Covenant theology (original) (raw)
- لاهوت العهود (المعروف أيضا باسم لاهوت العهد أو اللاهوت الفيدرالي) وجهة نظر وإطار يتم به تفسير الكتاب المقدس، وتعتبر فيه العهود مبدأ مرتباً للاهوت المسيحي. (ar)
- Die Föderaltheologie (lat. foedus, „Bund“; daher auch: Bundestheologie) ist eine theologische Richtung im Protestantismus, vor allem des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts. (de)
- Covenant theology (also known as covenantalism, federal theology, or federalism) is a conceptual overview and interpretive framework for understanding the overall structure of the Bible. It uses the theological concept of a covenant as an organizing principle for Christian theology. The standard form of covenant theology views the history of God's dealings with mankind, from Creation to Fall to Redemption to Consummation, under the framework of three overarching theological covenants: those of redemption, of works, and of grace. Covenentalists call these three covenants "theological" because, though not explicitly presented as such in the Bible, they are thought of as theologically implicit, describing and summarizing a wealth of scriptural data. Historical Reformed systems of thought treat classical covenant theology not merely as a point of doctrine or as a central dogma, but as the structure by which the biblical text organizes itself. The most well-known form of Covenant Theology is associated with Presbyterians and comes from the Westminster Confession of Faith. Another form is sometimes called "Baptist Covenant Theology" or "1689 Federalism", to distinguish it from the standard covenant theology of Presbyterian "Westminster Federalism". It is associated with Reformed Baptists and comes from the Second London Baptist Confession of Faith of 1689. Methodist hermeneutics traditionally use a variation of this, known as Wesleyan covenant theology, which is consistent with Arminian soteriology. As a framework for Biblical interpretation, covenant theology stands in contrast to dispensationalism in regard to the relationship between the Old Covenant (with national Israel) and the New Covenant (with the house of Israel [Jeremiah 31:31] in Christ's blood). That such a framework exists appears at least feasible, since from New Testament times the Bible of Israel has been known as the Old Testament (i.e., Covenant; see 2 Corinthians 3:14 [NRSV], "they [Jews] hear the reading of the old covenant"), in contrast to the Christian addition which has become known as the New Testament (or Covenant). Detractors of covenant theology often refer to it as "supersessionism" or as "replacement theology", due to the perception that it teaches that God has abandoned the promises made to the Jews and has replaced the Jews with Christians as His chosen people on the Earth. Covenant theologians deny that God has abandoned His promises to Israel, but see the fulfillment of the promises to Israel in the person and the work of the Messiah, Jesus of Nazareth, who established the church in organic continuity with Israel, not as a separate replacement entity. Many covenant theologians have also seen a distinct future promise of gracious restoration for unregenerate Israel. (en)
- La teología de las iglesias Reformadas se destaca en la importancia que da a los pactos; un prototipo se encuentra en la teología patrística que fue sistematizada por Agustín de Hipona, quien deduce dos pactos de la Escritura: El pacto de obras y el pacto de gracia. Para el primer pacto, las partes fueron Dios y Adán; la promesa del pacto era la vida; la provisa (condición) era la obediencia perfecta de Adán, y la penalidad ante el fracaso era la muerte. Para salvar al hombre del castigo debido a su desobediencia, entró en efecto un segundo pacto hecho desde la eternidad llamado el pacto de gracia. A través del Antiguo Testamento hubo sucesivas proclamaciones de este