Banu Kalb (original) (raw)
Els Banu Kalb o kalbites eren una de les tribus d'Aràbia d'origen iemenita (encara que més endavant, per motius polítics es reclamaven del grup del nord), amb origen comú en Kalb ibn Wabara. Al segon quart del segle vi el cap era Zuhayr ibn Djabab, al que Abraha va enviar a sotmetre als Bakr i Taghlib (taghlibites). Els kalbites es van estendre cap al Djawf i cap a Síria fins Haran; després es van estendre per l'Iraq arribant fins a Fars, i per l'altre costat fins a Egipte. A Síria van estar sota autoritat dels reis ghassànides, vassalls romans d'Orient, i es van convertir al cristianisme monofisita.
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| dbo:abstract | Els Banu Kalb o kalbites eren una de les tribus d'Aràbia d'origen iemenita (encara que més endavant, per motius polítics es reclamaven del grup del nord), amb origen comú en Kalb ibn Wabara. Al segon quart del segle vi el cap era Zuhayr ibn Djabab, al que Abraha va enviar a sotmetre als Bakr i Taghlib (taghlibites). Els kalbites es van estendre cap al Djawf i cap a Síria fins Haran; després es van estendre per l'Iraq arribant fins a Fars, i per l'altre costat fins a Egipte. A Síria van estar sota autoritat dels reis ghassànides, vassalls romans d'Orient, i es van convertir al cristianisme monofisita. (ca) بنو كلب قبيلة عربية من قضاعة. (ar) The Banu Kalb (Arabic: بنو كلب) was an Arab tribe which mainly dwelt in the desert between northwestern Arabia and central Syria. The Kalb was involved in the tribal politics of the eastern frontiers of the Byzantine Empire, possibly as early as the 4th century. By the 6th century, the Kalb had largely adopted Christianity and came under the authority of the Ghassanids, the chief Arab federates of the Byzantines. During the lifetime of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, a number of his close companions were Kalbi tribesmen, most prominently Zayd ibn Haritha and Dihya al-Kalbi, but the bulk of the tribe remained Christian at the time of Muhammad's death in 632. They began converting in large numbers when the Muslims made significant progress in the conquest of Byzantine Syria, where the Kalb took a neutral stance. As a massive tribe with considerable military experience, the Kalb was sought after as a key ally by the Muslim state. The leading household of the tribe, the Banu Janab, forged political and marital ties with the Umayyad family, and became the main source of military power of the Syria-based Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) under Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680), Yazid I (r. 680–683), Mu'awiya II (r. 683–684) and Marwan I (r. 684–685). During the Second Muslim Civil War, the Kalb routed its main tribal rival in Syria, the Qays, in the Battle of Marj Rahit, opening a long-running blood feud, in which the Qays eventually gained the advantage. The Kalb was driven out of the Samawa, the desert expanse between southern Syria and Iraq, which it had dominated for decades. By this time, the tribe took up abode in and around Damascus, Palmyra, Homs, the Golan and the upper Jordan Valley. They lost their political influence under the pro-Qaysi caliph Marwan II (r. 744–750), a state which continued under the Iraq-based Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). They gradually lived a settled and semi-nomadic existence in the Ghouta gardens of Damascus, taking part in several rebellions against the state. Those sections of the Kalb which remained nomadic around Palmyra joined the rebel Qarmatian movement in the 10th century. (en) Los Banu Kalb ( árabe: بنو كلب ) fue una de las tribus de Arabia durante la época de Mahoma,con origen común en . Los Banu Kalb se decían descendientes de los Qahtanitas (también denominados yemenitas o yamanitas). Según el hadith de Mahoma, estarán entre los primeros en seguir el . La tribu Banu Kalb se cree que existe mayoritariamente en el noroeste de Siria, especialmente