Ajami script (original) (raw)
الخط العَجَمي مجموعة من حروف التهجي والحركات العربية اتخذت نظاما لكتابة نصوص اللغات الأفريقية. كانت بداية الكتابة بالخط العجمي منذ القرن السابع عشر.
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| dbo:abstract | Als Adschami-Schrift oder Ajami-Schrift (von arabisch عجمي, DMG ʿağamī ‚fremd, nichtarabisch‘, vgl. auch ʿAdscham) werden Anwendungen der arabischen Schrift für andere Sprachen als das Arabische bezeichnet. Dieser Begriff bezieht sich vorwiegend auf afrikanische Sprachen wie Hausa, Fulfulde, Wolof, Malinke, Mandinka, Bambara, Songhai, Kanuri, Swahili und Somali, die zum Teil seit Jahrhunderten mit dem arabischen Alphabet geschrieben werden, sowie auf die Literatur, die in dieser Schrift verfasst wurde. Heute werden viele dieser afrikanischen Sprachen vorwiegend in Lateinschrift geschrieben. Die Anwendung der arabischen Schrift für Somali wird auch Wadaad-Schrift genannt. Die Anwendung der arabischen Schrift für iberoromanische Sprachen (Spanisch, Portugiesisch, Aragonesisch, Katalanisch) wird (spanisch) Aljamía genannt (ebenfalls von arabisch عجمي, DMG ʿağamī hergeleitet), und die in dieser Schrift verfassten Manuskripte werden als aljamiado bezeichnet. (de) الخط العَجَمي مجموعة من حروف التهجي والحركات العربية اتخذت نظاما لكتابة نصوص اللغات الأفريقية. كانت بداية الكتابة بالخط العجمي منذ القرن السابع عشر. (ar) Ajami (Arabic: عجمي, ʿajamī) or Ajamiyya (Arabic: عجمية, ʿajamiyyah), which comes from the Arabic root for foreign or stranger, is an Arabic-derived script used for writing African languages, particularly those of Mandé, Hausa and Swahili, although many other African languages are written using the script, including Yoruba, Mooré, and Pulaar. It is considered an Arabic-derived African writing system. Since many African languages include phonetic sounds and systems not found in the standard Arabic language, an adapted Arabic script is used to transcribe those sounds not normally found in Arabic. Similar modified Arabic scripts exist in Iran, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. The West African Hausa is an example of a language written using Ajami, especially during the pre-colonial period when Qur'anic schools taught Muslim children Arabic and, by extension, Ajami. Following Western colonization, a Latin orthography for Hausa was adopted and the Ajami script declined in popularity. Ajami remains in widespread use among Islamic circles, but exists in digraphia among the broader populace - Ajami is used ceremonially and for specific purposes, such as for local herbal preparations in the Jula language. (en) L’adjami (en arabe عجمي ʿaǰamī) est un ensemble d’alphabets dérivés de l’alphabet arabe, utilisés en Afrique. Ces alphabets ont été ou sont encore utilisés en Afrique de l’Ouest, pour l’écriture du haoussa, du peul,du yoruba,du wolof, du diola-fogny et de plusieurs langues mandingues comme le mandinka, le bambara et le dioula, et en Afrique de l’Est pour l’écriture du swahili ou du somali. En Afrique de l’Ouest, une harmonisation a été organisée par l’Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture (Unesco) et l’Organisation islamique pour l'éducation, les sciences et la culture (Isesco) au niveau international[Quand ?]. Au niveau national, les adjamis sont normalisés au Sénégal avec les caractères coraniques harmonisés et au Tchad avec l’alphabet national tchadien. (fr) Аджам, аджамия (араб. عجمية) — письменность у некоторых неарабских народов на основе арабского алфавита. (ru) O termo Ajami (em árabe: عجمي), ou Ajamiyya (em árabe: عجمية), que vem da raiz árabe para "estrangeiro" ou "estranho, " é aplicado às ortografias arábicas usadas para escrever diversas línguas africanas. Como as línguas da África envolvem formas e sistemas fonéticos diversos daqueles da língua árabe, houve frequentes modificações na escrita’’árabe’’ para transcrever essas línguas, processos similares aos ocorridos com a própria escrita árabe em países não árabes do Oriente médio e como o alfabeto latino em vários locais da