Occupation of Japan (original) (raw)
Al final de la Segona Guerra Mundial, el Japó va ser ocupat per les forces aliades, liderades pels Estats Units amb contribucions per part d'Austràlia, l'Índia britànica, el Regne Unit i Nova Zelanda. Aquesta presència d'ocupació estrangera va constituir la primera vegada que la nació-illa era ocupada per una potència estrangera des de la seva unificació. El Tractat de San Francisco signat el 8 de setembre de 1951 va entrar en vigor el 28 d'abril de 1952 i va marcar la fi de l'ocupació aliada.
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| dbo:abstract | Al final de la Segona Guerra Mundial, el Japó va ser ocupat per les forces aliades, liderades pels Estats Units amb contribucions per part d'Austràlia, l'Índia britànica, el Regne Unit i Nova Zelanda. Aquesta presència d'ocupació estrangera va constituir la primera vegada que la nació-illa era ocupada per una potència estrangera des de la seva unificació. El Tractat de San Francisco signat el 8 de setembre de 1951 va entrar en vigor el 28 d'abril de 1952 i va marcar la fi de l'ocupació aliada. (ca) Okupace Japonska spojeneckými silami, označovaná jako Operace Blacklist, probíhala od roku 1945 do roku 1952. V tomto období bylo japonské souostroví a území osvobozená od japonské nadvlády pod kontrolou spojeneckých sil, z nichž největší vliv měly Spojené státy. Oficiální hlavou státu zůstal nadále císař Hirohito (byl na trůně až do své smrti v roce 1989), faktickou vládu však vykonávala okupační správa v čele s generálem Douglasem MacArthurem. Okupace se nevztahovala na souostroví Rjúkjú, které bylo do roku 1950 pod kontrolou samostatné vojenské vlády USA, posléze pod civilní správou, a Japonsku navráceno roku 1972. (cs) عند نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية تم احتلال اليابان من قبل قوات الحلفاء بقيادة الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية بالاشتراك مع المملكة المتحدة وأستراليا. كانت تلك هي المرة الأولى في التاريخ الذي احتلت فيه اليابان من قبل دولة أجنبية. انتهى الاحتلال بتوقيع معاهدة السلام في سان فرانسيسكو في 8 سبتمبر 1951، وبتطبيق الاتفاقية في 28 أبريل 1952 رجعت اليابان دولة مستقلة من جديد. كان هذا التواجد العسكري الاحتلال الأجنبي الوحيد في تاريخ اليابان. بإصرار من ماكارثر، بقي الإمبراطور هيروهيتو على العرش الإمبراطوري. واستبدل مجلس الوزراء في زمن الحرب بحكومة يقبلها الحلفاء تلتزم بتنفيذ شروط إعلان بوتسدام، الذي دعا من بين أمور أخرى إلى أن تصبح البلاد ديمقراطية برلمانية. بدأت الحكومة اليابانية بإشراف ماكارثر إصلاحات اجتماعية شاملة وإصلاحات اقتصادية تشبه «الصفقة الجديدة» الأمريكية في ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين في عهد الرئيس روزفلت. أُلغي الدستور الياباني واستُبدل بدستور جديد كتبته الولايات المتحدة، وأصبحت سلطات الإمبراطور الواسعة نظريًا، والتي لم تقيدها من قبل سوى الاتفاقيات التي نضجت ببطء، محدودة جدًا بموجب القانون. ومنعت المادة التاسعة من الدستور اليابان بوضوح من الاحتفاظ بقوة عسكرية أو شن الحرب لتسوية النزاعات الدولية. انتهى الاحتلال رسميًا بدخول معاهدة السلام مع اليابان (معاهدة سان فرانسيسكو) حيز التنفيذ، والتي وقعت في 8 سبتمبر 1951، ودخلت حيز التنفيذ بدءًا من 28 أبريل 1952، ومن خلالها استُعيدت سيادة اليابان على أراضيها بالكامل باستثناء جزر ريوكيو. ولكن فرض الولايات المتحدة لمعاهدة التعاون الأمني بين الولايات المتحدة واليابان في نفس الوقت ضمن بقاء عشرات الآلاف من الجنود الأمريكيين في اليابان حتى أجل غير مسمى. يمكن تقسيم فترة احتلال اليابان إلى ثلاث مراحل: الجهود الأولية لمعاقبة اليابان وإصلاحها؛ والجهود التالية ضمن ما عُرف باسم «المسار المعاكس» التي هدفت إلى قمع المعارضة وإنعاش الاقتصاد الياباني لدعم الولايات المتحدة في الحرب الباردة؛ وإقامة معاهدة سلام رسمية وتحالف عسكري دائم. (ar) Της συμμαχικής κατοχής της Ιαπωνίας στο τέλος του Β' Παγκόσμιου Πολέμου ηγήθηκαν οι Η.Π.