John Smith (explorer) (original) (raw)

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John Smith (6. leden 1579, Willoughby – 21. červen 1631, Londýn) byl anglický voják, cestovatel, jeden z prvních anglických osadníků na území dnešních Spojených států.

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dbo:abstract John Smith (6. leden 1579, Willoughby – 21. červen 1631, Londýn) byl anglický voják, cestovatel, jeden z prvních anglických osadníků na území dnešních Spojených států. (cs) John Smith (Willoughby, Lincolnshire, 9 de gener de 1580 – Londres, 21 de juny de 1631) fou un soldat, mariner i escriptor anglès. És reconegut per ésser el capità del primer assentament britànic a Nord-amèrica. Fou també el primer president de Virginia i per tant el principal mandatari de l'Amèrica Anglosaxona. (ca) كان جون سميث (بالإنجليزية: John Smith)‏ (عُمّد 6 يناير 1580 – توفي 21 يونيو 1631) جنديًا إنجليزيًا ومستكشفًا وحاكمًا استعماريًا وأدميرال نيو إنجلاند ومؤلفًا. لعب دورًا هامًا في تأسيس المستعمرة في جيمستاون، فيرجينيا، أول مستوطنة إنجليزية دائمة في أميركا في بدايات القرن السابع عشر. كان حاكمًا لمستعمرة فيرجينيا بين سبتمبر 1608 وأغسطس 1609، وقاد رحلة استكشافية على طول أنهار فيرجينيا وخليج تشيزبيك، أصبح من خلالها أول مستكشف إنجليزي يرسم خريطة خليج تشيزبيك. لاحقًا، استكشف ساحل نيو إنجلاند ورسم خريطته. حصل على لقب فارس لِما قدمه من خدمات إلى سيغموند باثوري، أمير ترانسلفانيا، وصديقه موسى زيكلي. تأسست جيمستاون عام 1607، ودرّبَ سميث أوائل المستوطنين على الزراعة والعمل، وهكذا أُنقذت المستعمرة من الدمار الباكر. قال على الملأ، «من لا يعمل، لن يأكل» مشيرًا إلى الرسالة الثانية إلى أهل تسالونيكي 3:10. كادت المستعمرة تتدمر بسبب الطقس القاس ونقص الطعام والماء والبرية المحيطة ذات الطبيعة المستنقعية وهجمات الأمريكيين الأصليين. لكن، نجت جيمستاون بقيادة سميث وازدهرت في النهاية. أُجبر سميث على العودة إلى إنجلترا بعد أن تعرض للإصابة بسبب تفجير عرضي للبارود في زورق. كانت كتب سميث وخرائطه ذات أهمية في تشجيع ودعم الاستعمار الإنجليزي للعالم الجديد. أطلق على المنطقة اسم نيو إنجلاند وأشار: «هنا، يمكن لكل رجل أن يكون سيد ومالك عمله وأرضه. ... إن لم يمتلك شيئًا سوى يداه، يمكنه... من خلال المثابرة والاجتهاد أن يصبح ثريًا بسرعة». توفي سميث في لندن عام 1631. (ar) John SMITH (1580-1631) estis angla aventuristo, kiu naskiĝis en Willoughby en la angla provinco Lincolnshire.go john smithLi batalis en Francio kaj Hungario, kie li estis kaptita de la Turkoj, kiuj vendis lin kiel sklavon. Li eskapis al Rusio kaj poste partoprenis ekspedicion al Virginio, Usono. Dum esplorado li estis kaptita de indiĝenoj kaj ŝajne evitis morton nur pro la interveno de Pocahontas [poŭkaHONtes], juna indiĝena princino. Pro sia sukcesa traktado kun la indiĝenoj li estis elektita kiel prezidento de la kolonio James Towne (nuna Jamestown) en Virginio. Li revenis al Anglio en 1609 kaj verkis valorajn raportojn pri siaj vojaĝoj kaj produktis gravajn mapojn. Oni kelkfoje rigardas lin kiel la unuan verkiston de la pro la verkoj pri Virginio, kaj en Pocahontas li kreis unu el la plej daŭraj usonaj mitoj. (eo) John Smith (* 1580 in Alford (Lincolnshire); † 21. Juni 1631 in London) war ein englischer Söldner und Abenteurer. Smith ist als einer der Gründer von Jamestown, der ersten dauerhaften englischen Siedlung in Nordamerika, in die Geschichte eingegangen. Historikern fällt es