pacto. Encontramos una muestra de éste en el protoevangelium de Gn. 3:15. Algunas de sus disposiciones fueron reveladas a Noé más tarde (Gn. 9). Luego fue establecido con Abraham (Gn. 12) y con sus descendientes después de él, llegando de este modo a constituir un pacto nacional. Aunque en el Nuevo Testamento se describe este pacto como nuevo, pasajes tales como Ro. 4 y Gá. 3 muestran que esencialmente es el mismo bajo el cual vivieron los creyentes en el Antiguo Testamento. La salvación era por gracia y no por méritos, porque los sacrificios del Antiguo Testamento prefiguraban la muerte expiatoria de Cristo. Pero el mismo pacto se describe como uno mejor bajo la dispensación del NT, porque ahora no es administrado por Moisés, un siervo, sino por Cristo el Hijo (Heb. 3:5, 6). El pacto de gracia se trata bajo dos aspectos. En primer lugar, visto desde el lado divino, se habla del pacto de redención. Bajo este aspecto, las partes son Dios y Cristo; la condición es la perfecta obediencia del Hijo hasta el sufrimiento ante la pena impuesta al hombre por su desobediencia: la muerte; y la promesa es la salvación de todos los creyentes. En segundo lugar, existe el lado humano, en el que las partes son Dios y el creyente; la promesa es la vida eterna; y la condición de fe en Jesucristo es la única «obra» requerida de parte del creyente (Jn. 6:29). (es)
- La théologie de l'alliance (aussi connue sous le nom de théologie fédérale) est une doctrine chrétienne et un système interprétatif concernant la compréhension de l'ensemble de la Bible. Elle se base sur le concept d'alliance en tant que principe organisateur de la théologie chrétienne. (fr)
- La teologia federale (dal latino foedus, 'patto') o teologia dell'alleanza, è un quadro concettuale d'insieme per l'interpretazione del messaggio biblico. La teologia federale si avvale del concetto teologico di "patto" o "alleanza" come principio organizzatore dell'intera teologia cristiana. La teologia federale è una caratteristica prominente del calvinismo classico, specialmente di quelle chiese che sostengono una concezione riformata della teologia come le chiese riformate, presbiteriane e congregazionaliste mainstream, ma anche, in forma diversa, alcune chiese metodiste ed alcune chiese battiste. La teologia federale non sorge, però, ex novo nel XVI o nel XVII secolo, ma virtualmente tutti i suoi elementi, quelli che formano la teologia federale riformata, sono già presenti in forma frammentaria in epoche precedenti. (it)
- 언약신학 또는 계약신학(covenant theology)은 성경을 해석하는 하나의 신학체계로서, 하나님과 사람 사이의 '언약'에 중점을 둔다. 주로 기독교 개혁주의 신학자들에 의해 체계화되었다. (ko)
- 契約神学(けいやくしんがく、英: Covenant Theology, Covenantalism, Federal theology, Federalism)は、聖書の記述全体を神学概念のひとつである「契約」 (covenant) の概念によって把握し、説明しようとするキリスト教神学の立場である。主に長老派や改革派の教会で支持され、()の見解と対照的な立場をとる。 (ja)
- De verbondsleer neemt een belangrijke plaats in binnen de gereformeerde theologie. De verbondsleer beschrijft de verbondsmatige verhoudingen tussen God en mens. Een verbond bestaat in de Bijbel uit verplichtende afspraken, die bevestigd worden met een eed en gepaard gaan met een symbolisch teken. Op het verbreken van het verbond staan zware straffen. (nl)
- Teologia da Aliança (também conhecida como Aliancismo Cristão, Aliancismo, Federalismo Cristão, ou ainda Teologia Cristã Federal) é, a um só tempo, uma visão geral conceitual e hermenêutica, ou interpretativa, bíblica, bem como uma Confissão ou Denominação Cristã, com princípios próprios, que se propõe à compreensão da estrutura geral da Bíblia, naturalmente, segundo suas concepções e métodos e princípios, que consistem no usa do conceito teológico chave de "Aliança" como um princípio organizador geral para a Teologia Cristã. A forma padrão pela qual se organiza a Teologia da Aliança considera a história do relacionamento de Deus com a humanidade, desde a Criação, a Queda até a Redenção para a Consumação, sob