en Homs y . (es) Banu Kalb atau Kalb bin Wabara adalah sebuah suku Arab. Sebelum penaklukan Suriah oleh Muslim pada dasawarsa 630-an, wilayah Kalb terbentang di Arabia barat laut, stepa Tadmur, Samawah (gurun di antara Tadmur dan Efrat), dataran Hawran, serta Dataran Tinggi Golan. Salah satu pusat kekuatan mereka adalah kota Dumat al-Jandal yang terletak di kawasan gurun. Pada abad ke-6, kebanyakan anggota suku Kalb menganut agama Kristen Monofisit. Kemudian, pada masa hidup Nabi Muhammad, beberapa sahabatnya adalah anggota suku Kalb, seperti Zaid bin Haritsah dan , tetapi kebanyakan dari anggota suku ini masih menganut agama Kristen pada masa kematian Muhammad pada tahun 632. Banu Kalb membentuk ikatan politik dan pernikahan dengan Banu Umayyah dan menjadi sumber kekuatan Umayyah pada masa kekuasaan Khalifah Muawiyah I, Yazid I, Muawiyah II, dan Marwan I. Pada masa ini, Banu Kalb sebagai salah satu suku Yaman turut terlibat dalam permusuhan suku Qais–Yaman. Di bawah kepemimpinan suku Kalb, suku Yaman berhasil mengalahkan Qais dalam Pertempuran Marj Rahit pada tahun 684. (in) I Banū Kalb (in arabo: ﺑﻨﻮ ﻛﻠﺐ, ossia "i figli di Kalb [ibn Wabara]"), furono una tribù di origine sudarabica che, una volta islamizzatasi, s'insediò nelle aree steppose (bādiya) che si stendono fra le regioni siriane e quelle irachene. Nel corso del X secolo di fatto controllava la Siria settentrionale assieme alla tribù dei Banū Kilāb, ampiamente rinomadizzatasi dopo che il baricentro politico ed economico del Califfato abbaside s'era spostato verso oriente, abbandonando a se stessa la "colpevole" Siria in cui era fiorito il Califfato antagonista, da loro abbattuto, degli Omayyadi.Tutto ciò agevolò nel secolo successivo, in misura notevole (e spesso sottovalutata dagli storici "occidentalisti" delle Crociate) le successive imprese dei guerrieri cristiani venuti d'oltremare. (it) Кальбиты (также кельбиты, от араб. بنو كلب «бану кальб» или йемениты) — арабские племена из Южной Аравии. Из Аравии в IV—V веках распространились в Палестину, Заиорданье, а также в Сирию, где были поддержкой первых халифов (Омейядов). Кальбиты усваивали культуру покорённых в ходе арабских завоеваний народов и поддерживали идею общемусульманского государства, в отличие от кайситов, которые оставались верными арабским бедуинским традициям и считали неарабское население своими рабами. Соперничество между кальбитами и кайситами доходило до вооружённых столкновений (битва при Мардж-Рахите в 684 году). После гибели Омейядов в 750 году кальбитам удалось получить власть на Сицилии, где представители кальбитов основали одноимённую династию. Они также помогли единственному уцелевшему Омейяду захватить власть на Пиренейском полуострове и основать Кордовский эмират (впоследствии халифат). (ru) Cálbidas, Banu Calbe (Banu Kalb) ou Calbe ibne Uabara (Kalb ibne Wabara) foram uma tribo árabe. Antes da conquista árabe da Síria nos anos 630, seu território abrangeu boa parte do noroeste da Arábia, as estepes palmirenas, o Samaua (deserto entre Palmira e Eufrates), a planície de Haurã e as colinas de Golã. Um de seus principais centros era a . Envolveram-se nos assuntos tribais nas fronteiras orientais do Império Bizantino desde o século IV e provavelmente eram a tribo de Mavia, a rainha beduína do sul da Síria. No século VI, se tornaram cristãos monofisistas e estavam sob a autoridade militar dos gassânidas, vassalos árabes dos bizantinos. Durante a vida do profeta islâmico Maomé, vários de seus companheiros íntimos eram cálbidas, como Zaíde ibne Harita e , mas a maior parte da tribo ainda era cristã no tempo da morte de Maomé em 632. Formaram laços políticos e conjugais com a , e foram a principal fonte de poder militar e político no reinado dos califas Moáuia I, Iázide I, Moáuia II e Maruane I. Foi no início do governo omíada que se tornaram os principais beligerantes na longa disputa entre cáicidas e , sendo a principal tribo dos iemenidas. Sob sua