Military history of India (original) (raw)

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قبل وجود الجيش الهندي المعاصر، كان هناك هيئات عديدة سابقة له وهي: أفواج سباهي وفرق الفرسان الأصلية والمجموعات غير النظامية للفرسان ومجموعات الهندسة وزرع الألغام التي أسستها الرئاسات البريطانية الثلاث. أنشأ الراج البريطاني الجيش الهندي في القرن التاسع عشر من خلال جمع جيوش الرئاسة السابقة ودمجها وتوحيدها تحت سلطة التاج الملكي البريطاني. حارب الجيش البريطاني الهندي في كل من الحربين العالميتين. تلت القوات المسلحة الهندية عسكرية الهند البريطانية إثر استقلال الهند عام 1947. بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية، سُرح عدد كبير من جنود فترة الحرب وحُل عدد من المجموعات العسكرية. قُسمت القوات المسلحة الباقية بين الهند وباكستان. حاربت القوات المسلحة الهندية في الحروب الثلاثة ضد باكستان وفي حرب ضد جمهورية الصين الشعبية. حاربت الهند أيضًا في حرب كارجيل ضد باكستان عام 1999، وهي أكثر الحروب الجبلية ارتفاعًا في التاريخ. شاركت القوات المسلحة في عدد من عمليات حفظ السلام التابعة للأمم المتحدة وهي حاليًا المساهم الثاني من ناحية عدد الجنود في قوة حفظ السلام. (ar)
The predecessors to the contemporary Army of India were many: the sepoy regiments, native cavalry, irregular horse and Indian sapper and miner companies raised by the three British presidencies. The Army of India was raised under the British Raj in the 19th century by taking the erstwhile presidency armies, merging them, and bringing them under the Crown. The British Indian Army fought in both World Wars. The armed forces succeeded the military of British India following India's independence in 1947. After World War II, many of the wartime troops were discharged and units disbanded. The reduced armed forces were partitioned between India and Pakistan. The Indian armed forces fought in all fours wars against Pakistan and two wars against People's Republic of China in 1962 and 1967. India also fought in the Kargil War with Pakistan in 1999, the highest altitude mountain warfare in history. The Indian Armed Forces have participated in several United Nations peacekeeping operations and are presently the second largest contributor of troops to the peacekeeping force. * Indian warrior in Armor by Edwin Lord Weeks. * Ancient Indian Antennae sword; Metalwork, 1500–500 BCE. * Ancient Indian Ax Blade, 1500–1000 BCE. (en)
Il primo riferimento noto ad eserciti in quella che oggi si chiama India risale a millenni fa nei Veda e nei poemi epici Rāmāyaṇa e Mahābhārata. Dal periodo antico al XIX secolo, vennero alla ribalta numerose potenti dinastie che in taluni casi furono contrastate da capi indiani meno importanti i quali — attraverso la guerra — contendevano loro il controllo del territorio e l'esercizio del potere. I britannici colonizzarono l'India nel XIX secolo. Vi sono diversi antenati dell'attuale esercito indiano: i reggimenti sepoy, la cavalleria locale, le compagnie a cavallo irregolari e quelle di zappatori e genieri indiani patrocinate dalle tre presidenze britanniche. L'esercito dell'India fu istituito dall'impero anglo-indiano nel XIX secolo prendendo gli eserciti pregressi delle presidenze, fondendoli e sottomettendoli alla Corona (britannica). Il British Indian Army (esercito anglo-indiano) combatté in entrambe le guerre mondiali. L'esercito coloniale fu sostituito dalle forze armate nazionali indiane dopo la dichiarazione di indipendenza del paese, ovvero nel 1947. Dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, molte truppe del tempo di guerra furono congedate, e le relative unità disciolte. Le ridimensionate forze armate risultanti furono spartite tra India e Pakistan. Le forze armate indiane combatterono in tutte e tre le guerre indo-pakistane e nella guerra sino-indiana (1962). L'India combatté ancora la con il Pakistan nel 1999, la guerra alpina disputata a maggior altitudine di ogni tempo. Le forze armate indiane hanno partecipato a diverse operazioni di peacekeeping delle Nazioni Unite e sono attualmente il secondo maggior fornitore di truppe della forza di interposizione internazionale. (it)
印度历史悠久，其军队源于历史上的诸多王朝和欧洲殖民者的军队。自1947年印度独立，1950年共和国建立，印度共和国一直保持庞大的军队。目前，印度武裝部隊是世界第4大武装力量，同时拥有世界最大的准军事组织——印度準軍事部隊。亦是世界上八个拥有核武器的国家之一。 (zh)