África, Américas e Ásia. A Língua haúça da África ocidental é um exemplo de lingual que utilize o alfabeto Ajami, especialmente no periodo pré-colonial, quando as escolas corânicas ensinavam às crianças o Árabe e daí o Ajami. Com a vinda dos colonizadores europeus passou a ser usada a escrita boco (escrita latina para o hauçá) e, assim, houve queda no uso da escrita Ajami. Hoje é menos empregada do que o alfabeto latino padrão, mas o ajami hauçá vem tendendo a crescer novamente, principalmente nos círculos islâmicos. (pt) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Minority-and-Restricted-Uses-of-the-Arabic-The-Hegyi/ef7d30b85cc2730c5fff242ca5b51b47998fe2cc http://www.bisharat.net/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/ArabicScript https://ajami.hypotheses.org http://www.omniglot.com/writing/hausa.htm |
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| rdfs:comment | الخط العَجَمي مجموعة من حروف التهجي والحركات العربية اتخذت نظاما لكتابة نصوص اللغات الأفريقية. كانت بداية الكتابة بالخط العجمي منذ القرن السابع عشر. (ar) Аджам, аджамия (араб. عجمية) — письменность у некоторых неарабских народов на основе арабского алфавита. (ru) Ajami (Arabic: عجمي, ʿajamī) or Ajamiyya (Arabic: عجمية, ʿajamiyyah), which comes from the Arabic root for foreign or stranger, is an Arabic-derived script used for writing African languages, particularly those of Mandé, Hausa and Swahili, although many other African languages are written using the script, including Yoruba, Mooré, and Pulaar. It is considered an Arabic-derived African writing system. Since many African languages include phonetic sounds and systems not found in the standard Arabic language, an adapted Arabic script is used to transcribe those sounds not normally found in Arabic. Similar modified Arabic scripts exist in Iran, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. (en) Als Adschami-Schrift oder Ajami-Schrift (von arabisch عجمي, DMG ʿağamī ‚fremd, nichtarabisch‘, vgl. auch ʿAdscham) werden Anwendungen der arabischen Schrift für andere Sprachen als das Arabische bezeichnet. Dieser Begriff bezieht sich vorwiegend auf afrikanische Sprachen wie Hausa, Fulfulde, Wolof, Malinke, Mandinka, Bambara, Songhai, Kanuri, Swahili und Somali, die zum Teil seit Jahrhunderten mit dem arabischen Alphabet geschrieben werden, sowie auf die Literatur, die in dieser Schrift verfasst wurde. Heute werden viele dieser afrikanischen Sprachen vorwiegend in Lateinschrift geschrieben. (de) L’adjami (en arabe عجمي ʿaǰamī) est un ensemble d’alphabets dérivés de l’alphabet arabe, utilisés en Afrique. Ces alphabets ont été ou sont encore utilisés en Afrique de l’Ouest, pour l’écriture du haoussa, du peul,du yoruba,du wolof, du diola-fogny et de plusieurs langues mandingues comme le mandinka, le bambara et le dioula, et en Afrique de l’Est pour l’écriture du swahili ou du somali. En Afrique de l’Ouest, une harmonisation a été organisée par l’Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture (Unesco) et l’Organisation islamique pour l'éducation, les sciences et la culture (Isesco) au niveau international[Quand ?]. Au niveau national, les adjamis sont normalisés au Sénégal avec les caractères coraniques harmonisés et au Tchad avec l’alphabet national tchadie (fr) O termo Ajami (em árabe: عجمي), ou Ajamiyya (em árabe: عجمية), que vem da raiz árabe para "estrangeiro" ou "estranho, " é aplicado às ortografias arábicas usadas para escrever diversas línguas africanas. Como as línguas da África envolvem formas e sistemas fonéticos diversos daqueles da língua árabe, houve frequentes modificações na escrita’’árabe’’ para transcrever essas línguas, processos similares aos ocorridos com a própria escrita árabe em países não árabes do Oriente médio e como o alfabeto latino em vários locais da África, Américas e Ásia. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | الخط العجمي (ar) Adschami-Schrift (de) Ajami script (en) Adjami (fr) Escrita ajami (pt) Аджам (письменность) (ru) |
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