Powhatan (original) (raw)
Els powhatan eren una confederació de pobles de llengua algonquina fundada poc abans de l'arribada dels europeus a Virgínia, també anomenada pamunkey, que vol dir "turó inclinat". La confederació comptava amb una trentena de tribus: * Els vuit dominats d'antuvi per Powhatan: powhatan, arrohateck, appamatuck, orapack, chickahominy, youghtenund, pamunkey, mattapony, werowocomoco i kiskiack. * Les que s'uniren més tard: nansemond, warraskoyack, weanock, quiyoughcohannock, chesapeake, paspapegh, payankatank, accomac, rappahanok, potomac, wicocomoco, accohanoc i upper mattapony.
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| dbo:abstract | Els powhatan eren una confederació de pobles de llengua algonquina fundada poc abans de l'arribada dels europeus a Virgínia, també anomenada pamunkey, que vol dir "turó inclinat". La confederació comptava amb una trentena de tribus: * Els vuit dominats d'antuvi per Powhatan: powhatan, arrohateck, appamatuck, orapack, chickahominy, youghtenund, pamunkey, mattapony, werowocomoco i kiskiack. * Les que s'uniren més tard: nansemond, warraskoyack, weanock, quiyoughcohannock, chesapeake, paspapegh, payankatank, accomac, rappahanok, potomac, wicocomoco, accohanoc i upper mattapony. (ca) Mit Powhatan, Powatan oder Powhatan-Konföderation wird ein im 17. Jahrhundert mächtiges Häuptlingstum aus mehr als 30 Indianerstämmen der Küstenregion um östlich der Fall Line und nördlich der Great Dismal Swamps im Osten des heutigen US-Bundesstaats Virginia bezeichnet. Der Name leitet sich aus der indigenen Bezeichnung Powhatan (Powatan) / Paqwachowng für das Dorf und den dort siedelnden Stamm (in der Nähe der heutigen Hauptstadt Virginias – Richmond) sowie des ab hier schiffbaren Flusslaufs des James River (vormals: Powhatan River) bis zur Chesapeake Bay ab, da deren Häuptling die Konföderation zwischen 1597 und 1607 aufgebaut hatte. Die Engländer übernahmen diesen Namen und bezeichneten das Stammesbündnis als auch dessen Oberhäuptling (Paramount chief) Wahunsonacock als Powhatan bzw. als Chief/King Powhatan. Die Stämme des Bündnisses zählten sprachlich als auch kulturell zu den Virginia-Algonkin und werden zusammen mit den North-Carolina-Algonkin im Süden allgemein unter dem Begriff Südöstliche Algonkin zusammengefasst. Die Stämme sprachen alle verschiedene, jedoch untereinander gegenseitig verständliche Dialekte des Powhatan oder Virginia-Algonkin, das ebenso wie das Carolina-Algonkin (auch: Pamlico) zu den Östlichen Algonkin-Sprachen zählt. (de) La Paŭhatanoj (aŭ Powhatan, Powatan, Powhaten) aŭ Powhatan Renape (litere, la paŭhatanaj homoj, estas nomo de indiana tribo de Nord-Ameriko. Ĝi estas ankaŭ la nomo de potenca konfederacio de triboj, kiun ili gvidis. Konataj ankaŭ kiel la Virginiaj Algonkinoj, ili parolis orient-algonkinan lingvon, nomata ankaŭ paŭhatana lingvo, kaj vivis en la nuna orienta parto de Virginio kiam alvenis la unuaj anglaj setlistoj. (eo) Powhatan (Powatan edo Powhaten ere idatzia) Ameriketako tribu baten izena da, beraiek menperatzen zuten tribuen konfederazio boteretsu baten nagusia, Tsenacomoco izenekoa. Algonkin hizkuntza hitz egiten zuten eta gaur egungo Virginia estatuan bizi ziren bertakoen eta ingelesen arteko lehen topaketen garaian. Powhatan Wahunsunacock, erregea edo , sortu zen hiriaren jatorrizko izena ere bada (eta bertan dagoen Richmond, Virginia hiria gaur egun), baita kokatuta zegoen ibaiaren izena ere (egun deitua). Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes entziklopediaren arabera, Powhatan "jauzietan" esan nahi duen algonkin hitza da; Powhatanen asentamendua James ibaiaren jauzietan zegoen. Wahunsunacockek inperio indartsu bat sortu zuenean Virginiaren zatirik handiena konkistatuz, bere lurrak Tenakomakah deitu zituen eta bera Powhatan. Powhatan hiriaren ondoan, izeneko konfederazio honen beste asentamendu bat zegoen. (eu) Los powhatan (también deletreado powatan o powhaten) es el nombre de una tribu nativa americana, la principal de una poderosa confederación de tribus a las cuales dominaron, llamada Tsenacomoco. Hablaban la lengua algonquina y vivían en lo que hoy es el estado de Virginia en el momento de los primeros encuentros entre nativos e ingleses. Powhatan es también el nombre original de la ciudad de la que Wahunsunacock, el rey o jefe Powhatan, vino (y sobre la que hoy se asienta la ciudad de Richmond (Virginia)), al igual que el nombre del río donde estaba situada (llamado hoy en día el río James). Según la enciclopedia Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes, Powhatan es una palabra algonquina que significa "en las cascadas"; el asentamiento de Powhatan se encontraba en las cascadas del río James. Cuando Wahunsunacock creó un poderoso imperio conquistando la mayor parte de Virginia, llamó a sus tierras Tenakomakah y a sí mismo el Powhatan. Al lado de la ciudad de Powhatan, había otro asentamiento de esta confederación llamado . (es) Powhatan (juga dieja Powatan dan Powhaten), adalah nama penduduk asli Amerika. Powhatan juga merupakan nama konfederasi suku yang telah mereka taklukan. Suku Powhatan menghuni bagian timur Virginia dan menuturkan . (in) The Powhatan people (/ˌpaʊhəˈtæn, ˈhætən/; also spelled Powatan) may refer to any of the indigenous Algonquian people that are traditionally from eastern Virginia. All of the Powhatan groups descend from the Powhatan Confederacy. In some instances, The Powhatan may refer to one of the leaders of the people. This is most commonly the case in historical records from English colonial accounts. The Powhatans have also been known as Virginia Algonquians, as the Powhatan language is an eastern-Algonquian language, also known as Virginia Algonquian. It is estimated that there were about 14,000–21,000 Powhatan people in eastern Virginia, when English colonists established Jamestown in 1607. In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, a mamanatowick (paramount chief) named Wahunsenacawh created an organization by affiliating 30 tributary peoples, whose territory was much of eastern Virginia. They called this area Tsenacommacah ("densely inhabited Land"). Wahunsenacawh came to be known by English colonists as "The Powhatan (Chief)". Each of the tribes within this organization had its own weroance (leader, commander), but all paid tribute to The Powhatan (Chief). After Wahunsenacawh's death in 1618, hostilities with colonists escalated under the chiefdom of his brother, Opchanacanough, who sought in vain to expel encroaching English colonists. His large-scale attacks in 1622 and 1644 met strong reprisals by the colonists, resulting in the near elimination of the tribe. By 1646, what is called the Powhatan Paramount Chiefdom by modern historians had been decimated. More important than the ongoing conflicts with the English colonial settlements was the high rate of deaths the Powhatan suffered due to new infectious diseases carried to North America by Europeans, such as measles and smallpox. The Native Americans did not have any immunity to these, which had been endemic to Europe and Asia for centuries. The wholesale deaths greatly weakened and hollowed out the Native American societies. By the mid-17th century, the leaders of the colony were desperate for labor to develop the land. Almost half of the European immigrants to Virginia arrived as indentured servants. As settlement continued, the colonists imported growing numbers of enslaved Africans for labor. By 1700, the colonies had about 6,000 black slaves, one-twelfth of the population. It was common for black slaves to escape and join the surrounding Powhatan; some white servants were also noted to have joined the Natives. Africans and Europeans worked and lived together; some natives also intermarried with them. After Bacon's Rebellion in 