bis heute schwer, den Wahrheitsgehalt von Smiths Lebensberichten zu ermitteln, da er zu Selbstbespiegelung und zu starken Übertreibungen neigte. In der amerikanischen Folklore wurde er durch seine angebliche Liaison mit der Häuptlingstochter Pocahontas zu einem romantischen Helden verklärt. (de) John Smith Ingalaterrako soldadu, esploratzaile eta idazlea izan zen, Ingalaterra Berriko amirala. , Transilvaniako Printzea, emandako zerbitzuagatik zaldun izendatu zuten. Ipar Amerikako lehenengo sorreran egiteko garrantzitsua bete zuen. buruzagia izan zen 1608ko irailetik 1609ko abuztura arte, eta Chesapeake Badiaren eta Virginiako ibaien esplorazioan parte hartu zuen. (eu) John Smith (baptized 6 January 1580 – 21 June 1631) was an English soldier, explorer, colonial governor, Admiral of New England, and author. He played an important role in the establishment of the colony at Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in America, in the early 17th century. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony between September 1608 and August 1609, and he led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay, during which he became the first English explorer to map the Chesapeake Bay area. Later, he explored and mapped the coast of New England. He was knighted for his services to Sigismund Báthory, Prince of Transylvania, and his friend Mózes Székely. Jamestown was established on May 14, 1607. Smith trained the first settlers to work at farming and fishing, thus saving the colony from early devastation. He publicly stated, "He that will not work, shall not eat", alluding to 2 Thessalonians 3:10. Harsh weather, lack of food and water, the surrounding swampy wilderness, and attacks from Native Americans almost destroyed the colony. With Smith's leadership, however, Jamestown survived and eventually flourished. Smith was forced to return to England after being injured by an accidental explosion of gunpowder in a canoe. Smith's books and maps were important in encouraging and supporting English colonization of the New World. Having named the region of New England, he stated: "Here every man may be master and owner of his owne labour and land. ...If he have nothing but his hands, he may...by industries quickly grow rich." Smith died in London in 1631. (en) John Smith (Willoughby, Lincolnshire, 9 de enero de 1580-Londres, 21 de junio de 1631) fue un soldado, marino y autor inglés. Es generalmente reconocido por establecer el primer asentamiento británico en Norteamérica, Jamestown, y por su breve vinculación con la americana nativa Pocahontas. (es) John Smith (c. Januari 1580 – 21 Juni 1631) adalah seorang tentara, pengelana, dan pengarang Inggris. Ia dikenang akan perannya dalam mendirikan pemukiman Inggris pertama di Jamestown, Virginia. Buku-buku dan peta-petanya menyemangati orang-orang Inggris untuk mengikuti jejaknya di Dunia Baru. (in) John Smith de Jamestown, baptisé le 6 janvier 1580 (sa date de naissance n'est pas connue) en Angleterre et mort le 21 juin 1631, est un navigateur anglais qui fut le capitaine des colons de Jamestown, en Virginie. Après une jeunesse aventureuse, où il combattit notamment les Turcs et fut capturé, il répondit à l’appel colonisateur de la Virginia Company qui avait obtenu une charte du roi Jacques Ier. (fr) 존 스미스(John Smith, 1580년 - 1631년 6월 21일)는 영국의 군인, 선원 및 작가이다. 