| dbo:abstract |
Earl of Orkney ist ein erblicher britischer Adelstitel, der zweimal in der Peerage of Scotland verliehen wurde. (de) Earl of Orkney, historically Jarl of Orkney, is a title of nobility encompassing the archipelagoes of Orkney and Shetland, which comprise the Northern Isles of Scotland. Originally founded by Norse invaders, the status of the rulers of the Northern Isles as Norwegian vassals was formalised in 1195. Although the Old Norse term jarl is etymologically related to "earl", and the jarls were succeeded by earls in the late 15th century, a Norwegian jarl is not the same thing. In the Norse context the distinction between jarls and kings did not become significant until the late 11th century and the early jarls would therefore have had considerable independence of action until that time. The position of Jarl of Orkney was eventually the most senior rank in medieval Norway except for the king himself. The jarls were periodically subject to the kings of Alba for those parts of their territory in what is now mainland Scotland (i.e. Caithness and Sutherland). In 1232, a Scottish dynasty descended from the mormaers of Angus replaced the previous family descended from the late 10th century jarl Torf-Einarr, although the isles remained formally subject to Norway. This family was in turn replaced by the descendants of the mormaers of Strathearn and later still by the Sinclair family, during whose time Orkney and Shetland became part of Scotland. The second earldom was created by James VI of Scotland in 1581 for his half-uncle Robert Stewart but after only two incumbents the title was forfeited in 1614. After the third creation of 1696, which title still exists today, the earls' influence on Orcadian affairs became negligible. (en) Liste des jarls et comtes des Orcades (anglais Earl of Orkney) depuis l'origine jusqu'à l'annexion par le royaume d'Écosse et l'intégration dans la pairie d'Écosse au XIIIe siècle. Le comte des Orcades était à l’origine un jarl nordique régnant sur les archipels des Orcades et des Shetland (Northern Isles). Fondés à l’origine par des envahisseurs nordiques, les premiers jarls auraient eu une indépendance d’action considérable jusqu’au XIe siècle. La position de Jarl des Orcades a finalement été le rang le plus élevé de la Norvège médiévale, à l’exception du roi lui-même. En 1232, une dynastie écossaise descendant des Comtes d'Angus a remplacé la famille précédente descendant du jarl Torf-Einarr, bien que soumis officiellement à la Norvège. Cette famille fut à son tour remplacée par les descendants des comtes de Strathearn et plus tard encore par la famille Sinclair, à l’époque de laquelle les Orcades et les Shetland devinrent une partie de l’Écosse. (fr) Il titolo di Conte delle Orcadi (Jarl av Orknøyene) era in origine attribuito agli Jarl Norvegesi che governavano le Isole Orcadi, le Isole Shetland e parte del Caithness e del Sutherland. I conti erano periodicamente assoggettati ai Re di Norvegia per quel che concerneva le e più tardi anche ai Re di Alba per quelle porzioni del loro territorio che si trovavano sulla terraferma e in territorio scozzese. Lo stato dei conti quali vassalli dei re di Norvegia venne formalizzato nel 1195. Nel 1232 una dinastia scozzese discendente dai Mormaer di Angus rimpiazzò la precedente che discendeva invece da quelli di Atholl anche se rimasero formalmente sotto il controllo della Norvegia. Questi a loro volta vennero sostituiti dalla famiglia del Conte di Strathearn e più tardi da Henry Sinclair I, conte delle Orcadi che portò il contado intero sotto il dominio della Scozia.Il primo conte delle Orcadi di cui si ha conoscenza è Ragnvald Eysteinsson che morì attorno all'890, i successivi conti, fino al 1232, furono tutti, con una sola eccezione, discendenti suoi o del fratello Sigurd Eysteinsson. (it) Граф Оркни — старинный шотландский аристократический титул в пэрстве Шотландии. Графство Оркни было образовано