Α. των οποίων ο πρόεδρος Χάρυ Τρούμαν διόρισε τον στρατηγό Ντάγκλας Μακάρθουρ ως με την υποστήριξη της Βρετανικής Κοινοπολιτείας. Σε αντίθεση με την Γερμανική κατοχή, η Σοβιετική Ένωση δεν συμμετείχε. Οι δυνάμεις Κατοχής επέφεραν ουσιαστικές και σημαντικές αλλαγές στην δομή του ιαπωνικού κράτους - τερματίζοντας και την αυτοκρατορική περίοδο της χώρας. Το ιαπωνικό σύνταγμα αναθεωρήθηκε διεξοδικά και οι τεράστιες εξουσίες του αυτοκράτορα περιορίστηκαν από το νόμο. Η κατοχή, με την κωδική ονομασία "Επιχείρηση Μαύρη Λίστα" (αγγλικά: Operation Blacklist) τερματίστηκε με την ειρηνευτική που υπεγράφη στις 8 Σεπτεμβρίου 1951 και άρχισε να ισχύει στις 28 Απριλίου 1952. (el) La Okupacio de Japanio fare de Aliancanoj fine de la Dua Mondmilito estis estrita de la Generalo Douglas MacArthur, nome Supera Komandanto de la Aliancaj Armeoj, kun subteno de la Brita Komunumo. Malkiel ĉe la Okupacio de Germanio, Sovetunio ne estis rajtigita influi super Japanio. Tiu eksterlanda ĉeesto markis la nuran fojon en la historio de Japanio kiam ĝi estis okupaciita de eksterlanda potenco. La lando iĝis parlamenta demokratio kiu kongruis kun la prioritatoj de la 1930-aj jaroj en la tiam nova politiko "New Deal" de Roosevelt. Tiu okupacio, kun kodonomo Operaco Nigra Listo, finis per la San-Francisko Pactraktato, subskribita la 8an de septembro, 1951, kaj valida el la 28a de aprilo, 1952, post kio la suvereneco de Japanio – kun la escepto, ĝis 1972, de la Rjukjua Insularo – estis tute restaŭrita. (eo) Die Besatzungszeit in Japan begann am 2. September 1945 mit der Kapitulation Japans, die das Ende des Pazifikkriegs und damit des Zweiten Weltkriegs darstellte. Mit dem am 8. September 1951 geschlossenen Friedensvertrag von San Francisco wurde auf den japanischen Hauptinseln die Besatzungszeit beendet. Die Vereinigten Staaten stellten als ehemaliger Hauptgegner den Großteil der Besatzungstruppen, dazu kamen britische Soldaten in deutlich geringerer Anzahl. Es war das erste Mal in der japanischen Geschichte, dass die Inselnation von fremden Mächten besetzt wurde. Die Besatzung verwandelte das Japanische Kaiserreich in eine Parlamentarische Demokratie, die teilweise auf dem US-amerikanischen New Deal basierte. (de) La ocupación de Japón se dio al finalizar la Segunda Guerra Mundial por las fuerzas aliadas, lideradas por los Estados Unidos con contribuciones de parte de Canadá, Australia, el Reino Unido y Nueva Zelanda. Esta presencia de ocupación extranjera constituyó la primera vez que la nación-isla era ocupada por una potencia extranjera desde su unificación. El Tratado de San Francisco fue firmado el 8 de septiembre de 1951 y marcó el fin de la ocupación aliada, entrando subsecuentemente en vigor el 28 de abril de 1952, cuando Japón se convirtió de nuevo en un Estado, ahora condicionadamente independiente. (es) Japan was occupied and administered by the victorious Allies of World War II from the 1945 surrender of the Empire of Japan at the end of the war until theTreaty of San Francisco took effect in 1952. The occupation, led by the United States with support from the British Commonwealth and under the supervision of the Far Eastern Commission, involved a total of nearly 1 million Allied soldiers. The occupation was overseen by American General Douglas MacArthur, who was appointed Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers by US President Harry Truman; MacArthur was succeeded as supreme commander by General Matthew Ridgway in 1951. Unlike in the occupation of Germany, the Soviet Union had little to no influence over the occupation of Japan, declining to participate because it did not want to place Soviet troops under MacArthur's direct command. This foreign presence marks the only time in Japan's history that it has been occupied by a foreign power. However, unlike in Germany the Allies never assumed direct control over Japan's civil administration. In the immediate aftermath of Japan's military surrender, the country's government continued to formally operate under the provisions of the Meiji Constitution. Furthermore, at