현재 미국 버지니아주 윌리엄스버그 시내에 북미에서는 최초의 영국 식민지가 된 제임스타운을 건설했다. 스미스는 미국 원주민인 포우하탄 부족 포우하탄 추장과 언쟁을 하였고, 추장의 딸 포카혼타스와 단기간이지만 교류가 있었던 것으로 알려져 있다. 스미스는 1607년부터 1609년까지, 제임스타운을 본거지로 하는 버지니아 식민지의 지도자였으며, 버지니아 많은 강과 체사피크 만을 탐사했다. 스미스가 쓴 책은 그 업적만큼이나 중요했다. 영국의 많은 남녀가 스미스 개척한 길을 따라 새로운 세계에 개척자가 되었다. 스미스는 미국 북동부도 탐사했고 그 지역에 뉴잉글랜드라는 이름을 붙인 것으로 알려져 있다. 당시 스미스는 "여기라면 누구나 자신이 생각하는 바에 따라 일하고 토지의 소유자가 될 수 ... 만일 일손 밖에 없다 해도, ... 근면하게 일하면 바로 부자가"라고 말해서 사람들을 격려했다. 이것이 강력한 메시지가 되어 이후 4세기 동안 수백만의 사람들을 이 지역으로 끌어오게 되었다. (ko) John Smith è stato un militare, marinaio e scrittore britannico. È ricordato per il suo ruolo di presidente della colonia della Virginia nel 1609, primo insediamento inglese nell'America settentrionale sotto Giacomo I d'Inghilterra con capitale Jamestown, e per la breve collaborazione avuta con la nativa americana Pocahontas durante il conflitto con la Confederazione Powhatan. Nel 1608 pubblicò A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Noate as Hath Hapned in Virginia [sic], primo libro in inglese scritto in America. Guidò numerose esplorazioni lungo i fiumi della Virginia e le coste della Baia di Chesapeake. (it) ジョン・スミス(英: John Smith、1580年–1631年6月21日)はイギリスの軍人、植民請負人、船乗りおよび著作家である。 (ja) Kapitein John Smith (gedoopt in , 1580 - Londen, 21 juni 1631) was een Engelse soldaat, zeeman en de eerste belangrijke 'Amerikaanse' auteur. John Smith was de stichter van de eerste Engelse kolonie in Noord-Amerika: Jamestown. Deze plaats ligt in het huidige Virginia. Hij wordt vaak geassocieerd met Pocahontas, een indiaans meisje van de Powhatan-stam en haar vader , het opperhoofd van de Powhatan. De contacten tussen hen ontstonden ten tijde van confrontaties tussen de Engelsen en de Powhatan-stammenconfederatie, nadat John Smith op ontdekkingstocht ging langs de rivieren van Virginia en de Chesapeake Bay. (nl) John Smith (ur. prawdopodobnie 7 stycznia 1580 w Willoughby, zm. 21 czerwca 1631 w Londynie) – angielski żołnierz, kolonizator, gubernator Wirginii, badacz wybrzeży Ameryki Północnej. (pl) Джон Смит (англ. John Smith; 9 января 1580, — 21 июня (1 июля) 1631, Лондон) — английский писатель и моряк, стоявший у истоков Джеймстауна, первого британского поселения на территории современных США. В воображении широких масс имя капитана Джона Смита связано с пересказанной им самим историей о его «романтической связи» с дочерью индейского вождя по имени Покахонтас. (ru) John Andrew Smith (9 de janeiro de 1580 — 21 de junho de 1631) foi um capitão da Marinha Real Britânica. (pt) John Smith, född 1580 i Willoughby nära , Lincolnshire, död 21 juni 1631, var en engelsk kolonisatör. Efter ett äventyrligt liv under ungdomsåren deltog han i kolonisationen av Virginia. 1607 seglade han uppför Jamesfloden, där han togs tillfånga av indianerna. 1624 skrev han en bok där han berättade historien om hur han räddas till livet tack vare den unga indianskan Pocahontas mod. Han var president i den Nordamerikanska kolonin 1608-1609. Han utforskade New England 1614, som han namngav, och publicerade såväl broschyrer om Amerika som en självbiografi. (sv) 约翰·史密斯(英語:John Smith,1580年1月-1631年6月21日),大英帝國士兵、探险家。他在北美洲建立了第一座永久性英属殖民地詹姆斯镇。 (zh) Джон Сміт (англ. John Smith; 9 січня 1580, , Англія — 21 червня 1631, Лондон) — англійський письменник і моряк, один із засновників і лідерів Джеймстауна — першого англійського поселення на території сучасних США. Відомий як капітан Джон Сміт, або Джон Сміт Джеймстаунський, американський національний герой. Особливу популярність отримав завдяки історії про дочку індіанського вождя племені повхатан на ім'я Покахонтас, викладеній в його книжках. (uk)
