo-Afghan War) (بالفارسية: جنگ سوم افغان-انگلیس) والمعروفة أيضاً بالحرب الأفغانية الثالثة، والحرب البريطانية الأفغانية لعام 1919 وتُعرف في أفغانستان باسم حرب الاستقلال. بدأت في 6 مايو 1919 عندما اجتاحت إمارة أفغانستان الهند البريطانية وانتهت بالهدنة في 8 أغسطس 1919. وقد أدت الحرب إلى استعادة الأفغان السيطرة على الشؤون الخارجية من بريطانيا، واعتراف البريطانيين بأفغانستان كدولة مستقلة. ووفقا للمؤلف البريطاني مايكل بارثورب، فقد اعتُبرت أيضًا انتصارًا استراتيجيًا ثانويًا للبريطانيين نتيجة أن خط ديورند قد أُعيد تأكيده كحدود سياسية بين أفغانستان والراج البريطاني، ووافق الأفغان على عدم إثارة المتاعب على الجانب البريطاني. (ar) La Tercera guerra anglo-afganesa (1919) fou un conflicte armat entre Afganistan i el Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda que va durar un mes del 4 de maig de 1919 al 3 de juny de 1919. Quan Amanullah va pujar al tron (25 de febrer de 1919) en ser assassinat Habibullah i després de cinc dies de regnat de , va decidir combatre els britànics i la seva hegemonia sobre el país. Va proclamar la independència plena i va exigir un nou acord amb els britànics per acabar amb el virtual protectorat existent fins aleshores; va enviar les seves tropes a la frontera. El dia 4 de maig van començar les hostilitats amb un atac afganès a Landi Kotal i el tancament del pas de Khyber pels britànics. Els xocs van seguir durant la resta del mes. El 24 de maig Amanullah va respondre positivament a les peticions britànics d'alto el foc que fou declarat el 2 de juny. Finalment la pau es va establir al tractat de Rawalpindi de 8 d'agost de 1919 que establia virtualment la independència, confirmat pels tractats de Mussoorie de 18 de juliol de 1920 i el definitiu signat a Kabul el 2 de desembre de 1921. (ca) La Tria Angl-Afgana Milito (en paŝtoa: د افغان-انګرېز درېمه جګړه), aludita ankaŭ kiel la Tria Afgana Milito, ekis la 6an de majo 1919 kaj finis per armistico la 8an de aŭgusto 1919. Laŭ la brita aŭtoro Michael Barthorp, ĝi estis minora taktika venko por la Britoj ĉar la Linio Durand estis refiksita kiel la politika limo inter la Emirlando Afganio kaj la Brita Hindio kaj la Afganoj interkonsentis ne pliigi problemon al la brita flanko. La Afganoj kapablis pluigi la rajton regi siajn proprajn eksterlandajn aferojn kiel tute sendependa ŝtato. (eo) Der Dritte Anglo-Afghanische Krieg (englisch Third (Anglo-)Afghan War) von 1919 war eine von drei militärischen Auseinandersetzungen des Britischen Empire mit Afghanistan zwischen 1839 und 1919, den Anglo-Afghanischen Kriegen. Er begann am 6. Mai 1919 und endete mit einem Waffenstillstand am 8. August 1919. Die Briten wurden von tadschikischen Kriegern unterstützt und kämpften gegen paschtunische Krieger und Hazara. Sultan Amanullah Khan konnte zunächst Erfolge gegen die Briten verzeichnen. Im Gegenzug bombardierte eine Handley Page H.P.15 am 24. Mai 1919 den Königspalast in Kabul, was weniger einen militärischen als einen psychologischen Erfolg bedeutete. Der Friede von Rawalpindi vom 8. August 1919 stellte die provisorische Anerkennung Afghanistans als souveränen und unabhängigen Staat durch Großbritannien fest. (de) La Tercera Guerra Anglo-Afgana (pastún: د افغان-انګلیس دریمه جګړه), también conocida como la Tercera Guerra Afgana, comenzó el 6 de mayo de 1919 y finalizó con un armisticio el 8 de agosto de ese mismo año. Según el autor británico , fue una victoria táctica de menor importancia para el Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda debido a que la Línea Durand se reafirmó como la frontera entre el Emirato de Afganistán y la India británica y los afganos acordaron no crear problemas en el lado británico. Los afganos consiguieron recuperar el derecho a realizar su propia política exterior como estado totalmente independiente. (es) La troisième guerre anglo-afghane opposa le Royaume-Uni à l'Afghanistan entre le 6 mai et le 8 août 1919. À suite de ce conflit, l'Afghanistan récupère son indépendance en reprenant le contrôle de sa politique étrangère avec le traité de Rawalpindi, domaine qu'il avait perdu à l'issue de la deuxième guerre anglo-afghane (1878-1880). Rétrospectivement, ce conflit est perçu par les historiens comme l'un des prémices de la vague de décolonisation qui déferlera sur le monde, surtout à partir de la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. (fr) Perang Inggris-Afghanistan Ketiga (Persia: جنگ سوم افغان-انگلیس) juga dikenal sebagai Perang Afghanistan Ketiga, Perang Britania-Afghanistan tahun 1919 dan di Afghanistan dikenal juga sebagai Perang Kemerdekaan, dimulai pada 6 Mei 1919 ketika Keamiran Afghanistan menginvasi India Britania dan berakhir dengan gencatan senjata pada tanggal 8 Agustus 1919. Perang ini mengakibatkan Afghanistan memenangkan kembali kendali atas urusan luar negeri dari Inggris, dan Inggris mengakui Afghanistan sebagai negara merdeka. Menurut penulis Inggris Michael Barthorp, itu juga merupakan kemenangan strategis kecil bagi Inggris karena Garis Durand ditegaskan kembali sebagai batas politik antara Afghanistan dan Kemaharajaan Britania, dan rakyat Afghanistan sepakat untuk tidak menimbulkan masalah di pihak Inggris. (in) The Third Anglo-Afghan War began on 6 May 1919 when the Emirate of Afghanistan invaded British India and ended with an armistice on 8 August 1919. The Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 resulted in the Afghans gaining control of foreign affairs from Britain and the British recognizing the Durand Line as the border between Afghanistan and British India. According to British author Michael Barthorp, it was a strategic victory for the British because the Durand Line was reaffirmed as the border between Afghanistan and the British Raj, and the Afghans agreed not to foment trouble on the British side. However, Afghans who were on the British side of the border did cause concerns due to revolts. (en) 제3차 영국-아프가니스탄 전쟁 (파슈토어: د افغان-انګرېز درېمه جګړه)은 1919년 5월 6일에 시작하여 1919년 8월 8일 아프가니스탄의 승리로 종료되어 휴전되었고 아프가니스탄의 완전한 독립을 얻어내었다. 영국인 작가 마이클 바톱에 따르면, 아프가니스탄의 승리는 듀랜드 라인이 아프가니스탄과 영국령 인도 사이의 정치적인 경계선으로 재인정받고 아프간 세력이 영국 진영에 문제를 조성하지 않을 것이라는 동의를 받아낸 영국의 전략적인 승리였다고 한다. 아프가니스탄은 완전한 독립 국가로서 그들만의 외교 관계를 맺을 권리를 다시 얻어냈다. (ko) Nel 1919 si svolse la terza guerra anglo-afghana nella quale, a differenza delle precedenti due, fu l'Afghanistan ad attaccare le truppe britanniche in India. Al termine di questo breve conflitto l'Inghilterra rinunciò ai suoi interessi in Afghanistan, che divenne uno stato indipendente. (it) De Derde Brits-Afghaanse Oorlog was een oorlog tussen het Britse Rijk en Afghanistan die begon op 6 mei 1919 en eindigde met een wapenstilstand op 8 augustus 1919. (nl) Третья Англо-афганская война 1919 года (англ. Third Anglo-Afghan War, пуш.: د افغان-انګرېز درېمه جګړه) — вооружённая борьба Афганистана против Британской индийской армии в защиту провозглашённой независимости страны от иностранного вмешательства. Попытка Великобритании силой подчинить себе Афганистан окончилась неудачей. 