MacArthur's insistence, Emperor Hirohito remained on the imperial throne and was effectively granted full immunity from prosecution for war crimes after he agreed to replace the wartime cabinet with a ministry acceptable to the Allies and committed to implementing the terms of the Potsdam Declaration, which among other things called for the country to become a parliamentary democracy. Under MacArthur's guidance, the Japanese government introduced sweeping social reforms and implemented economic reforms that recalled American "New Deal" priorities of the 1930s under President Roosevelt. In 1947, a sweeping amendment to the Meiji Constitution was passed which effectively repealed it in its entirety and replaced it with a new, American-written constitution, and the emperor's theoretically vast powers, which for many centuries had been constrained only by conventions that had evolved over time, became strictly limited by law. Article 9 of the constitution explicitly forbade Japan from maintaining a military or pursuing war as a means to settle international disputes. The occupation officially ended with coming into force of the San Francisco Peace Treaty, signed on September 8, 1951, and effective from April 28, 1952, after which the U.S. military ceased any direct involvement in the country's civil administration thus effectively restoring full sovereignty to Japan with the exception of the Ryukyu Islands. The simultaneous implementation of the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty allowed tens of thousands of American soldiers to remain based in Japan indefinitely, albeit at the invitation of the Japanese government and not as an occupation force. The occupation of Japan can be usefully divided into three phases: the initial effort to punish and reform Japan; the so-called "Reverse Course" in which the focus shifted to suppressing dissent and reviving the Japanese economy to support the U.S. in the Cold War; and the final establishment of a formal peace treaty and enduring military alliance. (en) L'occupation du Japon est une période de l'histoire du Japon qui commence en septembre 1945 et s'achève en septembre 1952. Le commandant en chef des forces alliées dans le Pacifique, le général Douglas MacArthur, devient gouverneur militaire du Japon après la signature des actes de capitulation du Japon le 2 septembre 1945, mettant un terme à la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il doit assurer la direction d'un pays exsangue, qui doit rapatrier, au lendemain de la guerre, six millions de combattants sur l’archipel. De plus, le pays doit céder les trois quarts des terres de l'empire qu'il s’était constitué dans le cadre de sa politique expansionniste en Asie (entre 1929 et 1945). Bien que la structure administrative impériale soit préservée, les forces d'occupation américaines dirigent de facto le pays avec les Britanniques jusqu'à la tenue d'élections libres. Mais la situation du Japon est catastrophique, avec des villes en ruine et de faibles récoltes laissant présager une famine imminente. Les autorités d'occupation ont bien du mal à faire face aux problèmes de misère sociale : chômage, prostitution à travers l'« Association pour les loisirs et l'amusement », marché noir, orphelins, sous-alimentation, maladies, personnes déplacées par millions… De leur côté, les États-Unis font l'expérience d'un processus d'édification de la nation afin de mettre fin dans la mentalité des vaincus à un militarisme dont la nature radicale avait stupéfié tous les belligérants. À la tête des forces d'occupation, MacArthur se comporte en proconsul et son rôle s'avère aussi déterminant que celui d'un chef d'État. Les médias en viennent à le surnommer le « vice-roi du Pacifique ». La période s'achève avec la signature, le 8 septembre 1951, du traité de paix de San Francisco. Le Japon retrouve sa souveraineté et le droit