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Kosambi fort walls Period I with burnt brick revetment, 1000–700 BC PGW period (en)
Sikh soldiers of the Indian Legion guarding the Atlantic Wall in France in March 1944. Subhas Chandra Bose initiated the legion's formation, and intended for it to serve as a liberation force for British-controlled India. (en)
Front view of the present Somnath Temple. (en)
Somnath temple in ruins, 1869 CE. (en)
Royal Indian Navy landing craft enter bay at Singapore, 1944. (en)
Elephant sword, also called tusk swords, which are pairs of blades specially designed to be attached to elephant tusks. (en)
Chittor Fort is the largest fort on the Indian subcontinent; it is one of the six Hill Forts of Rajasthan. (en)

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The Somnath temple was first attacked by Muslim Turkic invader Mahmud of Ghazni and repeatedly demolished by successive Muslim invaders, each time being rebuilt by Hindu rulers. (en)

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Chittorgarh fort.JPG (en)
Somnath temple ruins .jpg (en)
Somnath-current.jpg (en)
British Reoccupation of Singapore, 1945 SE4636.jpg (en)
Elephant Sword MET DP350518.jpg (en)
Kirti stambha.jpg (en)
Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-263-1580-05, Atlantikwall, Soldaten der Legion "Freies Indien".jpg (en)
Victory tower.jpg (en)

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Early Military history of India (en)

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印度历史悠久，其军队源于历史上的诸多王朝和欧洲殖民者的军队。自1947年印度独立，1950年共和国建立，印度共和国一直保持庞大的军队。目前，印度武裝部隊是世界第4大武装力量，同时拥有世界最大的准军事组织——印度準軍事部隊。亦是世界上八个拥有核武器的国家之一。 (zh)
قبل وجود الجيش الهندي المعاصر، كان هناك هيئات عديدة سابقة له وهي: أفواج سباهي وفرق الفرسان الأصلية والمجموعات غير النظامية للفرسان ومجموعات الهندسة وزرع الألغام التي أسستها الرئاسات البريطانية الثلاث. أنشأ الراج البريطاني الجيش الهندي في القرن التاسع عشر من خلال جمع جيوش الرئاسة السابقة ودمجها وتوحيدها تحت سلطة التاج الملكي البريطاني. حارب الجيش البريطاني الهندي في كل من الحربين العالميتين. (ar)
The predecessors to the contemporary Army of India were many: the sepoy regiments, native cavalry, irregular horse and Indian sapper and miner companies raised by the three British presidencies. The Army of India was raised under the British Raj in the 19th century by taking the erstwhile presidency armies, merging them, and bringing them under the Crown. The British Indian Army fought in both World Wars. * Indian warrior in Armor by Edwin Lord Weeks. * Ancient Indian Antennae sword; Metalwork, 1500–500 BCE. * Ancient Indian Ax Blade, 1500–1000 BCE. (en)
Il primo riferimento noto ad eserciti in quella che oggi si chiama India risale a millenni fa nei Veda e nei poemi epici Rāmāyaṇa e Mahābhārata. Dal periodo antico al XIX secolo, vennero alla ribalta numerose potenti dinastie che in taluni casi furono contrastate da capi indiani meno importanti i quali — attraverso la guerra — contendevano loro il controllo del territorio e l'esercizio del potere. I britannici colonizzarono l'India nel XIX secolo. (it)

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Military history of India (en)
التاريخ العسكري للهند (ar)
Storia militare dell'India (it)
印度军事史 (zh)

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