21 февраля 1919 года на эмирский престол в Афганистане взошёл Аманулла-хан. Поддерживаемый армией и радикальной партией «младоафганцев», он объявил о ликвидации политической зависимости страны от Великобритании. 3 мая англо-индийская армия вторглась в страну на Хайберском, Вазиристанском и Кандагарском направлении, в ответ Аманулла-хан объявил им джихад. Но 50-тысячная афганская армия не смогла остановить их наступление и уже 5 мая была разгромлена. Только на следующий день в Кабуле получили ноту Великобритании с официальным объявлением войны. Английские самолёты нанесли бомбовые удары по Джелалабаду и Кабулу. Пограничные афганские племена подняли восстания против англичан, и в это же время в Индии усилилось национально-освободительное движение. 3 июня было заключено перемирие между английскими и афганскими войсками. 8 августа 1919 года в Равалпинди (Британская Индия) был подписан предварительный мирный договор Великобритании с Афганистаном, по которому последнему давалась независимость во внешней политике. (ru) Tredje anglo-afghanska kriget var en väpnad konflikt som utkämpades 6 maj-8 augusti 1919. Det slutade med en mindre taktisk seger för britterna. Durandlinjen bekräftades återigen som politisk gräns mellan Emiratet Afghanistan och Brittiska Indien, medan afghanerna lovade att inte orsaka mer oroligheter på brittiska territorier. Britternas beskydd över Afghanistan upphörde också, och Afghanistan blev oberoende. (sv) A Terceira Guerra Anglo-Afegã (também referida apenas como a Terceira Guerra Afegã) começou no dia 6 de Maio 1919 e terminou com um armistício em 8 de Agosto de 1919. Durante os dez anos de reinado de Amanullah Khan iniciou-se um período de mudança dramática no Afeganistão, tanto na política externa como na interna. Amanullah declarou a independência total e provocou a Terceira Guerra Anglo-Afegã. Alterou a sua política externa em novas relações com as potências estrangeiras e transformou a sua política interna com reformas sociais, políticas e econômicas. Embora o seu reinado tenha terminado abruptamente, ele conseguiu alguns êxitos notáveis, seus esforços fracassaram, tanto devido às forças tribais do Afeganistão e as maquinações da Rússia Czarista e da Grã-Bretanha como as políticas insensatas de sua parte. Com o objetivo de modernizar o seu país e torna-lo livre da dominação estrangeira, Amanullah, tentou fortalecer sua base de poder e desviar a atenção das divisões internas do Afeganistão, e assim unir todas as facções sob seu comando, atacando os ingleses. Utilizando o conflito civil no Raj Britânico (uma série de distúrbios civis e políticos) como uma desculpa para deslocar tropas para a Linha Durand, soldados afegãos cruzaram a fronteira ocidental no final de em 3 de Maio de 1919 e ocuparam a cidade de Bagh. Em resposta, o governo anglo-indiano ordenou uma plena mobilização e no dia 6 de Maio 1919 declarou guerra. Embora seja essencialmente uma pequena vitória tática para os britânicos, tanto como que eles foram capazes de repelir as forças regulares afegãs; em muitos aspectos, foi uma vitória estratégica para os afegãos. Para os britânicos, a Linha Durand foi reafirmada como fronteira política entre o Afeganistão e a Índia britânica, e os afegãos concordaram em não fomentar problemas no lado britânico. Os afegãos finalmente ganharam o direito de realizar os seus próprios assuntos estrangeiros como um Estado totalmente independente. (pt) Третя англо-афганська війна 1919 року — збройна боротьба Емірату Афганістан проти Британської індійської армії на захист проголошеної незалежності країни від іноземного втручання. Спроба Великої Британії силою підкорити собі Афганістан завершилась невдачею. (uk) 第三次英国－阿富汗战争（简称第三次英阿战争），始于1919年5月6日，终于同年8月8日。英国在战术上取得胜利。战后，重新确立了杜兰线作为阿富汗酋长国与英属印度之间的疆界。之后不久，阿富汗获得独立主权。 (zh) |