d'assurer sa défense, mais les troupes américaines – à l'exclusion de celles des autres nations alliées, sauf accord du gouvernement des États-Unis – demeurent dans l'archipel japonais. Le contexte de guerre froide explique largement la politique américaine de présence en Asie. Notons que le traité de San Francisco ne sera pas signé par l'Union soviétique, qui ne rétablira ses relations diplomatiques avec Tokyo qu'en 1956. La même année, en décembre, le Japon sera admis à l'ONU. D'autre part, et alors que commence la guerre de Corée en 1950, un changement de politique des autorités d'occupation américaines du Japon a lieu et les Japonais peuvent, dès lors, reconstituer leurs forces militaires, avec le soutien des États-Unis cette fois, qui intègrent leur ancien adversaire dans leur système de défense asiatique (pacte militaire nippo-américain signé en 1951). À l'instar de la République fédérale d'Allemagne, le Japon, dans les conditions particulières créées par la Guerre froide, devient un précieux allié de la politique américaine et bénéficie, en retour, d'une aide financière et matérielle qui lui permet de réaliser son « miracle économique » dès le début des années 1950. (fr) Setelah kekalahan dalam Perang Dunia II, Jepang diduduki oleh pasukan Sekutu, dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat dan didukung oleh Australia, India, Selandia Baru, dan Britania Raya. Pendudukan Jepang ini berlangsung dari tahun 1945 hingga tahun 1952. Pendudukan tersebut mencakup juga bidang pendidikan dan pemerintahan. Banyak wilayah masyarakat Jepang yang terpengaruh selama masa ini. Pada tahun 1946, dalam pidato , Kaisar Hirohito secara resmi menyatakan bahwa ia bukan dewa. Tradisi kultus raja tersebut akhirnya berakhir setelah berlangsung selama berabad-abad. Secara resmi, pendudukan Jepang berakhir pada tanggal 28 April 1952, pada saat ditandatanganinya Perjanjian San Francisco. (in) 連合国軍占領下の日本（れんごうこくぐんせんりょうかのにほん）では、第二次世界大戦における日本の敗戦からサンフランシスコ平和条約締結までの約7年間にわたり、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部（GHQ／SCAP）の占領下に置かれた日本について解説する。 占領の形態について戦時占領説、保障占領説、特殊占領説がある。連合国は日本の占領を戦時占領とも保障占領ともとれる扱いを行っており、純粋な戦時占領や保障占領ではない特殊占領であるという見方が多い。 (ja) 연합군 점령하 일본(일본어: 連合国軍占領下の日本 렌고쿠군센료카노니혼[*], 영어: Occupation of Japan)은 1945년부터 1952년까지 연합국 점령하의 일본이 재구성되는 시기로, 일본 제국이 패망한 후 연합국에게 지배를 당한 시기이다. 블랙리스트 작전(Operation Blacklist)이라는 암호명으로 불린 점령 작전은 샌프란시스코 강화 조약이 1951년 9월 8일 조인되고 1952년 4월 28일 발효되어 류큐 제도를 제외한 일본의 주권이 완전히 회복되면서 종료되었다. (ko) De bezetting van Japan was een zeven jaar durende periode waarin Japan werd bezet door de geallieerden, onder leiding van de Verenigde Staten. De bezetting begon op 28 augustus 1945, 14 dagen nadat Japan zich over had gegeven tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog, en duurde tot 28 april 1952. Het is tot op heden de enige keer in de geschiedenis van Japan dat het land door een buitenlandse troepenmacht werd bezet. (nl) L'occupazione del Giappone avvenne alla fine della seconda guerra mondiale quando l'Impero giapponese fu occupato militarmente dalle potenze alleate vincitrici, guidate dagli Stati Uniti con contributi da parte del Regno Unito. Questa presenza segnò la prima occupazione del Paese da parte di potenze straniere. Il Trattato di San Francisco, firmato l'8 settembre 1951, marcò la fine dell'occupazione alleata, ma solo con la sua entrata in vigore, avvenuta il 28 aprile 1952, il Giappone tornò ad essere uno Stato completamente indipendente. (it) A Ocupação do Japão pelas Forças Aliadas foi um período da história do Japão que compreendeu o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, em 14 de agosto de 1945, até o fim da ocupação pelos Aliados em 28 de abril de 1952. O Japão rendeu-se aos Aliados em 14 de agosto de 1945, quando o governo japonês notificou-os de que havia aceitado os termos da Declaração de Potsdam. No dia seguinte, o Imperador Hirohito anunciou a rendição