1676, the colony enslaved Indians for control. In 1691, the House of Burgesses abolished native slavery; however, many Powhatan were held in servitude well into the 18th century. In the 21st century, eight Native tribes are officially recognized by Virginia as having ancestral ties to the Powhatan confederation. The Pamunkey and Mattaponi are the only two peoples who have retained reservation lands from the 17th century. The competing cultures of the Powhatan and English settlers were united through unions and marriages of members, the most well known of which was that of Pocahontas and John Rolfe. Their son Thomas Rolfe was the ancestor of many Virginians; many of the First Families of Virginia have both English and Virginia Algonquian ancestry. Some survivors of the Powhatan confederacy have relocated elsewhere. Beginning in the late 19th century, individual people identifying collectively as the Powhatan Renape Nation settled a tiny subdivision known as Morrisville and Delair, in Pennsauken Township, New Jersey. Their ancestry is mostly from the Rappahannock tribe of Virginia and the related Nanticoke tribe of Delaware. They have been recognized as a tribe by the state of New Jersey. (en) Les Powhatans sont une ancienne confédération de tribus algonquiennes d’Amérique du Nord ayant vécu dans l’Est de l'actuelle Virginie. (fr) ( 포와탄은 여기로 연결됩니다. 다른 뜻에 대해서는 포와탄 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 포우하탄(Powhatan) 또는 포와탄(Powatan)은 미국 버지니아주 인디언 부족의 이름이다. 또한 포우하탄 족이 지배하는 강력한 부족 연방의 이름이기도 하다. 1607년 버지니아 주에 제임스타운 거주지가 만들어졌을 때 14,000명에서 21,000명의 부족민이 있었던 것으로 추정된다. (ko) Powhatan (scritto anche powatan e powhaten), o powhatan renape (letteralmente, gli "esseri umani powhatan"), è una tribù di nativi americani. È anche il nome di una potente confederazione di tribù da loro dominate. Anche conosciuti come algonchini della Virginia, parlano un algonchino orientale altrimenti detto lingua powhatan, e vivono in ciò che adesso è la parte orientale dell'odierna Virginia. Si ritiene che il nome abbia avuto origine da un villaggio vicino ad un punto navigabile di un grosso fiume, chiamato anch'esso "Powhatan". Tra il XVI ed il XVII secolo, un weroance (capo tribale) chiamato Wahunsunacock (conosciuto anche come Powathan) creò un potente impero conquistando, o affiliandoli tramite accordi, 30 tribù risiedenti in gran parte della Virginia orientale, chiamata ("Terra densamente abitata"),. Tuttavia, con l'approdo dei coloni Inglesi a Jamestown nel 1607, l'invasione dei nuovi arrivati ed il loro costante aumento di numero su quella che era stata terra Indiana, sfociò in conflitti che divennero quasi continui per 37 anni. Dopo la morte di Wahunsunacock nel 1618, le ostilità aumentarono sotto il potere di suo fratello, Opechancanough, che cercò invano di scacciar via gli Europei, capeggiando il Massacro indiano del 1622 e quello del 1644. Questi tentativi generarono delle forti rappresaglie degli Inglesi, che ebbero come risultato la quasi eliminazione della tribù. La Confederazione Powhatan fu largamente distrutta nel 1646. Con l'espansione coloniale che continuava, molti membri si integrarono con gli Europei e con la gente di origine Africana. Parecchi anni dopo la scomparsa della Confederazione Powhatan, alcune miglia a ovest dell'area da loro occupata, la Contea Powhatan nella Virginia coloniale, fu battezzata così in onore di Capo Wahunsunacock, padre di Pocahontas. Nella Virginia del XXI secolo, sette tribù riconosciute sono tutto ciò che rimane della confederazione originale, incluse due riserve (Pamunkey e Mattaponi), alle quali si accede attraverso la Contea di King William. Sebbene le culture di Powhatan e coloni Europei fossero molto diverse, grazie all'unione di Pocahontas con il colono John Rolfe e al loro figlio Thomas Rolfe, molti discendenti delle Prime Famiglie della Virginia hanno potuto vantare sia radici Native Americane che Europee. (it) ポウハタン（英:Powhatan、綴りは Powatan あるいは Powhaten という形もある、あるいはポウハタン・レナペ、英:Powhatan Renape）は、アメリカインディアンの部族名である。