liderança, deram duro golpe aos cáicitas na , em 684. Até então, os cálbidas estavam amplamente concentrados nas estepes ao redor de Homs e Palmira, mas foram expulsos de Samaua no final dos anos 680 pelos cáicidas. (pt) Кальбіти (араб. بنو كلب) — арабські племена з Південної Аравії. Кельбіти (арабською бану-кельб) або ж йеменіти — одна з двох, поряд з кайситами, основних груп південноарабських племен. Значна частина кельбітів ще в IV—V століттях переселилася на північ — в Сирію, Палестину та Зайордання. В Халіфаті на відміну від кайситів, носіїв завойовницьких бедуїнських традиції були прихильниками співробітництва з підкореними народами та засвоєння їх культури. Суперництво між кельбітами і кайситами іноді доходило до збройних зіткнень, прикладом може бути битва при Мардж-Рахіті в 684. Кельбіти були військово-потичною опорою перших Омеядів у сирії. Після падіння цієї династії кельбіти найбільший політичний вплив мали на Сицилії. В Іспанії вони сприяли захопленню влади кордовськими Омеядами. (uk) |
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| dbp:article | Muʿāwiya I b. Abī Sufyān (en) Dūmat al-Djandal (en) |
| dbp:authorLink | Laura Veccia Vaglieri (en) Martin Hinds (en) Gerald Hawting (en) |
| dbp:authorlink | Johann Fück (en) |
| dbp:descended | Kalb ibn Wabara (en) |
| dbp:first | Martin (en) J. W. (en) Gerald R. (en) A. A. (en) L. V. (en) |
| dbp:last | Dixon (en) Hinds (en) Hawting (en) Vaglieri (en) Fück (en) |
| dbp:location | dbr:Homs dbr:Dumat_al-Jandal dbr:Palmyra dbr:Hejaz dbr:Syrian_Desert dbr:Wadi_Sirhan |
| dbp:name | Banu Kalb (en) |
| dbp:nisba | Kalbī (en) |
| dbp:page | 492 (xsd:integer) 624 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:pages | 263 (xsd:integer) 309 (xsd:integer) 493 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:religion | dbr:Monophysite_Christianity Islam (en) |
| dbp:title | Kalb b. Wabara–Pre-Islamic Period (en) Kalb b. Wabara—Islamic Period (en) Yazīd b. Muʿāwiya (en) |
| dbp:type | dbr:Quda'a |
| dbp:url | https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/muawiya-i-SIM_5279 https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/yazid-i-b-muawiya-SIM_8000 |
| dbp:volume | 2 (xsd:integer) 4 (xsd:integer) 7 (xsd:integer) 11 (xsd:integer) |
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| dcterms:subject | dbc:Arabs_in_the_Roman_Empire dbc:Tribes_of_Syria dbc:Wadi_Sirhan dbc:Tribes_of_Arabia dbc:Banu_Kalb |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Tribes |
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| rdfs:comment | Els Banu Kalb o kalbites eren una de les tribus d'Aràbia d'origen iemenita (encara que més endavant, per motius polítics es reclamaven del grup del nord), amb origen comú en Kalb ibn Wabara. Al segon quart del segle vi el cap era Zuhayr ibn Djabab, al que Abraha va enviar a sotmetre als Bakr i Taghlib (taghlibites). Els kalbites es van estendre cap al Djawf i cap a Síria fins Haran; després es van estendre per l'Iraq arribant fins a Fars, i per l'altre costat fins a Egipte. A Síria van estar sota autoritat dels reis ghassànides, vassalls romans d'Orient, i es van convertir al cristianisme monofisita. (ca) بنو كلب قبيلة عربية من قضاعة. (ar) Los Banu Kalb ( árabe: بنو كلب ) fue una de las tribus de Arabia durante la época de Mahoma,con origen común en . Los Banu Kalb se decían descendientes de los Qahtanitas (también denominados yemenitas o yamanitas). Según el hadith de Mahoma, estarán entre los primeros en seguir el . La tribu Banu Kalb se cree que existe mayoritariamente en el noroeste de Siria, especialmente en Homs y . (es) Кальбіти (араб. بنو كلب) — арабські племена з Південної Аравії. Кельбіти (арабською бану-кельб) або ж йеменіти — одна з двох, поряд з кайситами, основних груп південноарабських племен. Значна частина кельбітів ще в IV—V століттях переселилася на північ — в Сирію, Палестину та Зайордання. В Халіфаті на відміну від кайситів, носіїв завойовницьких бедуїнських