incondicional do Japão pelo rádio. O anúncio foi o primeiro jamais feito pelo imperador por rádio, e a primeira vez que a maioria dos cidadãos japoneses ouviu a voz de seu soberano. Esta data é conhecida como Vitória sobre o Japão, ou Dia V-J, e marcou o fim da Segunda Guerra e o início de um longo processo de recuperação para o combalido Japão. A ocupação foi encabeçada pelos Estados Unidos, com a contribuição de Austrália, Índia, Nova Zelândia e Reino Unido. Com esta presença estrangeira, pela primeira vez em sua história o Japão se viu ocupado por um poder externo. O Tratado de Paz de São Francisco, assinado a 8 de setembro de 1951, marcou o fim da ocupação pelos Aliados, e após sua ratificação em 28 de abril de 1952, o Japão voltou a ser um Estado independente. (pt) Оккупация Японии союзными войсками (яп. 連合国軍占領下の日本 Рэнго:кокугун сэнрё:ка но Нихон) (англ. Japan under Allied Occupation) проходила с 1945 по 1952 год после капитуляции страны во Второй мировой войне. В течение этого периода Япония не обладала государственным суверенитетом, правительство и император подчинялись Верховному Командующему Союзными войсками. Важнейшей задачей оккупационных войск было проведение демилитаризации Японии. В течение этого периода был проведен Токийский процесс, принята новая Конституция страны и начато восстановление японской экономики. Оккупация закончилась после вступления в силу Сан-Францисского мирного договора. (ru) 同盟国军事佔领日本（日语：連合国軍占領下の日本／れんごうこくぐんせんりょうかのにほん Rengōkokugun senryōka no nihon */?，英語：Occupation of Japan），又稱盟總時期，是指日本於第二次世界大戰戰敗並無條件投降後，由美国為首的同盟國实施軍事佔領的時期，自1945年（昭和20年）9月2日日本投降後正式開始，至1952年（昭和27年）4月28日《舊金山和約》生效後結束。 名義上，同盟國對日本的軍事佔領是由戰時與日本相關的國家共同負責，實際上均由美國主導。在這段時間內，日本政府仍然正常運作，但受同盟國的駐日盟軍總司令部（GHQ）掌控。為消除戰前日本軍國主義的餘緒，佔領當局對於日本實施許多變革，而其中最大的影響是政治制度的改造，透過制定新憲法，使得日本從明治時代以來的帝國體制轉型成為自由民主制國家，不允許在國際上使用武力，也放棄宣戰權。 (zh) Окупа́ція Япо́нії — період в історії Японії з 1945 по 1952 рік, коли країна була окупована силами союзників після поразки у Другій світовій війні. Ця іноземна присутність відзначає єдиний раз в історії Японії, коли вона була окупована іноземною державою. З підписанням 8 вересня 1951 мирного договору у Сан-Франциско Японія відновила себе як рівноправний член світової спільноти, а 28 квітня 1952, разом із набуттям чинності договору, повернула собі суверенітет і поклала край окупації. (uk) |
| dbo:dissolutionDate | 1952-04-28 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:dissolutionYear | 1952-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:foundingDate | 1945-08-28 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:foundingYear | 1945-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:language | dbr:English_language dbr:Japanese_Language |
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| dbp:conventionalLongName | Occupation of Japan (en) |
| dbp:dateEnd | 0001-04-28 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:dateEvent | 1945-09-02 (xsd:date) 1945-10-25 (xsd:date) 1947-05-03 (xsd:date) 1948-08-15 (xsd:date) 1948-09-09 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:datePre | 1945-08-15 (xsd:date) |
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| dbp:event | dbr:Constitution_of_Japan dbr:North_Korea dbr:Surrender_of_Japan dbr:South_Korea Transfer of the administration of Taiwan and Pescadores to China (en) |
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| dbp:eventPre | dbr:Surrender_of_Japan |
| dbp:eventStart | Occupation begins (en) |
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| dbp:flagP | Merchant flag of Japan .svg (en) |
| dbp:flagS | Flag of the Republic of China.svg (en) Merchant flag of Japan .svg (en) Flag of the Soviet Union .svg (en) Flag of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.svg (en) US flag 48 stars.svg (en) |
| dbp:flagType | Left: Civil and naval ensign (en) Right: State flag (en) |
| dbp:flagTypeArticle | Flag of Japan#U.S. occupation (en) |