またポウハタン族と連携した強力な合議制部族連邦の名前でもある。 (ja) De Powhatan, die aan de oostkust van Noord-Amerika woonden ten tijde van de eerste kolonisten, waren in feite geen zelfstandig volk, maar een confederatie die bestond uit een aantal kleinere indianenvolken die samen een sterke unie vormden. Ze maakten deel uit van de Algonkin-taalfamilie. Tot ongeveer 1400 hadden de volken in een los samenwerkingsverband geleefd, maar in de jaren die volgden ijverden een aantal leiders voor een nauwere vereniging tussen hun volkeren en vormden daarmee een van de weinige Noord-Amerikaanse rijken die wel wat weg hadden van de Mexicaanse beschavingen. Geruime tijd bestond de federatie uit de Powhatans, de Arrohatecks, de Appamattucks, de Pamunkeys, de Mattaponis, en de Chiskiacks; in 1598 sloten ook de Kecoughtans zich onder zware druk van chief Powhatan bij de unie aan, die genoemd werd naar de meeste dominante stam in het gebied. (nl) Powatanowie (ang. Powhatan od alg. Pow-u-'tan lub Pow-'ha-tɘn), federacja plemion Indian Ameryki Północnej z rodziny językowej algonkińskiej zamieszkująca tereny dzisiejszego stanu Wirginia. W skład federacji liczącej w XVII wieku od 9 do 14 tys. ludzi wchodzili , , , , i . Na początku lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku liczebność Ludu Powhatan-Renápe nie przekraczała 450 osób; na początku XXI wieku wzrosła do około 600. Termin „konfederacja” (ang. confederation), używany powszechnie w literaturze, jest nieadekwatny w stosunku do tej grupy Indian. Związek plemion nie nastąpił dobrowolnie, lecz w wyniku podbojów, zastraszeń i nacisków ze strony najsilniejszego plemienia, którego wodzem był Powatan i od którego imienia związek plemion wziął swoją nazwę. (pl) Powhatan var en mäktig indiansk stamkonfederation i Nordamerika som talade ett algonkinskt språk. (sv) Поухатаны (традиционное написание, правильнее поватены, Powhatan, Powatan, Powhaten, Powhatan Renape) — название одного из индейских племён штата Виргиния. Поухатаны были доминирующим племенем в Поухатанской конфедерации индейских племён, существовавшей в начале XVII века и состоявшей из 14—21 тыс. человек, когда первые английские поселенцы основали город Джеймстаун. Также поухатаны известны как «виргинские алгонкины», поскольку поухатанский язык относится к алгонкинской семье. Название «поухатаны» происходит от титула Великого вождя (mamanatowick) по имени Вахунсунакок, с которым встретились первые английские колонисты. Самоназвание — «ренапе», буквально означающее «люди», находится в родстве со словом «ленапе» — самоназванием племени делаваров. После смерти Поухатана в 1618 году племена возглавил его брат Опечанканау, который враждебно относился к англичанам и повёл борьбу за их уничтожение. В ответ на его широкомасштабные атаки в 1622 и 1644 годах англичане ответили репрессиями против племени, которые чуть было не привели к его полному уничтожению. К 1646 году Поухатанская конфедерация перестала существовать, отчасти из-за занесённых европейцами инфекционных болезней. К этому времени в колониях возникла отчаянная нужда в рабочих руках. Почти половина прибывавших в колонии белых служили батраками. По мере расширения колоний европейцы стали ввозить африканских рабов, и к 1700 году их количество составило около 6000 человек — двенадцатая часть населения. Чёрные рабы, а иногда и белые батраки, не выдержав сурового обращения, нередко бежали и присоединялись к жившим в окрестностях поухатанам. В результате возникло много смешанных браков между африканцами, белыми и коренным населением (см. меланджены). После восстания Бэкона в 1676 году власти колонии обратили индейцев в рабство. В 1691 году Палата обывателей приняла решение об отмене индейского рабства, однако фактически многие поухатаны находились в рабстве и в XVIII веке. В XXI веке власти штата признали несколько индейских племён потомками Поухатанской конфедерации. Из них, однако, только памунки и маттапони сохранили в резервации свои исконные земли с 1600-х годов. Благодаря браку дочери поухатанского вождя Покахонтас с Джоном Рольфом часть знатных семейств Виргинии через их сына Томаса Рольфа имеет частично индейское происхождение. (ru) 波瓦坦人（Powhatan /ˌpaʊhəˈtæn, ˈhætən/，有時候也拼作Powhatans、Powatan），或译波哈坦人，也叫弗吉尼亞阿冈昆人（Virginia Algonquians），指弗吉尼亞東部增那寇馬卡（Tsenacommacah）地區的美國原住民。