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dbp:caption Captain John Smith Admiral of New England (en)
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dbp:knownFor Helping to establish and govern the Jamestown colony (en)
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dbp:source William Randel (en)
dbp:text Realizing that the very existence of the colony depended on peace, he never thought of trying to exterminate the natives. Only after his departure were there bitter wars and massacres, the natural results of a more hostile policy. In his writings, Smith reveals the attitudes behind his actions. (en)
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rdfs:comment John Smith (6. leden 1579, Willoughby – 21. červen 1631, Londýn) byl anglický voják, cestovatel, jeden z prvních anglických osadníků na území dnešních Spojených států. (cs) John Smith (Willoughby, Lincolnshire, 9 de gener de 1580 – Londres, 21 de juny de 1631) fou un soldat, mariner i escriptor anglès. És reconegut per ésser el capità del primer assentament britànic a Nord-amèrica. Fou també el primer president de Virginia i per tant el principal mandatari de l'Amèrica Anglosaxona. (ca) John Smith (* 1580 in Alford (Lincolnshire); † 21. Juni 1631 in London) war ein englischer Söldner und Abenteurer. Smith ist als einer der Gründer von Jamestown, der ersten dauerhaften englischen Siedlung in Nordamerika, in die Geschichte eingegangen. Historikern fällt es bis heute schwer, den Wahrheitsgehalt von Smiths Lebensberichten zu ermitteln, da er zu Selbstbespiegelung und zu starken Übertreibungen neigte. In der amerikanischen Folklore wurde er durch seine angebliche Liaison mit der Häuptlingstochter Pocahontas zu einem romantischen Helden verklärt. (de) John Smith Ingalaterrako soldadu, esploratzaile eta idazlea izan zen, Ingalaterra Berriko amirala. , Transilvaniako Printzea, emandako zerbitzuagatik zaldun izendatu zuten. Ipar Amerikako lehenengo sorreran egiteko garrantzitsua bete zuen. buruzagia izan zen 1608ko irailetik 1609ko abuztura arte, eta Chesapeake Badiaren eta Virginiako ibaien esplorazioan parte hartu zuen. (eu) John Smith (Willoughby, Lincolnshire, 9 de enero de 1580-Londres, 21 de junio de 1631) fue un soldado, marino y autor inglés. Es generalmente reconocido por establecer el primer asentamiento británico en Norteamérica, Jamestown, y por su breve vinculación con la americana nativa Pocahontas. (es) John Smith (c. Januari 1580 – 21 Juni 1631) adalah seorang tentara, pengelana, dan pengarang Inggris. Ia dikenang akan perannya dalam mendirikan pemukiman Inggris pertama di Jamestown, Virginia. Buku-buku dan peta-petanya menyemangati orang-orang Inggris untuk mengikuti jejaknya di Dunia Baru. (in) John Smith de Jamestown, baptisé le 6 janvier 1580 (sa date de naissance n'est pas connue) en Angleterre et mort le 21 juin 1631, est un navigateur anglais qui fut le capitaine des colons de Jamestown, en Virginie. Après une jeunesse aventureuse, où il combattit notamment les Turcs et fut capturé, il répondit à l’appel colonisateur de la Virginia Company qui avait obtenu une charte du roi Jacques Ier. (fr) 존 스미스(John Smith, 1580년 - 1631년 6월 21일)는 영국의 군인, 선원 및 작가이다. 