| dbp:imageFlag | Merchant flag of Japan .svg (en) Flag of Allied Occupied Japan.svg (en) |
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| dbp:imageMapCaption | Map of Japan under Allied occupation # Japanese archipelago, placed under the authority of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers , effective 1945–1952 # Japanese Taiwan and the Spratly Islands, placed under the authority of China # Karafuto Prefecture and the Kuril Islands, placed under the authority of the Soviet Union # Japanese Korea south of the 38th parallel north, placed under the authority of the United States Army Military Government in Korea, granted independence in 1948 as South Korea # Kwantung Leased Territory, occupied by the Soviet Union 1945–1955, returned to China in 1955 # Japanese Korea north of the 38th parallel north, placed under the authority of the Soviet Civil Administration, granted independence in 1948 as North Korea # South Pacific Mandate, occupied by the United States 1945–1947, converted into the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands in 1947 (en) |
| dbp:leader | dbr:General_(United_States) dbr:Douglas_MacArthur Gen. Matthew Ridgway (en) |
| dbp:name | (Rengōkoku gunji senryō-ka no Nihon) (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Al final de la Segona Guerra Mundial, el Japó va ser ocupat per les forces aliades, liderades pels Estats Units amb contribucions per part d'Austràlia, l'Índia britànica, el Regne Unit i Nova Zelanda. Aquesta presència d'ocupació estrangera va constituir la primera vegada que la nació-illa era ocupada per una potència estrangera des de la seva unificació. El Tractat de San Francisco signat el 8 de setembre de 1951 va entrar en vigor el 28 d'abril de 1952 i va marcar la fi de l'ocupació aliada. (ca) Okupace Japonska spojeneckými silami, označovaná jako Operace Blacklist, probíhala od roku 1945 do roku 1952. V tomto období bylo japonské souostroví a území osvobozená od japonské nadvlády pod kontrolou spojeneckých sil, z nichž největší vliv měly Spojené státy. Oficiální hlavou státu zůstal nadále císař Hirohito (byl na trůně až do své smrti v roce 1989), faktickou vládu však vykonávala okupační správa v čele s generálem Douglasem MacArthurem. Okupace se nevztahovala na souostroví Rjúkjú, které bylo do roku 1950 pod kontrolou samostatné vojenské vlády USA, posléze pod civilní správou, a Japonsku navráceno roku 1972. (cs) Die Besatzungszeit in Japan begann am 2. September 1945 mit der Kapitulation Japans, die das Ende des Pazifikkriegs und damit des Zweiten Weltkriegs darstellte. Mit dem am 8. September 1951 geschlossenen Friedensvertrag von San Francisco wurde auf den japanischen Hauptinseln die Besatzungszeit beendet. Die Vereinigten Staaten stellten als ehemaliger Hauptgegner den Großteil der Besatzungstruppen, dazu kamen britische Soldaten in deutlich geringerer Anzahl. Es war das erste Mal in der japanischen Geschichte, dass die Inselnation von fremden Mächten besetzt wurde. Die Besatzung verwandelte das Japanische Kaiserreich in eine Parlamentarische Demokratie, die teilweise auf dem US-amerikanischen New Deal basierte. (de) La ocupación de Japón se dio al finalizar la Segunda Guerra Mundial por las fuerzas aliadas, lideradas por los Estados Unidos con contribuciones de parte de Canadá, Australia, el Reino Unido y Nueva Zelanda. Esta presencia de ocupación extranjera constituyó la primera vez que la nación-isla era ocupada por una potencia extranjera desde su unificación. El Tratado de San Francisco fue firmado el 8 de septiembre de 1951 y marcó el fin de la ocupación aliada, entrando subsecuentemente en vigor el 28 de abril de 1952, cuando Japón se convirtió de nuevo en un Estado, ahora condicionadamente independiente. (es) 連合国軍占領下の日本（れんごうこくぐんせんりょうかのにほん）では、第二次世界大戦における日本の敗戦からサンフランシスコ平和条約締結までの約7年間にわたり、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部（GHQ／SCAP）の占領下に置かれた日本について解説する。 