在詹姆斯敦殖民地建立時，東弗吉尼亞共有14,000–21,000波瓦坦人。 16世紀末至17世紀初，波瓦坦人的酋長（mamanatowick）就叫波瓦坦（原名Wahunsenacawh，寶嘉康蒂之父），他在1618年去世，之後他的弟弟Opchanacanough即位，開始驅逐殖民者，結果導致殖民者的報復，波瓦坦人幾乎滅族，波瓦坦部落也不復存在，剩餘的波瓦坦人流落各地。21世紀，弗吉尼亞政府確認有九個美國原住民部落是波瓦坦人的後裔，人口約3,000–3,500。 (zh) Повхатан (англ. Powhatan) — індіанське плем'я, а також конфедерація кількох алгонкінських племен, яка існувала у першій половині ХVIІ століття. Конфедерація була одним з найбільших північноамериканських племінних утворень: у ХVIІ столітті чисельність повхатанів складала приблизно 14-21 тисяч осіб. Спочатку вона складалася з п'яти споріднених племен, а в подальшому — з більш ніж двадцяти. (uk) |
| dbo:language | dbr:English_language dbr:Powhatan_language |
| dbo:populationPlace | dbr:Eastern_Branch_Elizabeth_River |
| dbo:related | dbr:Algonquian_peoples dbr:Massachusett dbr:Nanticoke_people dbr:Lenape dbr:Pamlico |
| dbo:religion | dbr:Christianity dbr:Native_American_religion |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Powhatan_john_smith_map.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:totalPopulation | 3850 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.virginiaplaces.org/nativeamerican/anglopowhatan.html http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/static-legacy/ngm/jamestown/ http://www.powhatan.org/ http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-01/uonc-ucl011906.php http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Autumn05/tyme.cfm http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/jame1/moretti-langholtz/ https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A360475550/AONE%3Fu=tel_a_pstcc&sid=AONE&xid=bdfd2e2c https://web.archive.org/web/20090630144908/http:/www.kunstpedia.com/articles/452/1/The-Indigenous-Maps-and-Mapping-of-North-American-Indians/Page1.html http://www.nbcnews.com/id/10950199 |
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| dbp:group | Powhatan people (en) |
| dbp:languages | Historically Powhatan, in modern context, English (en) |
| dbp:population | 3850 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:regions | Eastern Virginia, Barby (en) |
| dbp:related | Pamlico, Nanticoke, Lenape, Massachusett, and other Algonquian peoples (en) |
| dbp:religions | dbr:Christianity dbr:Native_American_religion |
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| dcterms:subject | dbc:History_of_Virginia dbc:Eastern_Algonquian_languages dbc:Indigenous_languages_of_the_North_American_eastern_woodlands dbc:Algonquian_ethnonyms dbc:Algonquian_peoples dbc:Extinct_languages_of_North_America dbc:Native_American_tribes_in_Maryland dbc:Native_American_tribes_in_New_Jersey dbc:Native_American_tribes_in_Virginia dbc:Powhatan_Confederacy |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:People |
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| rdfs:comment | Els powhatan eren una confederació de pobles de llengua algonquina fundada poc abans de l'arribada dels europeus a Virgínia, també anomenada pamunkey, que vol dir "turó inclinat". La confederació comptava amb una trentena de tribus: * Els vuit dominats d'antuvi per Powhatan: powhatan, arrohateck, appamatuck, orapack, chickahominy, youghtenund, pamunkey, mattapony, werowocomoco i kiskiack. * Les que s'uniren més tard: nansemond, warraskoyack, weanock, quiyoughcohannock, chesapeake, paspapegh, payankatank, accomac, rappahanok, potomac, wicocomoco, accohanoc i upper mattapony. (ca) La