норвежскими завоевателями и на начальном этапе включало в себя Оркнейские и Шетландские острова, а также, временами, Кейтнесс и Сатерленд. Графы периодически давали присягу королям Норвегии, а позже также и королям Шотландии, как правители части Северной Шотландии (Кейтнесс и Сатерленд). Статус графа Оркни как вассала норвежского короля был официально подтверждён в 1195 году. После перехода островов под власть Шотландии в 1471 году графство несколько раз восстанавливалось и упразднялось. (ru) Граф Оркні — титул, що почали носити і носять досі голови графства Оркні. Спочатку титул носили норвезькі ярли (графи), що правили Оркнейськими і Шетландськими островами, а також частинами Кейтнессу і . Графи час від часу присягали на вірність королям Норвегії, а пізніше також і королям Шотландії, як володарі частини Північної Шотландії (Кейтнесс и ). Статус графа Оркні як васала норвезького короля був офіційно підтверджений в 1195 році. Першим відомим графом Оркні був , який помер близько 890 року. Усі наступні графи, що правили Оркні аж до 1232 (за винятком одного) були нащадками Регнвальда або його брата Сігурда. (uk) |
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| dbp:caption |
Arms of the 8th Earl of Orkney (en) |
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0001-01-03 (xsd:gMonthDay) c. 1236 (en) c. 892 (en) |
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1 (xsd:integer) |
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Quarterly: 1st and 4th grandquarters, Argent on a Saltire Gules a Lymphad sails furled Or a Chief Ermine ; 2nd grandquarter, quarterly: 1st and 4th, Gules three Cinquefoils Ermine ; 2nd, Argent a Lymphad sails furled Sable ; 3rd, Argent a Heart Gules imperially crowned Or on a Chief Azure three Mullets of the first ; over all at the fess point an Escallop Or for difference ; 3rd grandquarter, quarterly: 1st and 4th, Gules three Lions passant guardant per pale Or and Argent ; 2nd, Argent three Piles meeting in the point issuing from the chief Gules; 3rd, Argent a Pheon Azure. (en) |
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1230 (xsd:integer) 1472 (xsd:integer) |
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dbr:George_Hamilton,_1st_Earl_of_Orkney dbr:Sigurd_Eysteinsson dbr:Magnus_II,_Earl_of_Orkney |
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dbr:Brough_of_Birsay |
| dbp:heirApparent |
Oliver Robert St John, Viscount Kirkwall (en) |
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dbr:William_Sinclair,_1st_Earl_of_Caithness dbr:Jon_Haraldsson |
| dbp:monarch |
dbr:Haakon_Haakonsson dbr:William_III_of_England dbr:Harald_Fairhair |
| dbp:motto |
Through Courage. (en) |
| dbp:name |
(en) Earldom of Orkney (en) Jarldom of Orkney (en) the Earl of Orkney (en) |
| dbp:notes |
Coat of arms of the 8th earl. (en) |
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dbr:Peerage_of_Scotland Peerage of Norway (en) |
| dbp:presentHolder |
dbr:Peter_St_John,_9th_Earl_of_Orkney |
| dbp:status |
Extinct (en) |
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dbr:Mormaer_of_Caithness Lord Dechmont (en) Viscount of Kirkwall (en) |
| dbp:supporters |
On the dexter side an Antelope Azure armed and ducally gorged with Chain reflexed across the back Or, and on the sinister a Stag proper attired and ducally gorged with a Chain reflexed over the back also Or, each supporter charged on the shoulder with a Cinquefoil Ermine. (en) |