현재 미국 버지니아주 윌리엄스버그 시내에 북미에서는 최초의 영국 식민지가 된 제임스타운을 건설했다. 스미스는 미국 원주민인 포우하탄 부족 포우하탄 추장과 언쟁을 하였고, 추장의 딸 포카혼타스와 단기간이지만 교류가 있었던 것으로 알려져 있다. 스미스는 1607년부터 1609년까지, 제임스타운을 본거지로 하는 버지니아 식민지의 지도자였으며, 버지니아 많은 강과 체사피크 만을 탐사했다. 스미스가 쓴 책은 그 업적만큼이나 중요했다. 영국의 많은 남녀가 스미스 개척한 길을 따라 새로운 세계에 개척자가 되었다. 스미스는 미국 북동부도 탐사했고 그 지역에 뉴잉글랜드라는 이름을 붙인 것으로 알려져 있다. 당시 스미스는 "여기라면 누구나 자신이 생각하는 바에 따라 일하고 토지의 소유자가 될 수 ... 만일 일손 밖에 없다 해도, ... 근면하게 일하면 바로 부자가"라고 말해서 사람들을 격려했다. 이것이 강력한 메시지가 되어 이후 4세기 동안 수백만의 사람들을 이 지역으로 끌어오게 되었다. (ko) John Smith è stato un militare, marinaio e scrittore britannico. È ricordato per il suo ruolo di presidente della colonia della Virginia nel 1609, primo insediamento inglese nell'America settentrionale sotto Giacomo I d'Inghilterra con capitale Jamestown, e per la breve collaborazione avuta con la nativa americana Pocahontas durante il conflitto con la Confederazione Powhatan. Nel 1608 pubblicò A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Noate as Hath Hapned in Virginia [sic], primo libro in inglese scritto in America. Guidò numerose esplorazioni lungo i fiumi della Virginia e le coste della Baia di Chesapeake. (it) ジョン・スミス(英: John Smith、1580年–1631年6月21日)はイギリスの軍人、植民請負人、船乗りおよび著作家である。 (ja) Kapitein John Smith (gedoopt in , 1580 - Londen, 21 juni 1631) was een Engelse soldaat, zeeman en de eerste belangrijke 'Amerikaanse' auteur. John Smith was de stichter van de eerste Engelse kolonie in Noord-Amerika: Jamestown. Deze plaats ligt in het huidige Virginia. Hij wordt vaak geassocieerd met Pocahontas, een indiaans meisje van de Powhatan-stam en haar vader , het opperhoofd van de Powhatan. De contacten tussen hen ontstonden ten tijde van confrontaties tussen de Engelsen en de Powhatan-stammenconfederatie, nadat John Smith op ontdekkingstocht ging langs de rivieren van Virginia en de Chesapeake Bay. (nl) John Smith (ur. prawdopodobnie 7 stycznia 1580 w Willoughby, zm. 21 czerwca 1631 w Londynie) – angielski żołnierz, kolonizator, gubernator Wirginii, badacz wybrzeży Ameryki Północnej. (pl) Джон Смит (англ. John Smith; 9 января 1580, — 21 июня (1 июля) 1631, Лондон) — английский писатель и моряк, стоявший у истоков Джеймстауна, первого британского поселения на территории современных США. В воображении широких масс имя капитана Джона Смита связано с пересказанной им самим историей о его «романтической связи» с дочерью индейского вождя по имени Покахонтас. (ru) John Andrew Smith (9 de janeiro de 1580 — 21 de junho de 1631) foi um capitão da Marinha Real Britânica. (pt) John Smith, född 1580 i Willoughby nära , Lincolnshire, död 21 juni 1631, var en engelsk kolonisatör. Efter ett äventyrligt liv under ungdomsåren deltog han i kolonisationen av Virginia. 1607 seglade han uppför Jamesfloden, där han togs tillfånga av indianerna. 