Paŭhatanoj (aŭ Powhatan, Powatan, Powhaten) aŭ Powhatan Renape (litere, la paŭhatanaj homoj, estas nomo de indiana tribo de Nord-Ameriko. Ĝi estas ankaŭ la nomo de potenca konfederacio de triboj, kiun ili gvidis. Konataj ankaŭ kiel la Virginiaj Algonkinoj, ili parolis orient-algonkinan lingvon, nomata ankaŭ paŭhatana lingvo, kaj vivis en la nuna orienta parto de Virginio kiam alvenis la unuaj anglaj setlistoj. (eo) Powhatan (juga dieja Powatan dan Powhaten), adalah nama penduduk asli Amerika. Powhatan juga merupakan nama konfederasi suku yang telah mereka taklukan. Suku Powhatan menghuni bagian timur Virginia dan menuturkan . (in) Les Powhatans sont une ancienne confédération de tribus algonquiennes d’Amérique du Nord ayant vécu dans l’Est de l'actuelle Virginie. (fr) ( 포와탄은 여기로 연결됩니다. 다른 뜻에 대해서는 포와탄 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 포우하탄(Powhatan) 또는 포와탄(Powatan)은 미국 버지니아주 인디언 부족의 이름이다. 또한 포우하탄 족이 지배하는 강력한 부족 연방의 이름이기도 하다. 1607년 버지니아 주에 제임스타운 거주지가 만들어졌을 때 14,000명에서 21,000명의 부족민이 있었던 것으로 추정된다. (ko) ポウハタン（英:Powhatan、綴りは Powatan あるいは Powhaten という形もある、あるいはポウハタン・レナペ、英:Powhatan Renape）は、アメリカインディアンの部族名である。またポウハタン族と連携した強力な合議制部族連邦の名前でもある。 (ja) Powhatan var en mäktig indiansk stamkonfederation i Nordamerika som talade ett algonkinskt språk. (sv) 波瓦坦人（Powhatan /ˌpaʊhəˈtæn, ˈhætən/，有時候也拼作Powhatans、Powatan），或译波哈坦人，也叫弗吉尼亞阿冈昆人（Virginia Algonquians），指弗吉尼亞東部增那寇馬卡（Tsenacommacah）地區的美國原住民。在詹姆斯敦殖民地建立時，東弗吉尼亞共有14,000–21,000波瓦坦人。 16世紀末至17世紀初，波瓦坦人的酋長（mamanatowick）就叫波瓦坦（原名Wahunsenacawh，寶嘉康蒂之父），他在1618年去世，之後他的弟弟Opchanacanough即位，開始驅逐殖民者，結果導致殖民者的報復，波瓦坦人幾乎滅族，波瓦坦部落也不復存在，剩餘的波瓦坦人流落各地。21世紀，弗吉尼亞政府確認有九個美國原住民部落是波瓦坦人的後裔，人口約3,000–3,500。 (zh) Повхатан (англ. Powhatan) — індіанське плем'я, а також конфедерація кількох алгонкінських племен, яка існувала у першій половині ХVIІ століття. Конфедерація була одним з найбільших північноамериканських племінних утворень: у ХVIІ столітті чисельність повхатанів складала приблизно 14-21 тисяч осіб. Спочатку вона складалася з п'яти споріднених племен, а в подальшому — з більш ніж двадцяти. (uk) Mit Powhatan, Powatan oder Powhatan-Konföderation wird ein im 17. Jahrhundert mächtiges Häuptlingstum aus mehr als 30 Indianerstämmen der Küstenregion um östlich der Fall Line und nördlich der Great Dismal Swamps im Osten des heutigen US-Bundesstaats Virginia bezeichnet. Der Name leitet sich aus der indigenen Bezeichnung Powhatan (Powatan) / Paqwachowng für das Dorf und den dort siedelnden Stamm (in der Nähe der heutigen Hauptstadt Virginias – Richmond) sowie des ab hier schiffbaren Flusslaufs des James River (vormals: Powhatan River) bis zur Chesapeake Bay ab, da deren Häuptling die Konföderation zwischen 1597 und 1607 aufgebaut hatte. Die Engländer übernahmen diesen Namen und bezeichneten das Stammesbündnis als auch dessen Oberhäuptling (Paramount chief) Wahunsonacock als Powhatan bzw. (de) Powhatan (Powatan edo Powhaten ere idatzia) Ameriketako tribu baten izena da, beraiek menperatzen zuten tribuen konfederazio boteretsu baten nagusia, Tsenacomoco izenekoa. Algonkin hizkuntza hitz egiten zuten eta gaur egungo Virginia estatuan bizi ziren bertakoen eta ingelesen arteko lehen topaketen garaian. Wahunsunacockek inperio indartsu bat sortu zuenean Virginiaren zatirik handiena konkistatuz, bere lurrak Tenakomakah deitu zituen eta bera Powhatan. Powhatan hiriaren ondoan, izeneko konfederazio honen beste asentamendu bat zegoen. (eu) Los powhatan (también deletreado powatan o powhaten) es el nombre de una tribu nativa americana, la principal de una poderosa confederación de tribus a las cuales dominaron, llamada Tsenacomoco. Hablaban la lengua algonquina y vivían en lo que hoy es el estado de Virginia en el momento de los primeros encuentros entre nativos e ingleses. Cuando Wahunsunacock creó un poderoso imperio conquistando la mayor parte de Virginia, llamó a sus tierras Tenakomakah y a sí mismo el Powhatan. Al lado de la ciudad