o marco de três abrangentes alianças teológicas: Aliança das Obras, Aliança da Graça e Aliança da Redenção. Aliancistas dizem serem "teológicas" essas três alianças, porque, embora não explicitamente apresentadas como tais no texto da Bíblia Sagrada, podem ser consideradas teologicamente implícitas, ao descrever e resumir a imensa riqueza de dados e informações escriturísticos. Igrejas Reformadas sistemas de pensamento tratam a Teologia da Aliança clássica não meramente como um ponto de doutrina ou como um dogma central, mas como a estrutura pela qual o texto bíblico se organiza. Hermenêutica metodista tradicionalmente usa uma variação dessa Teologia, dita "Teologia Wesleyana da Aliança", a qual é consistente com a Soteriologia arminiana. Como uma estrutura para a interpretação bíblica, a Teologia da Aliança contrasta com o Dispensacionalismo sobre a relação entre a Antiga Aliança (com Israel nacional) e a Nova Aliança (com a Casa de Israel, conforme Jeremias 31:31, no sangue de Cristo). Que tal estrutura existe parece pelo menos factível, pois, desde os tempos do Novo Testamento, a Bíblia de Israel tem sido conhecida como o Antigo Testamento (isto é, Antiga Aliança; ver 2 Co 3:14), eles [os judeus] ouvem a leitura da Antiga Aliança), em contraste — e em complemento posterior — com a adição cristã, que se tornou conhecida como o Novo Testamento (ou Nova Aliança). Detratores da Teologia da Aliança muitas vezes referem-na como Supersessionismo, ou, ainda, como "Teologia da Substituição", devido à percepção acusatória de que ela ensina que Deus tenha abandonado as promessas feitas aos judeus, "substituindo-os [ judeus ] pelos cristãos como seu povo escolhido na Terra, ideia que não encontra amparo bíblico. Os Teólogos da Aliança negam tais acusações, de que Deus tenha abandonado suas promessas a Israel, mas veem o perfeito e pleno cumprimento das antigas promessas, sempre feitas a Israel, na pessoa e na obra do Messias, Jesus de Nazaré, que estabeleceu a igreja em continuidade orgânica com Israel, não como uma entidade substitutiva separada. Muitos teólogos da aliança também viram uma promessa futura distinta de restauração graciosa para a Israel ainda não regenerada. (pt)
- Förbundsteologi eller federalteologi (av latin foedus, förbund) var en mycket inflytelserik reformert teologisk riktning under 1600- och 1700-talen. Den utgick från den tysk-nederländske teologen Johannes Coccejus. Hans teorier ledde till en lång och intensiv strid mellan hans anhängare coccejanerna, bland andra Abraham Heidanus, och hans motståndare voetianerna, de senare så kallade efter sin ledare Gisbertus Voetius. Striden kom att vara i flera decennier. Striden var i grunden en fråga om synen på dogmatiska, teoretiska olikheter än praktiska skillnader. Stridens främsta orsak berodde på att coccejanerna förnekade sabbatsbudets giltighet för Nya testamentets tid, men dess egentliga grund låg i motsatsen mellan coccejanernas friare, mer världstillvända syn och de ortodoxa voetianernas strängt pietistiska levnadshållning. Även politiska partiförhållanden spelade emellertid in och striden var ibland så het att den hotade att dela den nederländska kyrkan. Striden lugnade så småningom ner sig genom att man fördelade professurerna vid de nederländska universiteten mellan de olika riktningarna. Bland de tongivande i denna lösning märktes från coccejanernas sida Frans Burman och den inflytelserike, folklige teologen, predikanten och psalmförfattaren Friedrich Adolph Lampe. Bland riktningens anhängare bör ytterligare nämnas Campegius Vitringa den äldre. (sv)
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- لاهوت العهود (المعروف أيضا باسم لاهوت العهد أو اللاهوت الفيدرالي) وجهة نظر وإطار يتم به تفسير الكتاب المقدس، وتعتبر فيه العهود مبدأ مرتباً للاهوت المسيحي. (ar)