| dbo:causalties |
1,000 to 1,200 killed. Estimated 3,000 wounded. |
| dbo:combatant |
United Kingdom *British Raj |
| dbo:commander |
dbr:Reginald_Dyer dbr:Mohammed_Nadir_Shah dbr:Amanullah_Khan dbr:Arthur_Barrett_(Indian_Army_officer) dbr:Alexander_Eustace |
| dbo:date |
1919-08-08 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict |
dbr:Interwar_period |
| dbo:place |
dbr:Afghanistan dbr:North-West_Frontier_Province |
| dbo:result |
See [[#Outcome |
| dbo:strength |
8 divisions 5 independent brigades 3 cavalry brigades, plus a number of modern aircraft, armoured cars and artillery 50,000 man standing army supported by up to 80,000 tribesmen |
| dbo:thumbnail |
wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Soldiers_in_action_at..._Third_Anglo-Afghan_War.jpg?width=300 |
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http://www.regiments.org https://archive.org/details/butcherbolt0000loyn http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/casualties.htm https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=A4_jAAAAMAAJ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=FBsECgAAQBAJ&pg=PR18 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=XxwIDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA47 |
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| dbp:caption |
Soldiers in action at Kohat during the Third Anglo-Afghan War (en) |
| dbp:casualties |
236 (xsd:integer) 1000 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:combatant |
United Kingdom * British Raj (en) |
| dbp:commander |
Amanullah Khan (en) (en) Sir Arthur Barrett (en) Nadir Khan (en) Reginald Dyer (en) Alexander Eustace (en) |
| dbp:conflict |
Third Anglo-Afghan War (en) |
| dbp:date |
0001-05-06 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
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the Interwar period (en) |
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North-West Frontier of the British India and Afghanistan (en) |
| dbp:result |
See [[#Outcome (en) |
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الحرب الإنجليزية الأفغانية الثالثة (بالإنجليزية: Third Anglo-Afghan War) (بالفارسية: جنگ سوم افغان-انگلیس) والمعروفة أيضاً بالحرب الأفغانية الثالثة، والحرب البريطانية الأفغانية لعام 1919 وتُعرف في أفغانستان باسم حرب الاستقلال. بدأت في 6 مايو 1919 عندما اجتاحت إمارة أفغانستان الهند البريطانية وانتهت بالهدنة في 8 أغسطس 1919. وقد أدت الحرب إلى استعادة الأفغان السيطرة على الشؤون الخارجية من بريطانيا، واعتراف البريطانيين بأفغانستان كدولة مستقلة. ووفقا للمؤلف البريطاني مايكل بارثورب، فقد اعتُبرت أيضًا انتصارًا استراتيجيًا ثانويًا للبريطانيين نتيجة أن خط ديورند قد أُعيد تأكيده كحدود سياسية بين أفغانستان والراج البريطاني، ووافق الأفغان على عدم إثارة المتاعب على الجانب البريطاني. (ar) La Tria Angl-Afgana Milito (en paŝtoa: د افغان-انګرېز درېمه جګړه), aludita ankaŭ kiel la Tria Afgana Milito, ekis la 6an de majo 1919 kaj finis per armistico la 8an de aŭgusto 1919. Laŭ la brita aŭtoro Michael Barthorp, ĝi estis minora taktika venko por la Britoj ĉar la Linio Durand estis refiksita kiel la politika limo inter la Emirlando