1624 skrev han en bok där han berättade historien om hur han räddas till livet tack vare den unga indianskan Pocahontas mod. Han var president i den Nordamerikanska kolonin 1608-1609. Han utforskade New England 1614, som han namngav, och publicerade såväl broschyrer om Amerika som en självbiografi. (sv) 约翰·史密斯(英語:John Smith,1580年1月-1631年6月21日),大英帝國士兵、探险家。他在北美洲建立了第一座永久性英属殖民地詹姆斯镇。 (zh) Джон Сміт (англ. John Smith; 9 січня 1580, , Англія — 21 червня 1631, Лондон) — англійський письменник і моряк, один із засновників і лідерів Джеймстауна — першого англійського поселення на території сучасних США. Відомий як капітан Джон Сміт, або Джон Сміт Джеймстаунський, американський національний герой. Особливу популярність отримав завдяки історії про дочку індіанського вождя племені повхатан на ім'я Покахонтас, викладеній в його книжках. (uk) كان جون سميث (بالإنجليزية: John Smith)‏ (عُمّد 6 يناير 1580 – توفي 21 يونيو 1631) جنديًا إنجليزيًا ومستكشفًا وحاكمًا استعماريًا وأدميرال نيو إنجلاند ومؤلفًا. لعب دورًا هامًا في تأسيس المستعمرة في جيمستاون، فيرجينيا، أول مستوطنة إنجليزية دائمة في أميركا في بدايات القرن السابع عشر. كان حاكمًا لمستعمرة فيرجينيا بين سبتمبر 1608 وأغسطس 1609، وقاد رحلة استكشافية على طول أنهار فيرجينيا وخليج تشيزبيك، أصبح من خلالها أول مستكشف إنجليزي يرسم خريطة خليج تشيزبيك. لاحقًا، استكشف ساحل نيو إنجلاند ورسم خريطته. حصل على لقب فارس لِما قدمه من خدمات إلى سيغموند باثوري، أمير ترانسلفانيا، وصديقه موسى زيكلي. (ar) John SMITH (1580-1631) estis angla aventuristo, kiu naskiĝis en Willoughby en la angla provinco Lincolnshire.go john smithLi batalis en Francio kaj Hungario, kie li estis kaptita de la Turkoj, kiuj vendis lin kiel sklavon. Li eskapis al Rusio kaj poste partoprenis ekspedicion al Virginio, Usono. Dum esplorado li estis kaptita de indiĝenoj kaj ŝajne evitis morton nur pro la interveno de Pocahontas [poŭkaHONtes], juna indiĝena princino. Pro sia sukcesa traktado kun la indiĝenoj li estis elektita kiel prezidento de la kolonio James Towne (nuna Jamestown) en Virginio. (eo) John Smith (baptized 6 January 1580 – 21 June 1631) was an English soldier, explorer, colonial governor, Admiral of New England, and author. He played an important role in the establishment of the colony at Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in America, in the early 17th century. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony between September 1608 and August 1609, and he led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay, during which he became the first English explorer to map the Chesapeake Bay area. Later, he explored and mapped the coast of New England. He was knighted for his services to Sigismund Báthory, Prince of Transylvania, and his friend Mózes Székely. (en)
rdfs:label جون سميث (مستكشف) (ar) John Smith (ca) John Smith (cestovatel) (cs) John Smith (Abenteurer) (de) Τζον Σμιθ (el) John Smith (eo) John Smith (explorador) (es) John Smith (kapitaina) (eu) John Smith (penjelajah) (in) John Smith de Jamestown (fr) John Smith (explorer) (en) John Smith (esploratore) (it) 존 스미스 (탐험가) (ko) ジョン・スミス (探検家) (ja) John Smith (ontdekkingsreiziger) (nl) John Smith (żołnierz) (pl) John Smith (pt) Смит, Джон (капитан) (ru) John Smith (kolonisatör) (sv) Джон Сміт (дослідник) (uk) 约翰·史密斯 (探险家) (zh)
rdfs:seeAlso dbr:History_of_Virginia_on_stamps
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is foaf:primaryTopic of wikipedia-en:John_Smith_(explorer)