- Die Föderaltheologie (lat. foedus, „Bund“; daher auch: Bundestheologie) ist eine theologische Richtung im Protestantismus, vor allem des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts. (de)
- La théologie de l'alliance (aussi connue sous le nom de théologie fédérale) est une doctrine chrétienne et un système interprétatif concernant la compréhension de l'ensemble de la Bible. Elle se base sur le concept d'alliance en tant que principe organisateur de la théologie chrétienne. (fr)
- 언약신학 또는 계약신학(covenant theology)은 성경을 해석하는 하나의 신학체계로서, 하나님과 사람 사이의 '언약'에 중점을 둔다. 주로 기독교 개혁주의 신학자들에 의해 체계화되었다. (ko)
- 契約神学(けいやくしんがく、英: Covenant Theology, Covenantalism, Federal theology, Federalism)は、聖書の記述全体を神学概念のひとつである「契約」 (covenant) の概念によって把握し、説明しようとするキリスト教神学の立場である。主に長老派や改革派の教会で支持され、()の見解と対照的な立場をとる。 (ja)
- De verbondsleer neemt een belangrijke plaats in binnen de gereformeerde theologie. De verbondsleer beschrijft de verbondsmatige verhoudingen tussen God en mens. Een verbond bestaat in de Bijbel uit verplichtende afspraken, die bevestigd worden met een eed en gepaard gaan met een symbolisch teken. Op het verbreken van het verbond staan zware straffen. (nl)
- Covenant theology (also known as covenantalism, federal theology, or federalism) is a conceptual overview and interpretive framework for understanding the overall structure of the Bible. It uses the theological concept of a covenant as an organizing principle for Christian theology. The standard form of covenant theology views the history of God's dealings with mankind, from Creation to Fall to Redemption to Consummation, under the framework of three overarching theological covenants: those of redemption, of works, and of grace. (en)
- La teología de las iglesias Reformadas se destaca en la importancia que da a los pactos; un prototipo se encuentra en la teología patrística que fue sistematizada por Agustín de Hipona, quien deduce dos pactos de la Escritura: El pacto de obras y el pacto de gracia. (es)
- La teologia federale (dal latino foedus, 'patto') o teologia dell'alleanza, è un quadro concettuale d'insieme per l'interpretazione del messaggio biblico. La teologia federale si avvale del concetto teologico di "patto" o "alleanza" come principio organizzatore dell'intera teologia cristiana. (it)
- Teologia da Aliança (também conhecida como Aliancismo Cristão, Aliancismo, Federalismo Cristão, ou ainda Teologia Cristã Federal) é, a um só tempo, uma visão geral conceitual e hermenêutica, ou interpretativa, bíblica, bem como uma Confissão ou Denominação Cristã, com princípios próprios, que se propõe à compreensão da estrutura geral da Bíblia, naturalmente, segundo suas concepções e métodos e princípios, que consistem no usa do conceito teológico chave de "Aliança" como um princípio organizador geral para a Teologia Cristã. A forma padrão pela qual se organiza a Teologia da Aliança considera a história do relacionamento de Deus com a humanidade, desde a Criação, a Queda até a Redenção para a Consumação, sob o marco de três abrangentes alianças teológicas: Aliança das Obras, Aliança da Gr (pt)
- Förbundsteologi eller federalteologi (av latin foedus, förbund) var en mycket inflytelserik reformert teologisk riktning under 1600- och 1700-talen. Den utgick från den tysk-nederländske teologen Johannes Coccejus. Hans teorier ledde till en lång och intensiv strid mellan hans anhängare coccejanerna, bland andra Abraham Heidanus, och hans motståndare voetianerna, de senare så kallade efter sin ledare Gisbertus Voetius. Striden kom att vara i flera decennier. Bland riktningens anhängare bör ytterligare nämnas Campegius Vitringa den äldre. (sv)
- لاهوت العهود (ar)
- Föderaltheologie (de)
- Teología del pacto (es)
- Covenant theology (en)
- Théologie de l'alliance (christianisme) (fr)
- Teologia federale (it)
- 언약신학 (ko)
- 契約神学 (ja)
- Verbondsleer (nl)
- Teologia da aliança (pt)
- Förbundsteologi (sv)
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