占領の形態について戦時占領説、保障占領説、特殊占領説がある。連合国は日本の占領を戦時占領とも保障占領ともとれる扱いを行っており、純粋な戦時占領や保障占領ではない特殊占領であるという見方が多い。 (ja) 연합군 점령하 일본(일본어: 連合国軍占領下の日本 렌고쿠군센료카노니혼[*], 영어: Occupation of Japan)은 1945년부터 1952년까지 연합국 점령하의 일본이 재구성되는 시기로, 일본 제국이 패망한 후 연합국에게 지배를 당한 시기이다. 블랙리스트 작전(Operation Blacklist)이라는 암호명으로 불린 점령 작전은 샌프란시스코 강화 조약이 1951년 9월 8일 조인되고 1952년 4월 28일 발효되어 류큐 제도를 제외한 일본의 주권이 완전히 회복되면서 종료되었다. (ko) De bezetting van Japan was een zeven jaar durende periode waarin Japan werd bezet door de geallieerden, onder leiding van de Verenigde Staten. De bezetting begon op 28 augustus 1945, 14 dagen nadat Japan zich over had gegeven tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog, en duurde tot 28 april 1952. Het is tot op heden de enige keer in de geschiedenis van Japan dat het land door een buitenlandse troepenmacht werd bezet. (nl) L'occupazione del Giappone avvenne alla fine della seconda guerra mondiale quando l'Impero giapponese fu occupato militarmente dalle potenze alleate vincitrici, guidate dagli Stati Uniti con contributi da parte del Regno Unito. Questa presenza segnò la prima occupazione del Paese da parte di potenze straniere. Il Trattato di San Francisco, firmato l'8 settembre 1951, marcò la fine dell'occupazione alleata, ma solo con la sua entrata in vigore, avvenuta il 28 aprile 1952, il Giappone tornò ad essere uno Stato completamente indipendente. (it) Оккупация Японии союзными войсками (яп. 連合国軍占領下の日本 Рэнго:кокугун сэнрё:ка но Нихон) (англ. Japan under Allied Occupation) проходила с 1945 по 1952 год после капитуляции страны во Второй мировой войне. В течение этого периода Япония не обладала государственным суверенитетом, правительство и император подчинялись Верховному Командующему Союзными войсками. Важнейшей задачей оккупационных войск было проведение демилитаризации Японии. В течение этого периода был проведен Токийский процесс, принята новая Конституция страны и начато восстановление японской экономики. Оккупация закончилась после вступления в силу Сан-Францисского мирного договора. (ru) 同盟国军事佔领日本（日语：連合国軍占領下の日本／れんごうこくぐんせんりょうかのにほん Rengōkokugun senryōka no nihon */?，英語：Occupation of Japan），又稱盟總時期，是指日本於第二次世界大戰戰敗並無條件投降後，由美国為首的同盟國实施軍事佔領的時期，自1945年（昭和20年）9月2日日本投降後正式開始，至1952年（昭和27年）4月28日《舊金山和約》生效後結束。 名義上，同盟國對日本的軍事佔領是由戰時與日本相關的國家共同負責，實際上均由美國主導。在這段時間內，日本政府仍然正常運作，但受同盟國的駐日盟軍總司令部（GHQ）掌控。為消除戰前日本軍國主義的餘緒，佔領當局對於日本實施許多變革，而其中最大的影響是政治制度的改造，透過制定新憲法，使得日本從明治時代以來的帝國體制轉型成為自由民主制國家，不允許在國際上使用武力，也放棄宣戰權。 (zh) Окупа́ція Япо́нії — період в історії Японії з 1945 по 1952 рік, коли країна була окупована силами союзників після поразки у Другій світовій війні. Ця іноземна присутність відзначає єдиний раз в історії Японії, коли вона була окупована іноземною державою. З підписанням 8 вересня 1951 мирного договору у Сан-Франциско Японія відновила себе як рівноправний член світової спільноти, а 28 квітня 1952, разом із набуттям чинності договору, повернула собі суверенітет і поклала край окупації. (uk) عند نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية تم احتلال اليابان من قبل قوات الحلفاء بقيادة الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية بالاشتراك مع المملكة المتحدة وأستراليا. كانت تلك هي المرة الأولى في التاريخ الذي احتلت فيه اليابان من قبل دولة أجنبية. انتهى الاحتلال بتوقيع معاهدة السلام في سان فرانسيسكو في 8 سبتمبر 1951، وبتطبيق الاتفاقية في 28 أبريل 1952 رجعت اليابان دولة مستقلة من جديد. (ar) Της συμμαχικής κατοχής της Ιαπωνίας στο τέλος του Β' Παγκόσμιου Πολέμου ηγήθηκαν οι Η.Π.