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Earl of Orkney ist ein erblicher britischer Adelstitel, der zweimal in der Peerage of Scotland verliehen wurde. (de) Граф Оркни — старинный шотландский аристократический титул в пэрстве Шотландии. Графство Оркни было образовано норвежскими завоевателями и на начальном этапе включало в себя Оркнейские и Шетландские острова, а также, временами, Кейтнесс и Сатерленд. Графы периодически давали присягу королям Норвегии, а позже также и королям Шотландии, как правители части Северной Шотландии (Кейтнесс и Сатерленд). Статус графа Оркни как вассала норвежского короля был официально подтверждён в 1195 году. После перехода островов под власть Шотландии в 1471 году графство несколько раз восстанавливалось и упразднялось. (ru) Earl of Orkney, historically Jarl of Orkney, is a title of nobility encompassing the archipelagoes of Orkney and Shetland, which comprise the Northern Isles of Scotland. Originally founded by Norse invaders, the status of the rulers of the Northern Isles as Norwegian vassals was formalised in 1195. Although the Old Norse term jarl is etymologically related to "earl", and the jarls were succeeded by earls in the late 15th century, a Norwegian jarl is not the same thing. In the Norse context the distinction between jarls and kings did not become significant until the late 11th century and the early jarls would therefore have had considerable independence of action until that time. The position of Jarl of Orkney was eventually the most senior rank in medieval Norway except for the king himsel (en) Liste des jarls et comtes des Orcades (anglais Earl of Orkney) depuis l'origine jusqu'à l'annexion par le royaume d'Écosse et l'intégration dans la pairie d'Écosse au XIIIe siècle. Le comte des Orcades était à l’origine un jarl nordique régnant sur les archipels des Orcades et des Shetland (Northern Isles). Fondés à l’origine par des envahisseurs nordiques, les premiers jarls auraient eu une indépendance d’action considérable jusqu’au XIe siècle. La position de Jarl des Orcades a finalement été le rang le plus élevé de la Norvège médiévale, à l’exception du roi lui-même. (fr) Il titolo di Conte delle Orcadi (Jarl av Orknøyene) era in origine attribuito agli Jarl Norvegesi che governavano le Isole Orcadi, le Isole Shetland e parte del Caithness e del Sutherland. I conti erano periodicamente assoggettati ai Re di Norvegia per quel che concerneva le e più tardi anche ai Re di Alba per quelle porzioni del loro territorio che si trovavano sulla terraferma e in territorio scozzese. Lo stato dei conti quali vassalli dei re di Norvegia venne formalizzato nel 1195. (it) Граф Оркні — титул, що почали носити і носять досі голови графства Оркні. Спочатку титул носили норвезькі ярли (графи), що правили Оркнейськими і Шетландськими островами, а також частинами Кейтнессу і . Графи час від часу присягали на вірність королям Норвегії, а пізніше також і королям Шотландії, як володарі частини Північної Шотландії (Кейтнесс и ). Статус графа Оркні як васала норвезького короля був офіційно підтверджений в 1195 році. (uk) |
| rdfs:label |
Earl of Orkney (en) Earl of Orkney (de) Comte des Orcades (fr) Conte delle Orcadi (it) Граф Оркни (ru) Граф Оркні (uk) |
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| is dbp:spouse of |
dbr:Connie_Gilchrist,_Countess_of_Orkney |
| is dbp:title of |
dbr:Anne_O'Brien,_2nd_Countess_of_Orkney dbr:Peter_St_John,_9th_Earl_of_Orkney dbr:George_FitzMaurice,_6th_Earl_of_Orkney dbr:George_Hamilton,_1st_Earl_of_Orkney dbr:Thorfinn_the_Mighty dbr:Erengisle_Suneson,_Earl_of_Orkney dbr:Magnus_Erlendsson,_Earl_of_Orkney dbr:Malise_V,_Earl_of_Strathearn dbr:Sigurd_the_Crusader dbr:Patrick_Stewart,_2nd_Earl_of_Orkney dbr:William_Sinclair,_1st_Earl_of_Caithness dbr:Haakon_Paulsson dbr:Cecil_FitzMaurice,_8th_Earl_of_Orkney dbr:Paul_and_Erlend_Thorfinnsson dbr:Mary_FitzMaurice,_4th_Countess_of_Orkney dbr:Thomas_FitzMaurice,_5th_Earl_of_Orkney dbr:Einar_Sigurdsson dbr:Henry_II_Sinclair,_Earl_of_Orkney dbr:Henry_I_Sinclair,_Earl_of_Orkney dbr:Thorfinn_Torf-Einarsson dbr:Brusi_Sigurdsson dbr:Magnus_II,_Earl_of_Orkney dbr:Mary_O'Brien,_3rd_Countess_of_Orkney dbr:Robert_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Orkney dbr:Torf-Einarr dbr:Gilbert,_Earl_of_Orkney dbr:Sigurd_the_Stout |
| is dbp:titleLeader of |
dbr:Earldom_of_Orkney |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of |
wikipedia-en:Earl_of_Orkney |