Afganio kaj la Brita Hindio kaj la Afganoj interkonsentis ne pliigi problemon al la brita flanko. La Afganoj kapablis pluigi la rajton regi siajn proprajn eksterlandajn aferojn kiel tute sendependa ŝtato. (eo) La troisième guerre anglo-afghane opposa le Royaume-Uni à l'Afghanistan entre le 6 mai et le 8 août 1919. À suite de ce conflit, l'Afghanistan récupère son indépendance en reprenant le contrôle de sa politique étrangère avec le traité de Rawalpindi, domaine qu'il avait perdu à l'issue de la deuxième guerre anglo-afghane (1878-1880). Rétrospectivement, ce conflit est perçu par les historiens comme l'un des prémices de la vague de décolonisation qui déferlera sur le monde, surtout à partir de la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. (fr) The Third Anglo-Afghan War began on 6 May 1919 when the Emirate of Afghanistan invaded British India and ended with an armistice on 8 August 1919. The Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 resulted in the Afghans gaining control of foreign affairs from Britain and the British recognizing the Durand Line as the border between Afghanistan and British India. According to British author Michael Barthorp, it was a strategic victory for the British because the Durand Line was reaffirmed as the border between Afghanistan and the British Raj, and the Afghans agreed not to foment trouble on the British side. However, Afghans who were on the British side of the border did cause concerns due to revolts. (en) 제3차 영국-아프가니스탄 전쟁 (파슈토어: د افغان-انګرېز درېمه جګړه)은 1919년 5월 6일에 시작하여 1919년 8월 8일 아프가니스탄의 승리로 종료되어 휴전되었고 아프가니스탄의 완전한 독립을 얻어내었다. 영국인 작가 마이클 바톱에 따르면, 아프가니스탄의 승리는 듀랜드 라인이 아프가니스탄과 영국령 인도 사이의 정치적인 경계선으로 재인정받고 아프간 세력이 영국 진영에 문제를 조성하지 않을 것이라는 동의를 받아낸 영국의 전략적인 승리였다고 한다. 아프가니스탄은 완전한 독립 국가로서 그들만의 외교 관계를 맺을 권리를 다시 얻어냈다. (ko) Nel 1919 si svolse la terza guerra anglo-afghana nella quale, a differenza delle precedenti due, fu l'Afghanistan ad attaccare le truppe britanniche in India. Al termine di questo breve conflitto l'Inghilterra rinunciò ai suoi interessi in Afghanistan, che divenne uno stato indipendente. (it) De Derde Brits-Afghaanse Oorlog was een oorlog tussen het Britse Rijk en Afghanistan die begon op 6 mei 1919 en eindigde met een wapenstilstand op 8 augustus 1919. (nl) Tredje anglo-afghanska kriget var en väpnad konflikt som utkämpades 6 maj-8 augusti 1919. Det slutade med en mindre taktisk seger för britterna. Durandlinjen bekräftades återigen som politisk gräns mellan Emiratet Afghanistan och Brittiska Indien, medan afghanerna lovade att inte orsaka mer oroligheter på brittiska territorier. Britternas beskydd över Afghanistan upphörde också, och Afghanistan blev oberoende. (sv) Третя англо-афганська війна 1919 року — збройна боротьба Емірату Афганістан проти Британської індійської армії на захист проголошеної незалежності країни від іноземного втручання. Спроба Великої Британії силою підкорити собі Афганістан завершилась невдачею. (uk) 第三次英国－阿富汗战争（简称第三次英阿战争），始于1919年5月6日，终于同年8月8日。英国在战术上取得胜利。战后，重新确立了杜兰线作为阿富汗酋长国与英属印度之间的疆界。之后不久，阿富汗获得独立主权。 (zh) La Tercera guerra anglo-afganesa (1919) fou un conflicte armat entre Afganistan i el Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda que va durar un mes del 4 de maig de 1919 al 3 de juny de 1919. Quan Amanullah va pujar al tron (25 de febrer de 1919) en ser assassinat Habibullah i després de cinc dies de regnat de , va decidir combatre els britànics i la seva hegemonia sobre el país. Va proclamar la independència plena i va exigir un nou acord amb els britànics per acabar amb el virtual protectorat existent fins aleshores; va enviar les seves tropes a la frontera. (ca) La Tercera Guerra Anglo-Afgana (pastún: د افغان-انګلیس دریمه جګړه), también conocida como la Tercera Guerra Afgana, comenzó el 6 de mayo de 1919 y finalizó con un armisticio el 8 de agosto de ese mismo año. (es) Der Dritte Anglo-Afghanische Krieg (englisch Third (Anglo-)Afghan War) von 1919 war eine von drei militärischen Auseinandersetzungen des Britischen Empire mit Afghanistan zwischen 1839 und 1919, den Anglo-Afghanischen Kriegen. (de) Perang Inggris-Afghanistan Ketiga (Persia: جنگ سوم افغان-انگلیس) juga dikenal sebagai Perang Afghanistan Ketiga, Perang Britania-Afghanistan tahun 1919 dan di Afghanistan dikenal juga sebagai Perang Kemerdekaan, dimulai pada 6 Mei 1919 ketika Keamiran Afghanistan menginvasi India Britania dan berakhir dengan gencatan senjata pada tanggal 8 Agustus 1919. Perang ini mengakibatkan Afghanistan memenangkan kembali kendali atas urusan luar negeri dari Inggris, dan Inggris mengakui Afghanistan sebagai negara merdeka. Menurut penulis Inggris Michael Barthorp, itu juga merupakan kemenangan strategis kecil bagi Inggris karena Garis Durand ditegaskan kembali sebagai batas politik antara Afghanistan dan Kemaharajaan Britania, dan rakyat Afghanistan sepakat untuk tidak menimbulkan masalah di pihak Ingg (in) A Terceira Guerra Anglo-Afegã (também referida apenas como a Terceira Guerra Afegã) começou no dia 6 de Maio 1919 e terminou com um armistício em 8 de Agosto de 1919. Durante os dez anos de reinado de Amanullah Khan iniciou-se um período de mudança dramática no Afeganistão, tanto na política externa como na interna. Amanullah declarou a independência total e provocou a Terceira Guerra Anglo-Afegã. Alterou a sua política externa em novas relações com as potências estrangeiras e transformou a sua política interna com reformas sociais, políticas e econômicas. Embora o seu reinado tenha terminado abruptamente, ele conseguiu alguns êxitos notáveis, seus esforços fracassaram, tanto devido às forças tribais do Afeganistão e as maquinações da Rússia Czarista e da Grã-Bretanha como as políticas ins (pt) Третья Англо-афганская война 1919 года (англ. Third Anglo-Afghan War, пуш.: د افغان-انګرېز درېمه جګړه) — вооружённая борьба Афганистана против Британской индийской армии в защиту провозглашённой независимости страны от иностранного вмешательства. Попытка Великобритании силой подчинить себе Афганистан окончилась неудачей. (ru) |
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Third Anglo-Afghan War (en) الحرب الإنجليزية الأفغانية الثالثة (ar) Tercera guerra anglo-afganesa (ca) Dritter Anglo-Afghanischer Krieg (de) Tria Angl-Afgana Milito (eo) Tercera guerra anglo-afgana (es) Perang Inggris-Afganistan Ketiga (in) Terza guerra anglo-afghana (it) Troisième guerre anglo-afghane (fr) 제3차 영국-아프가니스탄 전쟁 (ko) Derde Brits-Afghaanse Oorlog (nl) Terceira Guerra Anglo-Afegã (pt) Третья англо-афганская война (ru) Tredje anglo-afghanska kriget (sv) 第三次英国－阿富汗战争 (zh) Третя англо-афганська війна (uk) |
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| is dbp:battles of |
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| is dbp:establishedEvent of |
dbr:Afghanistan |
| is dbp:warsAndBattles of |
dbr:Shuja_ul-Mulk dbr:Nasir_ul-Mulk |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of |
wikipedia-en:Third_Anglo-Afghan_War |