Α. των οποίων ο πρόεδρος Χάρυ Τρούμαν διόρισε τον στρατηγό Ντάγκλας Μακάρθουρ ως με την υποστήριξη της Βρετανικής Κοινοπολιτείας. Σε αντίθεση με την Γερμανική κατοχή, η Σοβιετική Ένωση δεν συμμετείχε. Οι δυνάμεις Κατοχής επέφεραν ουσιαστικές και σημαντικές αλλαγές στην δομή του ιαπωνικού κράτους - τερματίζοντας και την αυτοκρατορική περίοδο της χώρας. (el) La Okupacio de Japanio fare de Aliancanoj fine de la Dua Mondmilito estis estrita de la Generalo Douglas MacArthur, nome Supera Komandanto de la Aliancaj Armeoj, kun subteno de la Brita Komunumo. Malkiel ĉe la Okupacio de Germanio, Sovetunio ne estis rajtigita influi super Japanio. Tiu eksterlanda ĉeesto markis la nuran fojon en la historio de Japanio kiam ĝi estis okupaciita de eksterlanda potenco. La lando iĝis parlamenta demokratio kiu kongruis kun la prioritatoj de la 1930-aj jaroj en la tiam nova politiko "New Deal" de Roosevelt. Tiu okupacio, kun kodonomo Operaco Nigra Listo, finis per la San-Francisko Pactraktato, subskribita la 8an de septembro, 1951, kaj valida el la 28a de aprilo, 1952, post kio la suvereneco de Japanio – kun la escepto, ĝis 1972, de la Rjukjua Insularo – estis t (eo) Japan was occupied and administered by the victorious Allies of World War II from the 1945 surrender of the Empire of Japan at the end of the war until theTreaty of San Francisco took effect in 1952. The occupation, led by the United States with support from the British Commonwealth and under the supervision of the Far Eastern Commission, involved a total of nearly 1 million Allied soldiers. The occupation was overseen by American General Douglas MacArthur, who was appointed Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers by US President Harry Truman; MacArthur was succeeded as supreme commander by General Matthew Ridgway in 1951. Unlike in the occupation of Germany, the Soviet Union had little to no influence over the occupation of Japan, declining to participate because it did not want to place (en) L'occupation du Japon est une période de l'histoire du Japon qui commence en septembre 1945 et s'achève en septembre 1952. Le commandant en chef des forces alliées dans le Pacifique, le général Douglas MacArthur, devient gouverneur militaire du Japon après la signature des actes de capitulation du Japon le 2 septembre 1945, mettant un terme à la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il doit assurer la direction d'un pays exsangue, qui doit rapatrier, au lendemain de la guerre, six millions de combattants sur l’archipel. De plus, le pays doit céder les trois quarts des terres de l'empire qu'il s’était constitué dans le cadre de sa politique expansionniste en Asie (entre 1929 et 1945). (fr) Setelah kekalahan dalam Perang Dunia II, Jepang diduduki oleh pasukan Sekutu, dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat dan didukung oleh Australia, India, Selandia Baru, dan Britania Raya. Pendudukan Jepang ini berlangsung dari tahun 1945 hingga tahun 1952. Pendudukan tersebut mencakup juga bidang pendidikan dan pemerintahan. Banyak wilayah masyarakat Jepang yang terpengaruh selama masa ini. Pada tahun 1946, dalam pidato , Kaisar Hirohito secara resmi menyatakan bahwa ia bukan dewa. Tradisi kultus raja tersebut akhirnya berakhir setelah berlangsung selama berabad-abad. (in) A Ocupação do Japão pelas Forças Aliadas foi um período da história do Japão que compreendeu o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, em 14 de agosto de 1945, até o fim da ocupação pelos Aliados em 28 de abril de 1952. A ocupação foi encabeçada pelos Estados Unidos, com a contribuição de Austrália, Índia, Nova Zelândia e Reino Unido. Com esta presença estrangeira, pela primeira vez em sua história o Japão se viu ocupado por um poder externo. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | احتلال اليابان (ar) Ocupació del Japó (ca) Spojenecká okupace Japonska (cs) Occupation of Japan (en) Besatzungszeit in Japan (de) Κατοχή της Ιαπωνίας (1945-1952) (el) Okupacio de Japanio (eo) Ocupación de Japón (es) Pendudukan Sekutu atas Jepang (in) Occupation du Japon (fr) Occupazione del Giappone (it) 連合国軍占領下の日本 (ja) 연합군 점령하 일본 (ko) Bezetting van Japan (nl) Ocupação do Japão (pt) Оккупация Японии (ru) 同盟國軍事佔領日本 (zh) Окупація Японії (uk) |
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