de Powhatan, había otro asentamiento de esta confederación llamado . (es) The Powhatan people (/ˌpaʊhəˈtæn, ˈhætən/; also spelled Powatan) may refer to any of the indigenous Algonquian people that are traditionally from eastern Virginia. All of the Powhatan groups descend from the Powhatan Confederacy. In some instances, The Powhatan may refer to one of the leaders of the people. This is most commonly the case in historical records from English colonial accounts. The Powhatans have also been known as Virginia Algonquians, as the Powhatan language is an eastern-Algonquian language, also known as Virginia Algonquian. It is estimated that there were about 14,000–21,000 Powhatan people in eastern Virginia, when English colonists established Jamestown in 1607. (en) Powhatan (scritto anche powatan e powhaten), o powhatan renape (letteralmente, gli "esseri umani powhatan"), è una tribù di nativi americani. È anche il nome di una potente confederazione di tribù da loro dominate. Anche conosciuti come algonchini della Virginia, parlano un algonchino orientale altrimenti detto lingua powhatan, e vivono in ciò che adesso è la parte orientale dell'odierna Virginia. Si ritiene che il nome abbia avuto origine da un villaggio vicino ad un punto navigabile di un grosso fiume, chiamato anch'esso "Powhatan". (it) De Powhatan, die aan de oostkust van Noord-Amerika woonden ten tijde van de eerste kolonisten, waren in feite geen zelfstandig volk, maar een confederatie die bestond uit een aantal kleinere indianenvolken die samen een sterke unie vormden. Ze maakten deel uit van de Algonkin-taalfamilie. Tot ongeveer 1400 hadden de volken in een los samenwerkingsverband geleefd, maar in de jaren die volgden ijverden een aantal leiders voor een nauwere vereniging tussen hun volkeren en vormden daarmee een van de weinige Noord-Amerikaanse rijken die wel wat weg hadden van de Mexicaanse beschavingen. Geruime tijd bestond de federatie uit de Powhatans, de Arrohatecks, de Appamattucks, de Pamunkeys, de Mattaponis, en de Chiskiacks; in 1598 sloten ook de Kecoughtans zich onder zware druk van chief Powhatan bij (nl) Powatanowie (ang. Powhatan od alg. Pow-u-'tan lub Pow-'ha-tɘn), federacja plemion Indian Ameryki Północnej z rodziny językowej algonkińskiej zamieszkująca tereny dzisiejszego stanu Wirginia. W skład federacji liczącej w XVII wieku od 9 do 14 tys. ludzi wchodzili , , , , i . Na początku lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku liczebność Ludu Powhatan-Renápe nie przekraczała 450 osób; na początku XXI wieku wzrosła do około 600. (pl) Поухатаны (традиционное написание, правильнее поватены, Powhatan, Powatan, Powhaten, Powhatan Renape) — название одного из индейских племён штата Виргиния. Поухатаны были доминирующим племенем в Поухатанской конфедерации индейских племён, существовавшей в начале XVII века и состоявшей из 14—21 тыс. человек, когда первые английские поселенцы основали город Джеймстаун. Также поухатаны известны как «виргинские алгонкины», поскольку поухатанский язык относится к алгонкинской семье. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Powhatan (en) Powhatan (grup humà) (ca) Powhatan (de) Paŭhatanoj (eo) Powhatan (eu) Powhatan (es) Powhatan (in) Powhatans (fr) ポウハタン (ja) Powhatan (it) 포우하탄 (ko) Powhatan (volk) (nl) Powatanowie (pl) Поухатаны (ru) Powhatan (sv) Повхатан (uk) 波瓦坦人 (zh) |
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| foaf:name | Powhatan people (en) |
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| is dbp:allegiance of | dbr:Opechancanough |
| is dbp:ethnicity of | dbr:Powhatan_language |
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| is dbp:nationality of | dbr:Pocahontas_(character) |
| is dbp:perpetrators of | dbr:Indian_massacre_of_1622 |
| is rdfs:seeAlso of | dbr:Powhatan_Historic_State_Park dbr:Grove,_Virginia |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Powhatan |