традиції були прихильниками співробітництва з підкореними народами та засвоєння їх культури. Суперництво між кельбітами і кайситами іноді доходило до збройних зіткнень, прикладом може бути битва при Мардж-Рахіті в 684. Кельбіти були військово-потичною опорою перших Омеядів у сирії. Після падіння цієї династії кельбіти найбільший політичний вплив мали на Сицилії. В Іспанії вони сприяли захопленню влади кордовськими Омеядами. (uk) The Banu Kalb (Arabic: بنو كلب) was an Arab tribe which mainly dwelt in the desert between northwestern Arabia and central Syria. The Kalb was involved in the tribal politics of the eastern frontiers of the Byzantine Empire, possibly as early as the 4th century. By the 6th century, the Kalb had largely adopted Christianity and came under the authority of the Ghassanids, the chief Arab federates of the Byzantines. (en) Banu Kalb atau Kalb bin Wabara adalah sebuah suku Arab. Sebelum penaklukan Suriah oleh Muslim pada dasawarsa 630-an, wilayah Kalb terbentang di Arabia barat laut, stepa Tadmur, Samawah (gurun di antara Tadmur dan Efrat), dataran Hawran, serta Dataran Tinggi Golan. Salah satu pusat kekuatan mereka adalah kota Dumat al-Jandal yang terletak di kawasan gurun. (in) I Banū Kalb (in arabo: ﺑﻨﻮ ﻛﻠﺐ, ossia "i figli di Kalb [ibn Wabara]"), furono una tribù di origine sudarabica che, una volta islamizzatasi, s'insediò nelle aree steppose (bādiya) che si stendono fra le regioni siriane e quelle irachene. (it) Cálbidas, Banu Calbe (Banu Kalb) ou Calbe ibne Uabara (Kalb ibne Wabara) foram uma tribo árabe. Antes da conquista árabe da Síria nos anos 630, seu território abrangeu boa parte do noroeste da Arábia, as estepes palmirenas, o Samaua (deserto entre Palmira e Eufrates), a planície de Haurã e as colinas de Golã. Um de seus principais centros era a . Envolveram-se nos assuntos tribais nas fronteiras orientais do Império Bizantino desde o século IV e provavelmente eram a tribo de Mavia, a rainha beduína do sul da Síria. No século VI, se tornaram cristãos monofisistas e estavam sob a autoridade militar dos gassânidas, vassalos árabes dos bizantinos. (pt) Кальбиты (также кельбиты, от араб. بنو كلب «бану кальб» или йемениты) — арабские племена из Южной Аравии. Из Аравии в IV—V веках распространились в Палестину, Заиорданье, а также в Сирию, где были поддержкой первых халифов (Омейядов). После гибели Омейядов в 750 году кальбитам удалось получить власть на Сицилии, где представители кальбитов основали одноимённую династию. Они также помогли единственному уцелевшему Омейяду захватить власть на Пиренейском полуострове и основать Кордовский эмират (впоследствии халифат). (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Banu Kalb (en) بنو كلب (ar) Banu Kalb (ca) Banu Kalb (es) Banu Kalb (in) Banu Kalb (it) Cálbidas (pt) Кальбиты (племена) (ru) Кальбіти (племена) (uk) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Banu Kalb yago-res:Banu Kalb wikidata:Banu Kalb dbpedia-ar:Banu Kalb dbpedia-ca:Banu Kalb dbpedia-es:Banu Kalb dbpedia-id:Banu Kalb dbpedia-it:Banu Kalb dbpedia-pt:Banu Kalb dbpedia-ru:Banu Kalb dbpedia-sr:Banu Kalb dbpedia-tr:Banu Kalb dbpedia-uk:Banu Kalb http://ur.dbpedia.org/resource/بنو_کلب https://global.dbpedia.org/id/3M6Fi |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Banu_Kalb?oldid=1107524880&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Banu_Kalb_Flag_(25).png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Early_Islamic_Syria,_ca._640s.png |
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| is dbo:occupation of | dbr:Humayd_ibn_Hurayth_ibn_Bahdal |
| is dbo:spouse of | dbr:Abd_Allah_ibn_Yazid |
| is dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates of | dbr:KALB |
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| is dbp:combatant of | dbr:Battle_of_Hama |
| is dbp:lineage of | dbr:Abu_Thawr |
| is dbp:relations of | dbr:Zayd_ibn_Haritha_al-Kalbi |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Banu_Kalb |
